Counterfactual and false-belief reasoning in individuals with autism / Célia RASGA

Public ISBD in Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism / Kinga MORSANYI Titre : Counterfactual and false-belief reasoning in individuals with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Célia RASGA, Auteur ; A. Cristina QUELHAS, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Importance : p.88-112 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : This chapter focuses on the cognitive processes that underlie the well-documented difficulties in false-belief reasoning experienced by individuals with autism. It provides a brief introduction to counterfactual thinking in typically developing individuals and to some of the differences in counterfactual thinking in children and adults with autism. The chapter discusses the idea that counterfactual thinking is an important ingredient in false-belief reasoning in typically developing children. It proposes that a crucial feature of counterfactual thoughts is that they enable people to view an event in different ways – the way the event actually happened, and some of the various ways in which it could have happened differently. The chapter argues that the differences observed in the way in which individuals with autism engage in counterfactual thinking provide an important clue to understanding their difficulties in false-belief reasoning. Counterfactual imagination may be an essential ingredient in the development of false-belief reasoning. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418 in Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism / Kinga MORSANYI Counterfactual and false-belief reasoning in individuals with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Célia RASGA, Auteur ; A. Cristina QUELHAS, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.88-112. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : This chapter focuses on the cognitive processes that underlie the well-documented difficulties in false-belief reasoning experienced by individuals with autism. It provides a brief introduction to counterfactual thinking in typically developing individuals and to some of the differences in counterfactual thinking in children and adults with autism. The chapter discusses the idea that counterfactual thinking is an important ingredient in false-belief reasoning in typically developing children. It proposes that a crucial feature of counterfactual thoughts is that they enable people to view an event in different ways – the way the event actually happened, and some of the various ways in which it could have happened differently. The chapter argues that the differences observed in the way in which individuals with autism engage in counterfactual thinking provide an important clue to understanding their difficulties in false-belief reasoning. Counterfactual imagination may be an essential ingredient in the development of false-belief reasoning. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418

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How Children with Autism Reason about Other’s Intentions: False-Belief and Counterfactual Inferences / Célia RASGA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-6 (June 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-6 (June 2017) . - p.1806-1817 Titre : How Children with Autism Reason about Other’s Intentions: False-Belief and Counterfactual Inferences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Célia RASGA, Auteur ; Ana Cristina QUELHAS, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1806-1817 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reasoning  Counterfactuals  False beliefs  Intentions  Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examine false belief and counterfactual reasoning in children with autism with a new change-of-intentions task. Children listened to stories, for example, Anne is picking up toys and John hears her say she wants to find her ball. John goes away and the reason for Anne’s action changes—Anne’s mother tells her to tidy her bedroom. We asked, ‘What will John believe is the reason that Anne is picking up toys?’ which requires a false-belief inference, and ‘If Anne’s mother hadn’t asked Anne to tidy her room, what would have been the reason she was picking up toys?’ which requires a counterfactual inference. We tested children aged 6, 8 and 10 years. Children with autism made fewer correct inferences than typically developing children at 8 years, but by 10 years there was no difference. Children with autism made fewer correct false-belief than counterfactual inferences, just like typically developing children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3107-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308 [article] How Children with Autism Reason about Other’s Intentions: False-Belief and Counterfactual Inferences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Célia RASGA, Auteur ; Ana Cristina QUELHAS, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur . - p.1806-1817. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-6 (June 2017) . - p.1806-1817 Mots-clés : Reasoning  Counterfactuals  False beliefs  Intentions  Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examine false belief and counterfactual reasoning in children with autism with a new change-of-intentions task. Children listened to stories, for example, Anne is picking up toys and John hears her say she wants to find her ball. John goes away and the reason for Anne’s action changes—Anne’s mother tells her to tidy her bedroom. We asked, ‘What will John believe is the reason that Anne is picking up toys?’ which requires a false-belief inference, and ‘If Anne’s mother hadn’t asked Anne to tidy her room, what would have been the reason she was picking up toys?’ which requires a counterfactual inference. We tested children aged 6, 8 and 10 years. Children with autism made fewer correct inferences than typically developing children at 8 years, but by 10 years there was no difference. Children with autism made fewer correct false-belief than counterfactual inferences, just like typically developing children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3107-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308

How do individuals with autism think ? / Kinga MORSANYI

Public ISBD in Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism / Kinga MORSANYI Titre : How do individuals with autism think ? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Importance : p.1-12 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book focuses on decision making, imaginative thought, and pragmatic communication and inference in individuals with autism. There are many other fascinating questions about how individuals with autism think compared to typical individuals. The book suggests that individuals with autism tend not to be “lazy thinkers” and instead tend to rely on deliberative reflection. They review evidence that adults with autism are less susceptible to producing intuitive responses in decision-making and logical reasoning. The book shows that on the contrary, striking similarities are observed between individuals with autism and typical individuals in their abilities to engage in analogical thought. It presents evidence that children with autism make fewer correct counterfactual inferences than typically developing children, and they create different sorts of alternatives to reality and emphasize that pragmatic difficulties in individuals with autism are neither global nor uniform. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418 in Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism / Kinga MORSANYI How do individuals with autism think ? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.1-12. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book focuses on decision making, imaginative thought, and pragmatic communication and inference in individuals with autism. There are many other fascinating questions about how individuals with autism think compared to typical individuals. The book suggests that individuals with autism tend not to be “lazy thinkers” and instead tend to rely on deliberative reflection. They review evidence that adults with autism are less susceptible to producing intuitive responses in decision-making and logical reasoning. The book shows that on the contrary, striking similarities are observed between individuals with autism and typical individuals in their abilities to engage in analogical thought. It presents evidence that children with autism make fewer correct counterfactual inferences than typically developing children, and they create different sorts of alternatives to reality and emphasize that pragmatic difficulties in individuals with autism are neither global nor uniform. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418

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Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism / Kinga MORSANYI

Public ISBD Titre : Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur Editeur : London, [Angleterre] : Routledge Année de publication : 2019 Collection : Current issues in thinking and reasoning Importance : 161 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-138-48117-6 Note générale : Bibliogr., Index Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Raisonnement  Prise de décision Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : Thinking and Reasoning in Autism provides fresh insights into the cognitive processes that underlie some of the typical characteristics of autism. Autism has long been considered an enigma, and no single theory so far has been able to explain, or even fully describe, the key characteristics of the autistic mind. From the interdisciplinary perspective of new research in cognitive psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and neuroscience, this book explores thinking, reasoning and decision making in autism. The new cognitive approaches challenge some of the existing assumptions of the nature of thought in autism, including presumed areas of impairments. Instead, this book focuses on the nuanced array of cognitive signatures that characterize the autistic mind, and in many cases it reveals the possibility of intact performance alongside instances of remarkably enhanced thinking. The book considers the implications of these characteristics, providing in-depth analyses of specific areas of cognitive functioning, and their everyday manifestations. Featuring contributions from world-leading researchers from the fields of cognitive science and autism research, this volume will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers, as well as those working with individuals with autism spectrum disorders. [Résumé d'Auteur/Editeur] Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418 Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur . - London, [Angleterre] : Routledge, 2019 . - 161 p.. - (Current issues in thinking and reasoning) . ISBN : 978-1-138-48117-6 Bibliogr., Index Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Raisonnement  Prise de décision Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : Thinking and Reasoning in Autism provides fresh insights into the cognitive processes that underlie some of the typical characteristics of autism. Autism has long been considered an enigma, and no single theory so far has been able to explain, or even fully describe, the key characteristics of the autistic mind. From the interdisciplinary perspective of new research in cognitive psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and neuroscience, this book explores thinking, reasoning and decision making in autism. The new cognitive approaches challenge some of the existing assumptions of the nature of thought in autism, including presumed areas of impairments. Instead, this book focuses on the nuanced array of cognitive signatures that characterize the autistic mind, and in many cases it reveals the possibility of intact performance alongside instances of remarkably enhanced thinking. The book considers the implications of these characteristics, providing in-depth analyses of specific areas of cognitive functioning, and their everyday manifestations. Featuring contributions from world-leading researchers from the fields of cognitive science and autism research, this volume will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers, as well as those working with individuals with autism spectrum disorders. [Résumé d'Auteur/Editeur] Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418

Contenu

• How do individuals with autism think ? / Kinga MORSANYI
• The Dual Process Theory of Autism / Chris ASHWIN
• Decision-making processes of high-functioning adults on the autism spectrum / Irwin P. LEVIN
• Analogical reasoning in autism. A systematic review and meta-analysis / Kinga MORSANYI
• Counterfactual and false-belief reasoning in individuals with autism / Célia RASGA
• Pragmatic reasoning in autism / Bart GEURTS
• Reasoning and discourse coherence in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Keith STENNING

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