Association testing of vasopressin receptor 1a microsatellite polymorphisms in non-clinical autism spectrum phenotypes / Tanya L. PROCYSHYN in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.750-756 Titre : Association testing of vasopressin receptor 1a microsatellite polymorphisms in non-clinical autism spectrum phenotypes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tanya L. PROCYSHYN, Auteur ; Peter L. HURD, Auteur ; Bernard CRESPI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.750-756 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention  autism quotient  autism spectrum  avpr1a  microsatellite analysis  rs1  rs3  vasopressin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Variation in the AVPR1a gene, which codes for a receptor for the neurohormone vasopressin, has been found to relate to autism risk. Interestingly, variation in this gene also relates to differences in social behaviour in non-clinical populations. Variation in this gene may affect expression of AVPR1a receptors in brain areas involved in social behaviour. Here, we tested whether AVPR1a variation was associated with Autism Quotient (AQ) scores, a questionnaire that measures non-clinical manifestations of autism, in a population of 873 healthy university students. The AVPR1a RS1 and RS3 microsatellites were examined, and variants were categorized as “long” or “short”. The RS3 long/long genotype was significantly associated with a higher AQ score (i.e., a more autistic-like phenotype) for the combined population and for females only. Further examination showed that this relationship was due to a specific RS3 variant, termed the “target allele”, which previous research has linked to reduced altruism and increased marital problems in healthy individuals. We also observed that the relationship between RS3 genotype and AQ score was mainly due to the “attention switching” (the ability to shift attention from one task to another) component of the questionnaire; this ability is commonly impaired in autism spectrum disorders. Overall, our study establishes continuity between the existing AVPR1a research in clinical and non-clinical populations. Our results suggest that vasopressin may exert its effects on social behaviour in part by modulating attentional focus between social and non-social cues. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1716 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 [article] Association testing of vasopressin receptor 1a microsatellite polymorphisms in non-clinical autism spectrum phenotypes [texte imprimé] / Tanya L. PROCYSHYN, Auteur ; Peter L. HURD, Auteur ; Bernard CRESPI, Auteur . - p.750-756. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.750-756 Mots-clés : attention  autism quotient  autism spectrum  avpr1a  microsatellite analysis  rs1  rs3  vasopressin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Variation in the AVPR1a gene, which codes for a receptor for the neurohormone vasopressin, has been found to relate to autism risk. Interestingly, variation in this gene also relates to differences in social behaviour in non-clinical populations. Variation in this gene may affect expression of AVPR1a receptors in brain areas involved in social behaviour. Here, we tested whether AVPR1a variation was associated with Autism Quotient (AQ) scores, a questionnaire that measures non-clinical manifestations of autism, in a population of 873 healthy university students. The AVPR1a RS1 and RS3 microsatellites were examined, and variants were categorized as “long” or “short”. The RS3 long/long genotype was significantly associated with a higher AQ score (i.e., a more autistic-like phenotype) for the combined population and for females only. Further examination showed that this relationship was due to a specific RS3 variant, termed the “target allele”, which previous research has linked to reduced altruism and increased marital problems in healthy individuals. We also observed that the relationship between RS3 genotype and AQ score was mainly due to the “attention switching” (the ability to shift attention from one task to another) component of the questionnaire; this ability is commonly impaired in autism spectrum disorders. Overall, our study establishes continuity between the existing AVPR1a research in clinical and non-clinical populations. Our results suggest that vasopressin may exert its effects on social behaviour in part by modulating attentional focus between social and non-social cues. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1716 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307

Changing perspectives on autism: Overlapping contributions of evolutionary psychiatry and the neurodiversity movement / Adam D. HUNT in Autism Research, 17-3 (March 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-3 (March 2024) . - p.459-466 Titre : Changing perspectives on autism: Overlapping contributions of evolutionary psychiatry and the neurodiversity movement Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Adam D. HUNT, Auteur ; Tanya L. PROCYSHYN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.459-466 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Perspectives on autism and psychiatric conditions are affected by a mix of scientific and social influences. Evolutionary psychiatry (EP) and the neurodiversity movement are emerging paradigms that reflect these distinct influences, with the former grounded in scientific theory and the latter driven by political and social principles. Despite their separate foundations, there is a significant overlap between EP and neurodiversity that has not been explored. Specifically, both paradigms reframe disorders as natural cognitive differences rather than disease; expand the concept of "normal" beyond that implied in modern psychiatry; focus on relative strengths; recognize that modern environments disadvantage certain individuals to cause functional impairment; emphasize cognitive variation being socially accommodated and integrated rather than treated or cured; and can help reduce stigmatization. However, in other ways, they are distinct and sometimes in conflict. EP emphasizes scientific explanation, defines "dysfunction" in objective terms, and differentiates heterogenous cases based on underlying causes (e.g. autism due to de novo genetic mutations). The neurodiversity movement emphasizes social action, removes barriers to inclusion, promotes inclusive language, and allows unrestricted identification as neurodivergent. By comparing and contrasting these two approaches, we find that EP can, to some extent, support the goals of neurodiversity. In particular, EP perspectives could be convincing to groups more responsive to scientific evidence and help achieve a middle ground between neurodiversity advocates and critics of the movement. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3078 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Changing perspectives on autism: Overlapping contributions of evolutionary psychiatry and the neurodiversity movement [texte imprimé] / Adam D. HUNT, Auteur ; Tanya L. PROCYSHYN, Auteur . - p.459-466. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-3 (March 2024) . - p.459-466 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Perspectives on autism and psychiatric conditions are affected by a mix of scientific and social influences. Evolutionary psychiatry (EP) and the neurodiversity movement are emerging paradigms that reflect these distinct influences, with the former grounded in scientific theory and the latter driven by political and social principles. Despite their separate foundations, there is a significant overlap between EP and neurodiversity that has not been explored. Specifically, both paradigms reframe disorders as natural cognitive differences rather than disease; expand the concept of "normal" beyond that implied in modern psychiatry; focus on relative strengths; recognize that modern environments disadvantage certain individuals to cause functional impairment; emphasize cognitive variation being socially accommodated and integrated rather than treated or cured; and can help reduce stigmatization. However, in other ways, they are distinct and sometimes in conflict. EP emphasizes scientific explanation, defines "dysfunction" in objective terms, and differentiates heterogenous cases based on underlying causes (e.g. autism due to de novo genetic mutations). The neurodiversity movement emphasizes social action, removes barriers to inclusion, promotes inclusive language, and allows unrestricted identification as neurodivergent. By comparing and contrasting these two approaches, we find that EP can, to some extent, support the goals of neurodiversity. In particular, EP perspectives could be convincing to groups more responsive to scientific evidence and help achieve a middle ground between neurodiversity advocates and critics of the movement. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3078 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Effects of oxytocin administration on salivary sex hormone levels in autistic and neurotypical women / Tanya L. PROCYSHYN in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 20 p. Titre : Effects of oxytocin administration on salivary sex hormone levels in autistic and neurotypical women Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tanya L. PROCYSHYN, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Sarah K. CROCKFORD, Auteur ; J. DEAKIN, Auteur ; S. SOUBRAMANIAN, Auteur ; A. SULE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Richard A.I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur Article en page(s) : 20 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Autistic women  Oestradiol  Oxytocin  Salivary hormone levels  Sex steroids  Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Oxytocin administration, which may be of therapeutic value for individuals with social difficulties, is likely to affect endogenous levels of other socially relevant hormones. However, to date, the effects of oxytocin administration on endogenous hormones have only been examined in neurotypical individuals. The need to consider multi-hormone interactions is particularly warranted in oxytocin trials for autism due to evidence of irregularities in both oxytocin and sex steroid systems. METHODS: In this double-blind cross-over study, saliva samples were collected from 16 autistic and 29 neurotypical women before and after intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin or placebo. Oestradiol, testosterone, and oxytocin levels were quantified in saliva samples. Participants also completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Empathy Quotient (EQ) questionnaires. RESULTS: Distinct patterns of change in testosterone and oestradiol levels pre- to-post-administration were observed in autistic relative to neurotypical women (ANCOVA, p < 0.05 main effect of Group), controlling for sample collection time. The mean percent change oestradiol was + 8.8% for the autism group and - 13.0% for the neurotypical group (t = 1.81, p = 0.08), while the mean percent change testosterone was + 1.1% in the autism group and - 12.6% in the neurotypical group (t = 1.26, p = 0.22). In the oxytocin condition, the mean percent change oestradiol was + 12.6% in the autism group and - 6.9% in the neurotypical group (t = 1.78, p = 0.08), while the mean percent change testosterone was + 14.4% in the autism group and - 15.2% in the neurotypical group (t = 3.00, p = 0.006). Robust regression confirmed that group differences in percent change hormone levels were not driven by a small number of influential individuals. Baseline hormone levels did not differ between groups when considered individually. However, baseline testosterone relative to oestradiol (T:E2 ratio) was higher in autistic women (p = 0.023, Cohen's d = 0.63), and this ratio correlated positively and negatively with AQ and EQ scores, respectively, in the combined sample. LIMITATIONS: Further studies with larger and more diverse autistic sample are warranted to confirm these effects. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that oxytocin influences endogenous testosterone levels in autistic individuals, with autistic women showing increases similar to previous reports of neurotypical men. These findings highlight the need to consider sex steroid hormones as a variable in future oxytocin trials. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00326-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427 [article] Effects of oxytocin administration on salivary sex hormone levels in autistic and neurotypical women [texte imprimé] / Tanya L. PROCYSHYN, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Sarah K. CROCKFORD, Auteur ; J. DEAKIN, Auteur ; S. SOUBRAMANIAN, Auteur ; A. SULE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Richard A.I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur . - 20 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 20 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Autistic women  Oestradiol  Oxytocin  Salivary hormone levels  Sex steroids  Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Oxytocin administration, which may be of therapeutic value for individuals with social difficulties, is likely to affect endogenous levels of other socially relevant hormones. However, to date, the effects of oxytocin administration on endogenous hormones have only been examined in neurotypical individuals. The need to consider multi-hormone interactions is particularly warranted in oxytocin trials for autism due to evidence of irregularities in both oxytocin and sex steroid systems. METHODS: In this double-blind cross-over study, saliva samples were collected from 16 autistic and 29 neurotypical women before and after intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin or placebo. Oestradiol, testosterone, and oxytocin levels were quantified in saliva samples. Participants also completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Empathy Quotient (EQ) questionnaires. RESULTS: Distinct patterns of change in testosterone and oestradiol levels pre- to-post-administration were observed in autistic relative to neurotypical women (ANCOVA, p < 0.05 main effect of Group), controlling for sample collection time. The mean percent change oestradiol was + 8.8% for the autism group and - 13.0% for the neurotypical group (t = 1.81, p = 0.08), while the mean percent change testosterone was + 1.1% in the autism group and - 12.6% in the neurotypical group (t = 1.26, p = 0.22). In the oxytocin condition, the mean percent change oestradiol was + 12.6% in the autism group and - 6.9% in the neurotypical group (t = 1.78, p = 0.08), while the mean percent change testosterone was + 14.4% in the autism group and - 15.2% in the neurotypical group (t = 3.00, p = 0.006). Robust regression confirmed that group differences in percent change hormone levels were not driven by a small number of influential individuals. Baseline hormone levels did not differ between groups when considered individually. However, baseline testosterone relative to oestradiol (T:E2 ratio) was higher in autistic women (p = 0.023, Cohen's d = 0.63), and this ratio correlated positively and negatively with AQ and EQ scores, respectively, in the combined sample. LIMITATIONS: Further studies with larger and more diverse autistic sample are warranted to confirm these effects. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that oxytocin influences endogenous testosterone levels in autistic individuals, with autistic women showing increases similar to previous reports of neurotypical men. These findings highlight the need to consider sex steroid hormones as a variable in future oxytocin trials. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00326-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427

‘I did not think they could help me’: Autistic adults’ reasons for not seeking public healthcare when they last experienced suicidality / Tanya L. PROCYSHYN in Autism, 29-11 (November 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-11 (November 2025) . - p.2677-2690 Titre : ‘I did not think they could help me’: Autistic adults’ reasons for not seeking public healthcare when they last experienced suicidality Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tanya L. PROCYSHYN, Auteur ; Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Sarah J. MARSDEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Tracey PARSONS, Auteur ; Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Mirabel K. PELTON, Auteur ; Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Tanatswa CHIKAURA, Auteur ; Holly HODGES, Auteur ; David MOSSE, Auteur ; Ian HALL, Auteur ; Lewis OWENS, Auteur ; Jon CHEYETTE, Auteur ; David CRICHTON, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2677-2690 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  mental health  public health  suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : With autistic people at increased risk of dying by suicide, understanding barriers to help-seeking is crucial for suicide prevention efforts. Using an online survey designed in consultation with autistic people, we examined reasons why autistic adults living in the United Kingdom did not seek help from the National Health Service (NHS) when they last experienced suicidal thoughts or behaviours. Participants who disaffirmed help-seeking from the NHS (n = 754) were able to select from a prepopulated list of 20 reasons why and to enter their own. The three most commonly endorsed reasons were ‘I tried to cope and manage my feelings by myself’, ‘I did not think they could help me’ and ‘The waiting list is too long – no point’. Endorsement of reasons differed significantly with gender identity, age group and degree of lifetime suicidality. Four themes emerged from analysis of free-form responses: NHS is ineffective, NHS as antagonistic, Fear and consequences and Barriers to access. These findings highlight the need to foster more flexible healthcare systems capable of supporting autistic people, and that autistic people view as trustworthy and effective, to enable help-seeking behaviours with the potential to save lives.Lay abstract Autistic people are more likely than non-autistic people to think about, attempt and die by suicide. For people in crisis, public healthcare services are, in theory, a source of help. In reality, many non-autistic people do not seek help from healthcare services. We wanted to understand why autistic people living in the United Kingdom may not seek help from the National Health Service (NHS) when suicidal and if these reasons differed by characteristics like age and gender. This study tried to answer these questions using responses from a survey co-designed with autistic people about various aspects of suicidal experiences. Participants were able to select from a list of 20 reasons and enter their own explanations (free-form responses) why they did not seek NHS support when suicidal. Our findings show that the most common reasons were that people tried to cope and manage by themselves; they did not think the NHS could help; and they thought the waiting list was too long. Reasons for not seeking help differed by age and gender, as well as lifetime history of suicidal thoughts and behaviour. For example, cisgender women and transgender/gender-divergent participants were more likely to say that previous bad experiences with the NHS prevented them from seeking help, and people with experience of suicide attempts were more likely to have been turned away by the NHS in the past. The free-form responses showed that many participants believed the NHS was ineffective, had previously had negative experiences with the NHS, worried about the consequences of help-seeking and experienced barriers that prevented help-seeking. This work highlights the crucial change and work required to make the NHS safe and accessible for autistic people so they can reach out for help when suicidal. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251370789 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=570 [article] ‘I did not think they could help me’: Autistic adults’ reasons for not seeking public healthcare when they last experienced suicidality [texte imprimé] / Tanya L. PROCYSHYN, Auteur ; Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Sarah J. MARSDEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Tracey PARSONS, Auteur ; Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Mirabel K. PELTON, Auteur ; Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Tanatswa CHIKAURA, Auteur ; Holly HODGES, Auteur ; David MOSSE, Auteur ; Ian HALL, Auteur ; Lewis OWENS, Auteur ; Jon CHEYETTE, Auteur ; David CRICHTON, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.2677-2690. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-11 (November 2025) . - p.2677-2690 Mots-clés : autism  mental health  public health  suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : With autistic people at increased risk of dying by suicide, understanding barriers to help-seeking is crucial for suicide prevention efforts. Using an online survey designed in consultation with autistic people, we examined reasons why autistic adults living in the United Kingdom did not seek help from the National Health Service (NHS) when they last experienced suicidal thoughts or behaviours. Participants who disaffirmed help-seeking from the NHS (n = 754) were able to select from a prepopulated list of 20 reasons why and to enter their own. The three most commonly endorsed reasons were ‘I tried to cope and manage my feelings by myself’, ‘I did not think they could help me’ and ‘The waiting list is too long – no point’. Endorsement of reasons differed significantly with gender identity, age group and degree of lifetime suicidality. Four themes emerged from analysis of free-form responses: NHS is ineffective, NHS as antagonistic, Fear and consequences and Barriers to access. These findings highlight the need to foster more flexible healthcare systems capable of supporting autistic people, and that autistic people view as trustworthy and effective, to enable help-seeking behaviours with the potential to save lives.Lay abstract Autistic people are more likely than non-autistic people to think about, attempt and die by suicide. For people in crisis, public healthcare services are, in theory, a source of help. In reality, many non-autistic people do not seek help from healthcare services. We wanted to understand why autistic people living in the United Kingdom may not seek help from the National Health Service (NHS) when suicidal and if these reasons differed by characteristics like age and gender. This study tried to answer these questions using responses from a survey co-designed with autistic people about various aspects of suicidal experiences. Participants were able to select from a list of 20 reasons and enter their own explanations (free-form responses) why they did not seek NHS support when suicidal. Our findings show that the most common reasons were that people tried to cope and manage by themselves; they did not think the NHS could help; and they thought the waiting list was too long. Reasons for not seeking help differed by age and gender, as well as lifetime history of suicidal thoughts and behaviour. For example, cisgender women and transgender/gender-divergent participants were more likely to say that previous bad experiences with the NHS prevented them from seeking help, and people with experience of suicide attempts were more likely to have been turned away by the NHS in the past. The free-form responses showed that many participants believed the NHS was ineffective, had previously had negative experiences with the NHS, worried about the consequences of help-seeking and experienced barriers that prevented help-seeking. This work highlights the crucial change and work required to make the NHS safe and accessible for autistic people so they can reach out for help when suicidal. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251370789 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=570

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