Gaze patterns during scene processing in typical adults and adults with autism spectrum disorders / Sarah N. RIGBY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 25 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.24-36 Titre : Gaze patterns during scene processing in typical adults and adults with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah N. RIGBY, Auteur ; Brenda M. STOESZ, Auteur ; Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.24-36 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adults  Autism spectrum disorder  Dynamic face processing  Eye-tracking  Selective attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Little is known about how adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process dynamic social scenes. Method We studied gaze behavior in 16 adults with ASD without intellectual impairment and 16 sex- and age-matched controls during passive scene processing. Results Adding more characters to a scene resulted in a drop in time spent looking at faces, and an increase in time spent looking at bodies (static trials) or off-person (dynamic trials) [Scene Type × AOI × Mode: F(2, 60) = 3.54, p = .04, ?2p = .11]. Unlike controls, adults with ASD showed only a small drop in the number of fixations made [Mode × Group: F(1, 30) = 11.30, p = .002, ?2p = .27] and no increase in the duration of face fixations [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.50, p = .04, ?2p = .11] when dynamic cues were added. Thus, particularly during dynamic trials, adults with ASD spent less time looking at faces and slightly more time looking off-person than did controls [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.10 p = .05, ?2p = .09]. Exhibiting more autistic traits and being less empathic were both associated with spending less time fixating on faces [.34 < |r| < .55, p < .05]. Conclusions These results suggest that adults with ASD may be less sensitive to, or have more difficulty processing, dynamic cues—particularly those conveyed in faces. The findings demonstrate the importance of using dynamic displays in studies involving this clinical population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Gaze patterns during scene processing in typical adults and adults with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah N. RIGBY, Auteur ; Brenda M. STOESZ, Auteur ; Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur . - p.24-36. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 25 (May 2016) . - p.24-36 Mots-clés : Adults  Autism spectrum disorder  Dynamic face processing  Eye-tracking  Selective attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Little is known about how adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process dynamic social scenes. Method We studied gaze behavior in 16 adults with ASD without intellectual impairment and 16 sex- and age-matched controls during passive scene processing. Results Adding more characters to a scene resulted in a drop in time spent looking at faces, and an increase in time spent looking at bodies (static trials) or off-person (dynamic trials) [Scene Type × AOI × Mode: F(2, 60) = 3.54, p = .04, ?2p = .11]. Unlike controls, adults with ASD showed only a small drop in the number of fixations made [Mode × Group: F(1, 30) = 11.30, p = .002, ?2p = .27] and no increase in the duration of face fixations [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.50, p = .04, ?2p = .11] when dynamic cues were added. Thus, particularly during dynamic trials, adults with ASD spent less time looking at faces and slightly more time looking off-person than did controls [Mode × AOI × Group: F(2, 60) = 3.10 p = .05, ?2p = .09]. Exhibiting more autistic traits and being less empathic were both associated with spending less time fixating on faces [.34 < |r| < .55, p < .05]. Conclusions These results suggest that adults with ASD may be less sensitive to, or have more difficulty processing, dynamic cues—particularly those conveyed in faces. The findings demonstrate the importance of using dynamic displays in studies involving this clinical population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Links between traits associated with the broad autism phenotype and empathy and young adults’ ability to decode speaker intentionality / Lorna S. JAKOBSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 50 (June 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 50 (June 2018) . - p.11-21 Titre : Links between traits associated with the broad autism phenotype and empathy and young adults’ ability to decode speaker intentionality Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur ; Pauline M. PEARSON, Auteur ; Zofia KOZUB, Auteur ; Colleen HARE, Auteur ; Sarah N. RIGBY, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.11-21 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Broad autism phenotype  Empathy  Nonverbal  Social  Emotion regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Expressions of social, but not non-social, traits associated with the broad autism phenotype (BAP) have been linked with social difficulties in parents of children with a formal diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). How subclinical expression of BAP traits are related to social communication abilities in individuals in the general population is less well understood. Method We explored relationships between social and non-social BAP traits and the ability to use multimodal, nonverbal cues to infer a speaker’s intended meaning in a general sample of university students (N?=?70). Data on the empathic abilities of, and the emotion regulation strategies used by, participants were also collected. Results After controlling for verbal IQ, accuracy in labeling speakers’ intentions was positively associated with the non-social BAP trait of rigidity (an effect that past research suggests may be mediated by superior face processing ability), and with one’s drive to empathize with the thoughts and feelings of a fictional character. We suggest that being both imaginative and motivated to engage with others may have been key to participants’ success on the task. We also observed that the participants who found sarcasm, jocularity, and white lies particularly rude were those who tended to engage in more emotional suppression – a self-regulatory strategy that negatively biases the processing and expression of affect. Conclusions Together, these results expand our understanding of personality factors that influence social communication skills, and may inform future research into the role that particular symptom clusters play in the expression of ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.03.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=356 [article] Links between traits associated with the broad autism phenotype and empathy and young adults’ ability to decode speaker intentionality [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lorna S. JAKOBSON, Auteur ; Pauline M. PEARSON, Auteur ; Zofia KOZUB, Auteur ; Colleen HARE, Auteur ; Sarah N. RIGBY, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.11-21. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 50 (June 2018) . - p.11-21 Mots-clés : Broad autism phenotype  Empathy  Nonverbal  Social  Emotion regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Expressions of social, but not non-social, traits associated with the broad autism phenotype (BAP) have been linked with social difficulties in parents of children with a formal diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). How subclinical expression of BAP traits are related to social communication abilities in individuals in the general population is less well understood. Method We explored relationships between social and non-social BAP traits and the ability to use multimodal, nonverbal cues to infer a speaker’s intended meaning in a general sample of university students (N?=?70). Data on the empathic abilities of, and the emotion regulation strategies used by, participants were also collected. Results After controlling for verbal IQ, accuracy in labeling speakers’ intentions was positively associated with the non-social BAP trait of rigidity (an effect that past research suggests may be mediated by superior face processing ability), and with one’s drive to empathize with the thoughts and feelings of a fictional character. We suggest that being both imaginative and motivated to engage with others may have been key to participants’ success on the task. We also observed that the participants who found sarcasm, jocularity, and white lies particularly rude were those who tended to engage in more emotional suppression – a self-regulatory strategy that negatively biases the processing and expression of affect. Conclusions Together, these results expand our understanding of personality factors that influence social communication skills, and may inform future research into the role that particular symptom clusters play in the expression of ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.03.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=356

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