Anorexia nervosa and autism: a prospective twin cohort study / Lisa DINKLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-3 (March 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-3 (March 2021) . - p.316-326 Titre : Anorexia nervosa and autism: a prospective twin cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa DINKLER, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Maria RASTAM, Auteur ; Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur ; Cynthia M. BULIK, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Sebastian LUNDSTROM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.316-326 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eating disorder  anorexia nervosa  autism spectrum disorders  longitudinal studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be phenotypically and etiologically linked. However, due to the absence of prospective studies, it remains unclear whether the elevation of autistic traits in AN is evident in early childhood. Here, we prospectively investigated autistic traits before and after the first diagnosis of AN. METHODS: In a population-based sample of 5,987 individuals (52.4% female) from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, parents reported autistic traits at ages 9 and 18. AN and ASD diagnoses were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. In addition, AN diagnoses were ascertained by parent-reported treatment for AN. We compared whether individuals with and without AN differed in autistic traits before the first diagnosis of AN (age 9) and after the first diagnosis of AN (age 18). RESULTS: We did not find evidence for elevated autistic traits in 9-year-old children later diagnosed with AN. At age 18, however, there was a marked elevation in restricted/repetitive behavior and interests, but only in the subgroup of individuals with acute AN. A less pronounced elevation was observed for social communication problems. CONCLUSIONS: Coping strategies in individuals with ASD and the somewhat different female ASD phenotype may explain why we did not find elevated autistic traits in children who later developed AN. Alternatively, it is possible that elevated autistic traits were not present prior to the onset of AN, thus questioning the previously reported elevated prevalence of ASD in AN. Future studies should use tailored measurements in order to investigate whether autistic traits in individuals with AN are best conceptualized as an epiphenomenon of the acute AN phase or whether these symptoms indeed represent ASD as a clinically verifiable neurodevelopmental disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13265 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=443 [article] Anorexia nervosa and autism: a prospective twin cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa DINKLER, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Maria RASTAM, Auteur ; Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur ; Cynthia M. BULIK, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Sebastian LUNDSTROM, Auteur . - p.316-326. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-3 (March 2021) . - p.316-326 Mots-clés : Eating disorder  anorexia nervosa  autism spectrum disorders  longitudinal studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be phenotypically and etiologically linked. However, due to the absence of prospective studies, it remains unclear whether the elevation of autistic traits in AN is evident in early childhood. Here, we prospectively investigated autistic traits before and after the first diagnosis of AN. METHODS: In a population-based sample of 5,987 individuals (52.4% female) from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, parents reported autistic traits at ages 9 and 18. AN and ASD diagnoses were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. In addition, AN diagnoses were ascertained by parent-reported treatment for AN. We compared whether individuals with and without AN differed in autistic traits before the first diagnosis of AN (age 9) and after the first diagnosis of AN (age 18). RESULTS: We did not find evidence for elevated autistic traits in 9-year-old children later diagnosed with AN. At age 18, however, there was a marked elevation in restricted/repetitive behavior and interests, but only in the subgroup of individuals with acute AN. A less pronounced elevation was observed for social communication problems. CONCLUSIONS: Coping strategies in individuals with ASD and the somewhat different female ASD phenotype may explain why we did not find elevated autistic traits in children who later developed AN. Alternatively, it is possible that elevated autistic traits were not present prior to the onset of AN, thus questioning the previously reported elevated prevalence of ASD in AN. Future studies should use tailored measurements in order to investigate whether autistic traits in individuals with AN are best conceptualized as an epiphenomenon of the acute AN phase or whether these symptoms indeed represent ASD as a clinically verifiable neurodevelopmental disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13265 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=443

Maltreatment-associated neurodevelopmental disorders: a co-twin control analysis / Lisa DINKLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-6 (June 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-6 (June 2017) . - p.691-701 Titre : Maltreatment-associated neurodevelopmental disorders: a co-twin control analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa DINKLER, Auteur ; Sebastian LUNDSTROM, Auteur ; Ruchika GAJWANI, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Helen MINNIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.691-701 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child maltreatment  child abuse  neurodevelopmental disorders  behavior genetics  co-twin control design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders in childhood and adulthood. Previous findings suggest that the association between CM and psychiatric disorders is partly causal and partly due to familial confounding, but few studies have investigated the mechanisms behind the association between CM and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Our objective was to determine whether maltreated children have an elevated number of NDDs and whether CM is a risk factor for an increased NDD ‘load’ and increased NDD symptoms when controlling for familial effects. Methods We used a cross-sectional sample from a population-representative Swedish twin study, comprising 8,192 nine-year-old twins born in Sweden between 1997 and 2005. CM was defined as parent-reported exposure to emotional abuse/neglect, physical neglect, physical abuse, and/or sexual abuse. Four NDDs were measured with the Autism–Tics, AD/HD, and other comorbidities inventory. Results Maltreated children had a greater mean number of NDDs than nonmaltreated children. In a co-twin control design, CM-discordant monozygotic twins did not differ significantly for their number of NDDs, suggesting that CM is not associated with an increased load of NDDs when genetic and shared environmental factors are taken into account. However, CM was associated with a small increase in symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in CM-discordant MZ twins, although most of the covariance of CM with NDD symptoms was explained by common genetic effects. Conclusions Maltreated children are at higher risk of having multiple NDDs. Our findings are, however, not consistent with the notion that CM causes the increased NDD load in maltreated children. Maltreated children should receive a full neurodevelopmental assessment, and clinicians should be aware that children with multiple NDDs are at higher risk of maltreatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308 [article] Maltreatment-associated neurodevelopmental disorders: a co-twin control analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa DINKLER, Auteur ; Sebastian LUNDSTROM, Auteur ; Ruchika GAJWANI, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Helen MINNIS, Auteur . - p.691-701. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-6 (June 2017) . - p.691-701 Mots-clés : Child maltreatment  child abuse  neurodevelopmental disorders  behavior genetics  co-twin control design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders in childhood and adulthood. Previous findings suggest that the association between CM and psychiatric disorders is partly causal and partly due to familial confounding, but few studies have investigated the mechanisms behind the association between CM and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Our objective was to determine whether maltreated children have an elevated number of NDDs and whether CM is a risk factor for an increased NDD ‘load’ and increased NDD symptoms when controlling for familial effects. Methods We used a cross-sectional sample from a population-representative Swedish twin study, comprising 8,192 nine-year-old twins born in Sweden between 1997 and 2005. CM was defined as parent-reported exposure to emotional abuse/neglect, physical neglect, physical abuse, and/or sexual abuse. Four NDDs were measured with the Autism–Tics, AD/HD, and other comorbidities inventory. Results Maltreated children had a greater mean number of NDDs than nonmaltreated children. In a co-twin control design, CM-discordant monozygotic twins did not differ significantly for their number of NDDs, suggesting that CM is not associated with an increased load of NDDs when genetic and shared environmental factors are taken into account. However, CM was associated with a small increase in symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in CM-discordant MZ twins, although most of the covariance of CM with NDD symptoms was explained by common genetic effects. Conclusions Maltreated children are at higher risk of having multiple NDDs. Our findings are, however, not consistent with the notion that CM causes the increased NDD load in maltreated children. Maltreated children should receive a full neurodevelopmental assessment, and clinicians should be aware that children with multiple NDDs are at higher risk of maltreatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308

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