Goal prediction in 2-year-old children with and without autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking study / S. KROGH-JESPERSEN in Autism Research, 11-6 (June 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-6 (June 2018) . - p.870-882 Titre : Goal prediction in 2-year-old children with and without autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. KROGH-JESPERSEN, Auteur ; Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur ; A. G. VALADEZ, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; A. L. WOODWARD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.870-882 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  eye-tracking  goal prediction speed  goal-based action predictions  infants  prospective reasoning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the predictive reasoning abilities of typically developing (TD) infants and 2-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in an eye-tracking paradigm. Participants watched a video of a goal-directed action in which a human actor reached for and grasped one of two objects. At test, the objects switched locations. Across these events, we measured: visual anticipation of the action outcome with kinematic cues (i.e., a completed reaching behavior); goal prediction of the action outcome without kinematic cues (i.e., an incomplete reach); and latencies to generate predictions across these two tasks. Results revealed similarities in action anticipation across groups when trajectory information regarding the intended goal was present; however, when predicting the goal without kinematic cues, developmental and diagnostic differences became evident. Younger TD children generated goal-based visual predictions, whereas older TD children were not systematic in their visual predictions. In contrast to both TD groups, children with ASD generated location-based predictions, suggesting that their visual predictions may reflect visuomotor perseveration. Together, these results suggest differences in early predictive reasoning abilities. Autism Res 2018, 11: 870-882. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The current study examines the ability to generate visual predictions regarding other people's goal-directed actions, specifically reaching and grasping an object, in infants and children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Results showed no differences in abilities when movement information about a person's goal was evident; however, differences were evident across age and clinical diagnoses when relying on previous knowledge to generate a visual prediction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1936 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=366 [article] Goal prediction in 2-year-old children with and without autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. KROGH-JESPERSEN, Auteur ; Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur ; A. G. VALADEZ, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; A. L. WOODWARD, Auteur . - p.870-882. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-6 (June 2018) . - p.870-882 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  eye-tracking  goal prediction speed  goal-based action predictions  infants  prospective reasoning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the predictive reasoning abilities of typically developing (TD) infants and 2-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in an eye-tracking paradigm. Participants watched a video of a goal-directed action in which a human actor reached for and grasped one of two objects. At test, the objects switched locations. Across these events, we measured: visual anticipation of the action outcome with kinematic cues (i.e., a completed reaching behavior); goal prediction of the action outcome without kinematic cues (i.e., an incomplete reach); and latencies to generate predictions across these two tasks. Results revealed similarities in action anticipation across groups when trajectory information regarding the intended goal was present; however, when predicting the goal without kinematic cues, developmental and diagnostic differences became evident. Younger TD children generated goal-based visual predictions, whereas older TD children were not systematic in their visual predictions. In contrast to both TD groups, children with ASD generated location-based predictions, suggesting that their visual predictions may reflect visuomotor perseveration. Together, these results suggest differences in early predictive reasoning abilities. Autism Res 2018, 11: 870-882. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The current study examines the ability to generate visual predictions regarding other people's goal-directed actions, specifically reaching and grasping an object, in infants and children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Results showed no differences in abilities when movement information about a person's goal was evident; however, differences were evident across age and clinical diagnoses when relying on previous knowledge to generate a visual prediction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1936 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=366

Seeing a Page in a Flipbook: Shorter Visual Temporal Integration Windows in 2-Year-Old Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Julie FRESCHL in Autism Research, 14-5 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.946-958 Titre : Seeing a Page in a Flipbook: Shorter Visual Temporal Integration Windows in 2-Year-Old Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julie FRESCHL, Auteur ; David MELCHER, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur ; Erik BLASER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.946-958 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  integration  segmentation  temporal integration window  toddlers  visual temporal processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience differences in visual temporal processing, the part of vision responsible for parsing continuous input into discrete objects and events. Here we investigated temporal processing in 2-year-old toddlers diagnosed with ASD and age-matched typically developing (TD) toddlers. We used a visual search task where the visibility of the target was determined by the pace of a display sequence. On integration trials, each display viewed alone had no visible target, but if integrated over time, the target became visible. On segmentation trials, the target became visible only when displays were perceptually segmented. We measured the percent of trials when participants fixated the target as a function of the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between displays. We computed the crossover point of the integration and segmentation performance functions for each group, an estimate of the temporal integration window (TIW), the period in which visual input is combined. We found that both groups of toddlers had significantly longer TIWs (125?ms) than adults (65?ms) from previous studies using the same paradigm, and that toddlers with ASD had significantly shorter TIWs (108?ms) than chronologically age-matched TD controls (142?ms). LAY SUMMARY: We investigated how young children, with and without autism, organize dynamic visual information across time, using a visual search paradigm. We found that toddlers with autism had higher temporal resolution than typically developing (TD) toddlers of the same age - that is, they are more likely to be able to detect rapid change across time, relative to TD toddlers. These differences in visual temporal processing can impact how one sees, interprets, and interacts with the world. Autism Res 2021, 14: 946-958. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2430 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Seeing a Page in a Flipbook: Shorter Visual Temporal Integration Windows in 2-Year-Old Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julie FRESCHL, Auteur ; David MELCHER, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur ; Erik BLASER, Auteur . - p.946-958. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.946-958 Mots-clés : autism  integration  segmentation  temporal integration window  toddlers  visual temporal processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience differences in visual temporal processing, the part of vision responsible for parsing continuous input into discrete objects and events. Here we investigated temporal processing in 2-year-old toddlers diagnosed with ASD and age-matched typically developing (TD) toddlers. We used a visual search task where the visibility of the target was determined by the pace of a display sequence. On integration trials, each display viewed alone had no visible target, but if integrated over time, the target became visible. On segmentation trials, the target became visible only when displays were perceptually segmented. We measured the percent of trials when participants fixated the target as a function of the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between displays. We computed the crossover point of the integration and segmentation performance functions for each group, an estimate of the temporal integration window (TIW), the period in which visual input is combined. We found that both groups of toddlers had significantly longer TIWs (125?ms) than adults (65?ms) from previous studies using the same paradigm, and that toddlers with ASD had significantly shorter TIWs (108?ms) than chronologically age-matched TD controls (142?ms). LAY SUMMARY: We investigated how young children, with and without autism, organize dynamic visual information across time, using a visual search paradigm. We found that toddlers with autism had higher temporal resolution than typically developing (TD) toddlers of the same age - that is, they are more likely to be able to detect rapid change across time, relative to TD toddlers. These differences in visual temporal processing can impact how one sees, interprets, and interacts with the world. Autism Res 2021, 14: 946-958. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2430 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

The Mechanisms Underlying the ASD Advantage in Visual Search / Zsuzsa KALDY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-5 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-5 (May 2016) . - p.1513-1527 Titre : The Mechanisms Underlying the ASD Advantage in Visual Search Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur ; Ivy GISERMAN, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Erik BLASER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1513-1527 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD advantage  Visual search  Over-focusing  Phasic attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A number of studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are faster or more successful than typically developing control participants at various visual-attentional tasks (for reviews, see Dakin and Frith in Neuron 48:497–507, 2005; Simmons et al. in Vis Res 49:2705–2739, 2009). This “ASD advantage” was first identified in the domain of visual search by Plaisted et al. (J Child Psychol Psychiatry 39:777–783, 1998). Here we survey the findings of visual search studies from the past 15 years that contrasted the performance of individuals with and without ASD. Although there are some minor caveats, the overall consensus is that—across development and a broad range of symptom severity—individuals with ASD reliably outperform controls on visual search. The etiology of the ASD advantage has not been formally specified, but has been commonly attributed to ‘enhanced perceptual discrimination’, a superior ability to visually discriminate between targets and distractors in such tasks (e.g. O’Riordan in Cognition 77:81–96, 2000). As well, there is considerable evidence for impairments of the attentional network in ASD (for a review, see Keehn et al. in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 37:164–183, 2013). We discuss some recent results from our laboratory that support an attentional, rather than perceptual explanation for the ASD advantage in visual search. We speculate that this new conceptualization may offer a better understanding of some of the behavioral symptoms associated with ASD, such as over-focusing and restricted interests. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1957-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288 [article] The Mechanisms Underlying the ASD Advantage in Visual Search [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur ; Ivy GISERMAN, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Erik BLASER, Auteur . - p.1513-1527. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-5 (May 2016) . - p.1513-1527 Mots-clés : ASD advantage  Visual search  Over-focusing  Phasic attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A number of studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are faster or more successful than typically developing control participants at various visual-attentional tasks (for reviews, see Dakin and Frith in Neuron 48:497–507, 2005; Simmons et al. in Vis Res 49:2705–2739, 2009). This “ASD advantage” was first identified in the domain of visual search by Plaisted et al. (J Child Psychol Psychiatry 39:777–783, 1998). Here we survey the findings of visual search studies from the past 15 years that contrasted the performance of individuals with and without ASD. Although there are some minor caveats, the overall consensus is that—across development and a broad range of symptom severity—individuals with ASD reliably outperform controls on visual search. The etiology of the ASD advantage has not been formally specified, but has been commonly attributed to ‘enhanced perceptual discrimination’, a superior ability to visually discriminate between targets and distractors in such tasks (e.g. O’Riordan in Cognition 77:81–96, 2000). As well, there is considerable evidence for impairments of the attentional network in ASD (for a review, see Keehn et al. in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 37:164–183, 2013). We discuss some recent results from our laboratory that support an attentional, rather than perceptual explanation for the ASD advantage in visual search. We speculate that this new conceptualization may offer a better understanding of some of the behavioral symptoms associated with ASD, such as over-focusing and restricted interests. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1957-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288

Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder Can Use Language to Update Their Expectations About the World / A. FITCH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-2 (February 2019) . - p.429-440 Titre : Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder Can Use Language to Update Their Expectations About the World Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. FITCH, Auteur ; A. VALADEZ, Auteur ; P. A. GANEA, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.429-440 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Language comprehension  Receptive language  Representations  Updating Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined if two-year-olds with ASD can update mental representations on the basis of verbal input. In an eye-tracking study, toddlers with ASD and typically-developing nonverbal age-matched controls were exposed to visual or verbal information about a change in a recently encoded scene, followed by an outcome that was either congruent or incongruent with that information. Findings revealed that both groups looked longer at incongruent outcomes, regardless of information modality, and despite the fact that toddlers with ASD had significantly lower measured verbal abilities than TD toddlers. This demonstrates that, although there is heterogeneity on the individual level, young toddlers with ASD can succeed in updating their mental representations on the basis of verbal input in a low-demand task. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3706-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=381 [article] Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder Can Use Language to Update Their Expectations About the World [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. FITCH, Auteur ; A. VALADEZ, Auteur ; P. A. GANEA, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur . - p.429-440. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-2 (February 2019) . - p.429-440 Mots-clés : Language comprehension  Receptive language  Representations  Updating Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined if two-year-olds with ASD can update mental representations on the basis of verbal input. In an eye-tracking study, toddlers with ASD and typically-developing nonverbal age-matched controls were exposed to visual or verbal information about a change in a recently encoded scene, followed by an outcome that was either congruent or incongruent with that information. Findings revealed that both groups looked longer at incongruent outcomes, regardless of information modality, and despite the fact that toddlers with ASD had significantly lower measured verbal abilities than TD toddlers. This demonstrates that, although there is heterogeneity on the individual level, young toddlers with ASD can succeed in updating their mental representations on the basis of verbal input in a low-demand task. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3706-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=381

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