Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder / D. M. WILLIAMS in Autism Research, 11-8 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-8 (August 2018) . - p.1129-1137 Titre : Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; T. NICHOLSON, Auteur ; C. GRAINGER, Auteur ; S. E. LIND, Auteur ; P. CARRUTHERS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1129-1137 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  deception  lie detection  metacognition  mindreading  social cognition  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life and might require "mindreading" (the ability to represent others' mental states). People with diminished mindreading, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. In Experiment 1, performance among 216 neurotypical adults on a realistic lie detection paradigm was significantly negatively associated with number of ASD traits, but not with mindreading ability. Bayesian analyses complemented null hypothesis significance testing and suggested the data supported the alternative hypothesis in this key respect. Cross validation of results was achieved by randomly splitting the full sample into two subsamples of 108 and rerunning analyses. The association between lie detection and ASD traits held in both subsamples, showing the reliability of findings. In Experiment 2, lie detection was significantly impaired in 27 adults with a diagnosis of ASD relative to 27 matched comparison participants. Results suggest that people with ASD (or ASD traits) may be particularly vulnerable to manipulation and may benefit from lie detection training. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1129-1137. (c) 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life. People with diminished understanding of other minds, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. We found that lie detection ability was related to how many ASD traits neurotypical people manifested and also was significantly diminished among adults with a full diagnosis of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1962 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 [article] Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; T. NICHOLSON, Auteur ; C. GRAINGER, Auteur ; S. E. LIND, Auteur ; P. CARRUTHERS, Auteur . - p.1129-1137. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-8 (August 2018) . - p.1129-1137 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  deception  lie detection  metacognition  mindreading  social cognition  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life and might require "mindreading" (the ability to represent others' mental states). People with diminished mindreading, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. In Experiment 1, performance among 216 neurotypical adults on a realistic lie detection paradigm was significantly negatively associated with number of ASD traits, but not with mindreading ability. Bayesian analyses complemented null hypothesis significance testing and suggested the data supported the alternative hypothesis in this key respect. Cross validation of results was achieved by randomly splitting the full sample into two subsamples of 108 and rerunning analyses. The association between lie detection and ASD traits held in both subsamples, showing the reliability of findings. In Experiment 2, lie detection was significantly impaired in 27 adults with a diagnosis of ASD relative to 27 matched comparison participants. Results suggest that people with ASD (or ASD traits) may be particularly vulnerable to manipulation and may benefit from lie detection training. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1129-1137. (c) 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life. People with diminished understanding of other minds, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. We found that lie detection ability was related to how many ASD traits neurotypical people manifested and also was significantly diminished among adults with a full diagnosis of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1962 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369

Metacognitive monitoring and the hypercorrection effect in autism and the general population: Relation to autism(-like) traits and mindreading / D. M. WILLIAMS in Autism, 22-3 (April 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-3 (April 2018) . - p.259-270 Titre : Metacognitive monitoring and the hypercorrection effect in autism and the general population: Relation to autism(-like) traits and mindreading Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Z. BERGSTROM, Auteur ; C. GRAINGER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.259-270 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  hypercorrection  mentalising  metacognition  mindreading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Among neurotypical adults, errors made with high confidence (i.e. errors a person strongly believed they would not make) are corrected more reliably than errors made with low confidence. This 'hypercorrection effect' is thought to result from enhanced attention to information that reflects a 'metacognitive mismatch' between one's beliefs and reality. In Experiment 1, we employed a standard measure of this effect. Participants answered general knowledge questions and provided confidence judgements about how likely each answer was to be correct, after which feedback was given. Finally, participants were retested on all questions answered incorrectly during the initial phase. Mindreading ability and autism spectrum disorder-like traits were measured. We found that a representative sample of ( n = 83) neurotypical participants made accurate confidence judgements (reflecting good metacognition) and showed the hypercorrection effect. Mindreading ability was associated with autism spectrum disorder-like traits and metacognition. However, the hypercorrection effect was non-significantly associated with mindreading or autism spectrum disorder-like traits. In Experiment 2, 11 children with autism spectrum disorder and 11 matched comparison participants completed the hypercorrection task. Although autism spectrum disorder children showed significantly diminished metacognitive ability, they showed an undiminished hypercorrection effect. The evidence in favour of an undiminished hypercorrection effect (null result) was moderate, according to Bayesian analysis (Bayes factor = 0.21). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316680178 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=358 [article] Metacognitive monitoring and the hypercorrection effect in autism and the general population: Relation to autism(-like) traits and mindreading [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Z. BERGSTROM, Auteur ; C. GRAINGER, Auteur . - p.259-270. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-3 (April 2018) . - p.259-270 Mots-clés : autism  hypercorrection  mentalising  metacognition  mindreading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Among neurotypical adults, errors made with high confidence (i.e. errors a person strongly believed they would not make) are corrected more reliably than errors made with low confidence. This 'hypercorrection effect' is thought to result from enhanced attention to information that reflects a 'metacognitive mismatch' between one's beliefs and reality. In Experiment 1, we employed a standard measure of this effect. Participants answered general knowledge questions and provided confidence judgements about how likely each answer was to be correct, after which feedback was given. Finally, participants were retested on all questions answered incorrectly during the initial phase. Mindreading ability and autism spectrum disorder-like traits were measured. We found that a representative sample of ( n = 83) neurotypical participants made accurate confidence judgements (reflecting good metacognition) and showed the hypercorrection effect. Mindreading ability was associated with autism spectrum disorder-like traits and metacognition. However, the hypercorrection effect was non-significantly associated with mindreading or autism spectrum disorder-like traits. In Experiment 2, 11 children with autism spectrum disorder and 11 matched comparison participants completed the hypercorrection task. Although autism spectrum disorder children showed significantly diminished metacognitive ability, they showed an undiminished hypercorrection effect. The evidence in favour of an undiminished hypercorrection effect (null result) was moderate, according to Bayesian analysis (Bayes factor = 0.21). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316680178 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=358

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