Access to employment: A comparison of autistic, neurodivergent and neurotypical adults' experiences of hiring processes in the United Kingdom / Jade DAVIES in Autism, 27-6 (August 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-6 (August 2023) . - p.1746-1763 Titre : Access to employment: A comparison of autistic, neurodivergent and neurotypical adults' experiences of hiring processes in the United Kingdom Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jade DAVIES, Auteur ; Brett HEASMAN, Auteur ; Adam LIVESEY, Auteur ; Amy WALKER, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1746-1763 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adulthood;autism;employment;recruitment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people face high unemployment rates. One reason for this may be that hiring processes are inaccessible. This study aimed to establish autistic people?s unique experiences of hiring processes in the United Kingdom, by comparing them to the experiences of non-autistic neurodivergent people and neurotypical people. Using qualitative and quantitative data from 225 autistic, 64 non-autistic neurodivergent and 88 neurotypical adults, we identified a series of (dis)similarities in participants' views and experiences of recruitment for employment. Similarities across the three groups included (1) frustration with the focus on social skills; (2) a perceived need for more flexible hiring processes; (3) a desire for more clarity and (4) the importance of the environment. Participants also acknowledged the important role employers play in one?s decision to disclose a diagnosis or access need. Yet, autistic people faced a set of unique barriers to successful recruitment, over and above those that non-autistic people faced. For example, the perceived pressure to mask autistic traits to succeed and concerns about stigma and discrimination. Participants' recommendations for improvements included the use of more practical recruitment strategies (e.g. work trials), more clarity about what to expect, and improvements in recruiters' understanding of the challenges autistic and neurodivergent candidates may face.Lay abstractAutistic people are less likely to have a job than non-autistic people. One reason for this may be that hiring processes (e.g. job applications, interviews) can be challenging for autistic people. To better understand the experiences of hiring processes in the United Kingdom, we asked 225 autistic, 64 neurodivergent (but not autistic) and 64 adults with no reported area of neurodivergence questions about their experiences using an online survey. We found a range of similarities and differences in responses. For example, participants in all three groups were frustrated with the focus on social skills in recruitment and said they wanted more practical methods (e.g. work trials) that help them show their skills and abilities. Autistic and otherwise neurodivergent participants discussed the importance of the environment (e.g. the interview/assessment room) in improving experiences. Participants also discussed how employers can impact whether somebody decides to disclose their diagnosis or needs - or not. Autistic people experienced some barriers to successful recruitment that non-autistic people did not. For example, autistic people felt they had to hide their autistic traits to gain employment and many autistic people were worried about being discriminated against if they disclosed that they were autistic during the hiring process. To make experiences better, our participants said that employers should offer candidates different recruitment methods and give them more information about the hiring process. They also said employers should improve their understanding of autism and other hidden disabilities so they know the challenges that people might face during recruitment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221145377 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=509 [article] Access to employment: A comparison of autistic, neurodivergent and neurotypical adults' experiences of hiring processes in the United Kingdom [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jade DAVIES, Auteur ; Brett HEASMAN, Auteur ; Adam LIVESEY, Auteur ; Amy WALKER, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur . - p.1746-1763. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-6 (August 2023) . - p.1746-1763 Mots-clés : adulthood;autism;employment;recruitment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people face high unemployment rates. One reason for this may be that hiring processes are inaccessible. This study aimed to establish autistic people?s unique experiences of hiring processes in the United Kingdom, by comparing them to the experiences of non-autistic neurodivergent people and neurotypical people. Using qualitative and quantitative data from 225 autistic, 64 non-autistic neurodivergent and 88 neurotypical adults, we identified a series of (dis)similarities in participants' views and experiences of recruitment for employment. Similarities across the three groups included (1) frustration with the focus on social skills; (2) a perceived need for more flexible hiring processes; (3) a desire for more clarity and (4) the importance of the environment. Participants also acknowledged the important role employers play in one?s decision to disclose a diagnosis or access need. Yet, autistic people faced a set of unique barriers to successful recruitment, over and above those that non-autistic people faced. For example, the perceived pressure to mask autistic traits to succeed and concerns about stigma and discrimination. Participants' recommendations for improvements included the use of more practical recruitment strategies (e.g. work trials), more clarity about what to expect, and improvements in recruiters' understanding of the challenges autistic and neurodivergent candidates may face.Lay abstractAutistic people are less likely to have a job than non-autistic people. One reason for this may be that hiring processes (e.g. job applications, interviews) can be challenging for autistic people. To better understand the experiences of hiring processes in the United Kingdom, we asked 225 autistic, 64 neurodivergent (but not autistic) and 64 adults with no reported area of neurodivergence questions about their experiences using an online survey. We found a range of similarities and differences in responses. For example, participants in all three groups were frustrated with the focus on social skills in recruitment and said they wanted more practical methods (e.g. work trials) that help them show their skills and abilities. Autistic and otherwise neurodivergent participants discussed the importance of the environment (e.g. the interview/assessment room) in improving experiences. Participants also discussed how employers can impact whether somebody decides to disclose their diagnosis or needs - or not. Autistic people experienced some barriers to successful recruitment that non-autistic people did not. For example, autistic people felt they had to hide their autistic traits to gain employment and many autistic people were worried about being discriminated against if they disclosed that they were autistic during the hiring process. To make experiences better, our participants said that employers should offer candidates different recruitment methods and give them more information about the hiring process. They also said employers should improve their understanding of autism and other hidden disabilities so they know the challenges that people might face during recruitment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221145377 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=509

Adaptation to the Speed of Biological Motion in Autism / Themis KARAMINIS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-2 (February 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-2 (February 2020) . - p.373-385 Titre : Adaptation to the Speed of Biological Motion in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Themis KARAMINIS, Auteur ; Roberto ARRIGHI, Auteur ; Georgia FORTH, Auteur ; David BURR, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.373-385 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adaptation  Autism  Biological motion  Perception  Running speed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals often present atypicalities in adaptation-the continuous recalibration of perceptual systems driven by recent sensory experiences. Here, we examined such atypicalities in human biological motion. We used a dual-task paradigm, including a running-speed discrimination task ('comparing the speed of two running silhouettes') and a change-detection task ('detecting fixation-point shrinkages') assessing attention. We tested 19 school-age autistic and 19 age- and ability-matched typical participants, also recording eye-movements. The two groups presented comparable speed-discrimination abilities and, unexpectedly, comparable adaptation. Accuracy in the change-detection task and the scatter of eye-fixations around the fixation point were also similar across groups. Yet, the scatter of fixations reliably predicted the magnitude of adaptation, demonstrating the importance of controlling for attention in adaptation studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04241-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=416 [article] Adaptation to the Speed of Biological Motion in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Themis KARAMINIS, Auteur ; Roberto ARRIGHI, Auteur ; Georgia FORTH, Auteur ; David BURR, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - p.373-385. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-2 (February 2020) . - p.373-385 Mots-clés : Adaptation  Autism  Biological motion  Perception  Running speed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals often present atypicalities in adaptation-the continuous recalibration of perceptual systems driven by recent sensory experiences. Here, we examined such atypicalities in human biological motion. We used a dual-task paradigm, including a running-speed discrimination task ('comparing the speed of two running silhouettes') and a change-detection task ('detecting fixation-point shrinkages') assessing attention. We tested 19 school-age autistic and 19 age- and ability-matched typical participants, also recording eye-movements. The two groups presented comparable speed-discrimination abilities and, unexpectedly, comparable adaptation. Accuracy in the change-detection task and the scatter of eye-fixations around the fixation point were also similar across groups. Yet, the scatter of fixations reliably predicted the magnitude of adaptation, demonstrating the importance of controlling for attention in adaptation studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04241-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=416

Annual Research Review: Shifting from 'normal science' to neurodiversity in autism science / Elizabeth PELLICANO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-4 (April 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-4 (April 2022) . - p.381-396 Titre : Annual Research Review: Shifting from 'normal science' to neurodiversity in autism science Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Jacquiline DEN HOUTING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.381-396 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  ethics  medical model  neurodiversity  social model of disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Since its initial description, the concept of autism has been firmly rooted within the conventional medical paradigm of child psychiatry. Increasingly, there have been calls from the autistic community and, more recently, nonautistic researchers, to rethink the way in which autism science is framed and conducted. Neurodiversity, where autism is seen as one form of variation within a diversity of minds, has been proposed as a potential alternative paradigm. In this review, we concentrate on three major challenges to the conventional medical paradigm - an overfocus on deficits, an emphasis on the individual as opposed to their broader context and a narrowness of perspective - each of which necessarily constrains what we can know about autism and how we are able to know it. We then outline the ways in which fundamental elements of the neurodiversity paradigm can potentially help researchers respond to the medical model's limitations. We conclude by considering the implications of a shift towards the neurodiversity paradigm for autism science. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13534 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475 [article] Annual Research Review: Shifting from 'normal science' to neurodiversity in autism science [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Jacquiline DEN HOUTING, Auteur . - p.381-396. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-4 (April 2022) . - p.381-396 Mots-clés : Autism  ethics  medical model  neurodiversity  social model of disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Since its initial description, the concept of autism has been firmly rooted within the conventional medical paradigm of child psychiatry. Increasingly, there have been calls from the autistic community and, more recently, nonautistic researchers, to rethink the way in which autism science is framed and conducted. Neurodiversity, where autism is seen as one form of variation within a diversity of minds, has been proposed as a potential alternative paradigm. In this review, we concentrate on three major challenges to the conventional medical paradigm - an overfocus on deficits, an emphasis on the individual as opposed to their broader context and a narrowness of perspective - each of which necessarily constrains what we can know about autism and how we are able to know it. We then outline the ways in which fundamental elements of the neurodiversity paradigm can potentially help researchers respond to the medical model's limitations. We conclude by considering the implications of a shift towards the neurodiversity paradigm for autism science. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13534 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475

Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults / Samra ALISPAHIC in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1495-1507 Titre : Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Samra ALISPAHIC, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Anne CUTLER, Auteur ; Mark ANTONIOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1495-1507 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Australia  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Bayes Theorem  Child  Humans  Phonetics  Speech Perception  auditory processing  autism  language development  perceptual flexibility  perceptual learning  phonetic adaptation  speech perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The automatic retuning of phoneme categories to better adapt to the speech of a novel talker has been extensively documented across various (neurotypical) populations, including both adults and children. However, no studies have examined auditory perceptual learning effects in populations atypical in perceptual, social, and language processing for communication, such as populations with autism. Employing a classic lexically-guided perceptual learning paradigm, the present study investigated perceptual learning effects in Australian English autistic and non-autistic adults. The findings revealed that automatic attunement to existing phoneme categories was not activated in the autistic group in the same manner as for non-autistic control subjects. Specifically, autistic adults were able to both successfully discern lexical items and to categorize speech sounds; however, they did not show effects of perceptual retuning to talkers. These findings may have implications for the application of current sensory theories (e.g., Bayesian decision theory) to speech and language processing by autistic individuals. LAY SUMMARY: Lexically guided perceptual learning assists in the disambiguation of speech from a novel talker. The present study established that while Australian English autistic adult listeners were able to successfully discern lexical items and categorize speech sounds in their native language, perceptual flexibility in updating speaker-specific phonemic knowledge when exposed to a novel talker was not available. Implications for speech and language processing by autistic individuals as well as current sensory theories are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2778 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Auditory perceptual learning in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Samra ALISPAHIC, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Anne CUTLER, Auteur ; Mark ANTONIOU, Auteur . - p.1495-1507. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1495-1507 Mots-clés : Adult  Australia  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Bayes Theorem  Child  Humans  Phonetics  Speech Perception  auditory processing  autism  language development  perceptual flexibility  perceptual learning  phonetic adaptation  speech perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The automatic retuning of phoneme categories to better adapt to the speech of a novel talker has been extensively documented across various (neurotypical) populations, including both adults and children. However, no studies have examined auditory perceptual learning effects in populations atypical in perceptual, social, and language processing for communication, such as populations with autism. Employing a classic lexically-guided perceptual learning paradigm, the present study investigated perceptual learning effects in Australian English autistic and non-autistic adults. The findings revealed that automatic attunement to existing phoneme categories was not activated in the autistic group in the same manner as for non-autistic control subjects. Specifically, autistic adults were able to both successfully discern lexical items and to categorize speech sounds; however, they did not show effects of perceptual retuning to talkers. These findings may have implications for the application of current sensory theories (e.g., Bayesian decision theory) to speech and language processing by autistic individuals. LAY SUMMARY: Lexically guided perceptual learning assists in the disambiguation of speech from a novel talker. The present study established that while Australian English autistic adult listeners were able to successfully discern lexical items and categorize speech sounds in their native language, perceptual flexibility in updating speaker-specific phonemic knowledge when exposed to a novel talker was not available. Implications for speech and language processing by autistic individuals as well as current sensory theories are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2778 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Autistic adults' experiences of financial wellbeing: Part II / Elizabeth PELLICANO in Autism, 28-5 (May 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-5 (May 2024) . - p.1090-1106 Titre : Autistic adults' experiences of financial wellbeing: Part II Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Gabrielle HALL, Auteur ; Ru YING CAI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1090-1106 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : employment  income  mental health  money  quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Financial wellbeing is an important component of people?s overall wellbeing, reflecting the capacity to live a comfortable and fulfilling life. Yet virtually nothing is known about this topic for autistic people. This study addressed this gap using a two-phase sequential mixed-methods design. Here, we report on findings from the Phase 2 qualitative study. In this study, 21 autistic participants were purposively selected based on the status of their financial wellbeing, including 12 people with high, and 9 with low, financial wellbeing, and interviewed by an autistic researcher. We identified four themes through reflective thematic analysis. Having access to a stable income made an enormous difference to people?s financial wellbeing. Participants emphasised how their broader social supports, especially family support, shaped their financial wellbeing. Yet, planning financially was often challenging, especially for people who had insufficient money to meet their basic needs. Nevertheless, our participants reported a strong drive to stay in control and avoid unnecessary risk. Our findings revealed how much money matters in autistic people?s lives. Future research should investigate the ways in which autistic people could secure more reliable incomes and identify the most effective ways to support them to achieve financial resilience. Lay abstract Money matters in people?s lives. It helps to meet people?s basic needs (food, clothes, shelter) and live the lives they want to. When people talk about 'financial wellbeing', they mean how much you feel in control over day-to-day finances and how much freedom you have to make choices to enjoy life. We don?t know what autistic people think about these things. That?s why we did our study. We spoke to 21 autistic adults (24-69?years) about how they felt about their financial situation. We deliberately spoke to people who had told us previously they felt 'financially well' or 'financially unwell' so we could hear a range of opinions. Autistic people told us financial wellbeing meant having enough money to pay for their basics needs, to have a safety net for unexpected bills and not having to worry about money now or in the future. But many felt that good financial wellbeing was not possible for them. They often did not have a stable income to cover day-to-day expenses. This limited the choices they could make. Despite these challenges, autistic people told us they worked hard to budget and save money when they could - because feeling financial insecure was just too stressful, especially when they could not rely on family or friends for support. It made them feel mentally unwell. Our study shows there are many factors that influence autistic people?s financial wellbeing. We need more research to help us understand how autistic people can be supported to achieve financial security. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231191594 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=527 [article] Autistic adults' experiences of financial wellbeing: Part II [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Gabrielle HALL, Auteur ; Ru YING CAI, Auteur . - p.1090-1106. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-5 (May 2024) . - p.1090-1106 Mots-clés : employment  income  mental health  money  quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Financial wellbeing is an important component of people?s overall wellbeing, reflecting the capacity to live a comfortable and fulfilling life. Yet virtually nothing is known about this topic for autistic people. This study addressed this gap using a two-phase sequential mixed-methods design. Here, we report on findings from the Phase 2 qualitative study. In this study, 21 autistic participants were purposively selected based on the status of their financial wellbeing, including 12 people with high, and 9 with low, financial wellbeing, and interviewed by an autistic researcher. We identified four themes through reflective thematic analysis. Having access to a stable income made an enormous difference to people?s financial wellbeing. Participants emphasised how their broader social supports, especially family support, shaped their financial wellbeing. Yet, planning financially was often challenging, especially for people who had insufficient money to meet their basic needs. Nevertheless, our participants reported a strong drive to stay in control and avoid unnecessary risk. Our findings revealed how much money matters in autistic people?s lives. Future research should investigate the ways in which autistic people could secure more reliable incomes and identify the most effective ways to support them to achieve financial resilience. Lay abstract Money matters in people?s lives. It helps to meet people?s basic needs (food, clothes, shelter) and live the lives they want to. When people talk about 'financial wellbeing', they mean how much you feel in control over day-to-day finances and how much freedom you have to make choices to enjoy life. We don?t know what autistic people think about these things. That?s why we did our study. We spoke to 21 autistic adults (24-69?years) about how they felt about their financial situation. We deliberately spoke to people who had told us previously they felt 'financially well' or 'financially unwell' so we could hear a range of opinions. Autistic people told us financial wellbeing meant having enough money to pay for their basics needs, to have a safety net for unexpected bills and not having to worry about money now or in the future. But many felt that good financial wellbeing was not possible for them. They often did not have a stable income to cover day-to-day expenses. This limited the choices they could make. Despite these challenges, autistic people told us they worked hard to budget and save money when they could - because feeling financial insecure was just too stressful, especially when they could not rely on family or friends for support. It made them feel mentally unwell. Our study shows there are many factors that influence autistic people?s financial wellbeing. We need more research to help us understand how autistic people can be supported to achieve financial security. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231191594 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=527

Autistic parents' views and experiences of talking about autism with their autistic children / Laura CRANE in Autism, 25-4 (May 2021)  

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Autistic young people adaptively use gaze to facilitate joint attention during multi-gestural dyadic interactions / Nathan CARUANA in Autism, 28-6 (June 2024)  

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Binocular rivalry in children on the autism spectrum / Themis KARAMINIS in Autism Research, 10-6 (June 2017)  

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Bridging autism, science and society: moving toward an ethically informed approach to autism research / Elizabeth PELLICANO in Autism Research, 4-4 (August 2011)  

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Brief Report: Coherent Motion Processing in Autism: Is Dot Lifetime an Important Parameter? / Catherine MANNING in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-7 (July 2015)  

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Career progression for autistic people: A scoping review / Jade DAVIES in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

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Commentary: Broadening the research remit of participatory methods in autism science - a commentary on Happe and Frith (2020) / Elizabeth PELLICANO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-3 (March 2020)  

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Comparing the Executive Function Ability of Autistic and Non-autistic Adolescents with a Manualised Battery of Neuropsychological Tasks / Lorcan KENNY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-7 (July 2022)  

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Confirming the nature of autistic burnout / Samuel RC ARNOLD in Autism, 27-7 (October 2023)  

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Contributing to an autism biobank: Diverse perspectives from autistic participants, family members and researchers / Hannah RAPAPORT ; Rebecca POULSEN ; Michael YUDELL ; Elizabeth PELLICANO in Autism, 28-7 (July 2024)  

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