Brief report: A proof of concept study of altered magnocellular responses in autism spectrum disorder as assessed by contrasts functions for reversing checkerboards / Jeffrey J. HUTSLER in Research in Autism, 123 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism > 123 (May 2025) . - 202573 Titre : Brief report: A proof of concept study of altered magnocellular responses in autism spectrum disorder as assessed by contrasts functions for reversing checkerboards Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeffrey J. HUTSLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 202573 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Visual evoked potentials (VEP)  N75  P100  Peak amplitude  Peak latency  Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Alterations to early visual processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may impact cognitive abilities and could serve as a potential neuromarker before behavioral symptoms appear. Behavioral research has suggested that visual alterations are linked to abnormalities in the magnocellular pathway. Methods Visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) were used to investigate early visual processing in adolescents with ASD. Two different-sized checkerboards (1° and .25°) displayed at four contrast levels (.025, .05, .1, and .98) were presented to seven ASD and eight neurotypical (NT) male subjects, between the ages of 10 to 15 years old. Peak amplitude and latency from the two earliest components-the N75 and P100-were analyzed. Results N75 amplitudes were largest at the highest contrast levels for both the small and large check sizes and did not differ according to diagnosis. For the P100, the ASD group consistently showed larger amplitudes than the NT subjects (p = .035), but there were no significant main effects or interactions involving diagnosis. Still, large effect sizes were found between ASD and NT subjects (d =.79-1.2) at the largest check size presented at lower contrast values. Latency differences between the subject groups were nonsignificant. Conclusions Group differences were most apparent at lower contrasts and large check sizes, pointing to a potential problem with early visual processing in the magnocellular pathway. Although additional research and a larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings, simple sensory measures may be useful as an indicator of ASD risk before the appearance of behavioral symptoms. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556 [article] Brief report: A proof of concept study of altered magnocellular responses in autism spectrum disorder as assessed by contrasts functions for reversing checkerboards [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeffrey J. HUTSLER, Auteur . - 202573. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism > 123 (May 2025) . - 202573 Mots-clés : Visual evoked potentials (VEP)  N75  P100  Peak amplitude  Peak latency  Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Alterations to early visual processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may impact cognitive abilities and could serve as a potential neuromarker before behavioral symptoms appear. Behavioral research has suggested that visual alterations are linked to abnormalities in the magnocellular pathway. Methods Visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) were used to investigate early visual processing in adolescents with ASD. Two different-sized checkerboards (1° and .25°) displayed at four contrast levels (.025, .05, .1, and .98) were presented to seven ASD and eight neurotypical (NT) male subjects, between the ages of 10 to 15 years old. Peak amplitude and latency from the two earliest components-the N75 and P100-were analyzed. Results N75 amplitudes were largest at the highest contrast levels for both the small and large check sizes and did not differ according to diagnosis. For the P100, the ASD group consistently showed larger amplitudes than the NT subjects (p = .035), but there were no significant main effects or interactions involving diagnosis. Still, large effect sizes were found between ASD and NT subjects (d =.79-1.2) at the largest check size presented at lower contrast values. Latency differences between the subject groups were nonsignificant. Conclusions Group differences were most apparent at lower contrasts and large check sizes, pointing to a potential problem with early visual processing in the magnocellular pathway. Although additional research and a larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings, simple sensory measures may be useful as an indicator of ASD risk before the appearance of behavioral symptoms. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556

Two-dimensional analysis of the supragranular layers in autism spectrum disorder / Aaron T. KARST in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 32 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 32 (December 2016) . - p.96-105 Titre : Two-dimensional analysis of the supragranular layers in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aaron T. KARST, Auteur ; Jeffrey J. HUTSLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.96-105 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  Autism  Cerebral cortex  Neuroanatomy  Supragranular Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Neurons in the supragranular layers of the human cerebral cortex play an important role in long-range cortico-cortical connections. Alterations to these layers are of special interest in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as they could play a significant role in altered connectivity between distal regions of cortex. The present study isolated sampling boxes through the use of an automated boundary identification technique. A two-dimensional analysis of the Nissl-stained tissue was then performed to examine whether differences in cell size and number are present in ASD tissue. The analysis focused on layers II and III of association cortex sampled from frontal (BA9), temporal (BA21), and parietal (BA7) regions. In previous studies, both BA9 and BA21 have been linked to alterations in cortical connectivity in ASD. Aside from the expected differences between cortical layers and regions, data analysis revealed that ASD tissue possessed a higher density of cells, the magnitude of which was layer dependent, and that the cell profiles were of a smaller size. The results of this study suggest that cellular abnormalities with respect to cell size and number are present in multiple areas of association cortex, specifically within layers that are involved in long-range connectivity. Additionally, the results comport with previous findings of altered cortical minicolumns in frontal and temporal areas and further suggest that similar irregularities may also be present in parietal areas. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.09.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=296 [article] Two-dimensional analysis of the supragranular layers in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aaron T. KARST, Auteur ; Jeffrey J. HUTSLER, Auteur . - p.96-105. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 32 (December 2016) . - p.96-105 Mots-clés : ASD  Autism  Cerebral cortex  Neuroanatomy  Supragranular Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Neurons in the supragranular layers of the human cerebral cortex play an important role in long-range cortico-cortical connections. Alterations to these layers are of special interest in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as they could play a significant role in altered connectivity between distal regions of cortex. The present study isolated sampling boxes through the use of an automated boundary identification technique. A two-dimensional analysis of the Nissl-stained tissue was then performed to examine whether differences in cell size and number are present in ASD tissue. The analysis focused on layers II and III of association cortex sampled from frontal (BA9), temporal (BA21), and parietal (BA7) regions. In previous studies, both BA9 and BA21 have been linked to alterations in cortical connectivity in ASD. Aside from the expected differences between cortical layers and regions, data analysis revealed that ASD tissue possessed a higher density of cells, the magnitude of which was layer dependent, and that the cell profiles were of a smaller size. The results of this study suggest that cellular abnormalities with respect to cell size and number are present in multiple areas of association cortex, specifically within layers that are involved in long-range connectivity. Additionally, the results comport with previous findings of altered cortical minicolumns in frontal and temporal areas and further suggest that similar irregularities may also be present in parietal areas. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.09.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=296

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