Challenges with shifting, regardless of disengagement: attention mechanisms and eye movements in Williams syndrome / Astrid HALLMAN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 17 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 17 (2025) Titre : Challenges with shifting, regardless of disengagement: attention mechanisms and eye movements in Williams syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Astrid HALLMAN, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Christine FAWCETT, Auteur ; Matilda A. FRICK, Auteur ; Ann NORDGREN, Auteur ; Johan Lundin KLEBERG, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye tracking  Intellectual disability  Orienting attention  Phasic alerting effect  Pupil dilation  Shifting attention  Visual disengagement  Williams syndrome  in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the  Regional Ethics Committee of Stockholm, Sweden (dnr 2018/1218-31 with subsequent  amendments). Informed consents were collected from the participants and/or their  legal guardians. Informed assent was obtained from all participants who were able  to assent. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The  authors declare no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: People with Williams syndrome (WS) face challenges in various areas of cognitive processing, including attention. Previous studies suggest that these challenges are particularly pronounced when disengagement of attention from a previously attended stimulus is required, as compared to shifting attention without the need to disengage. Difficulties with attention could in turn be implicated in several of the behavioral characteristics of WS. Here, disengagement and shifting of visual attention, together with pupil dilation, were independently assessed in one of the largest eye-tracking studies of WS to date. METHODS: We investigated shifting, disengagement, and the effects of auditory alerting cues on pupil dilation in WS individuals (n = 45, age range = 9–58 years), non-WS individuals with intellectual disability (ID) (n = 36, age range = 6–59 years), and typically developed (TD) infants (n = 32, age range = 6–7 months), children and adults (n = 31, age range = 9–60 years), using a modified gap-overlap task. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models (LMMs). RESULTS: Individuals with WS were less likely to shift their attention to upcoming targets than TD individuals (all ages), but more likely than the ID group to do so. When they did shift attention, participants with WS and ID were slower to initiate a gaze shift than TD participants regardless of whether disengagement was needed. In the WS group, failure to shift attention was strongly predicted by higher arousal (pupil dilation), which was induced by auditory alerting cues. CONCLUSIONS: Contrasting with previous theories of attention in WS, we found no evidence for a specific challenge in disengaging attention. Instead, our results point to a more general challenge in shifting attention. Reduced attention shifting in WS may be partly explained by atypical arousal regulation. These results contribute to our understanding of the WS phenotype. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-025-09639-z. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-025-09639-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=576 [article] Challenges with shifting, regardless of disengagement: attention mechanisms and eye movements in Williams syndrome [texte imprimé] / Astrid HALLMAN, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Christine FAWCETT, Auteur ; Matilda A. FRICK, Auteur ; Ann NORDGREN, Auteur ; Johan Lundin KLEBERG, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 17 (2025) Mots-clés : Eye tracking  Intellectual disability  Orienting attention  Phasic alerting effect  Pupil dilation  Shifting attention  Visual disengagement  Williams syndrome  in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the  Regional Ethics Committee of Stockholm, Sweden (dnr 2018/1218-31 with subsequent  amendments). Informed consents were collected from the participants and/or their  legal guardians. Informed assent was obtained from all participants who were able  to assent. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The  authors declare no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: People with Williams syndrome (WS) face challenges in various areas of cognitive processing, including attention. Previous studies suggest that these challenges are particularly pronounced when disengagement of attention from a previously attended stimulus is required, as compared to shifting attention without the need to disengage. Difficulties with attention could in turn be implicated in several of the behavioral characteristics of WS. Here, disengagement and shifting of visual attention, together with pupil dilation, were independently assessed in one of the largest eye-tracking studies of WS to date. METHODS: We investigated shifting, disengagement, and the effects of auditory alerting cues on pupil dilation in WS individuals (n = 45, age range = 9–58 years), non-WS individuals with intellectual disability (ID) (n = 36, age range = 6–59 years), and typically developed (TD) infants (n = 32, age range = 6–7 months), children and adults (n = 31, age range = 9–60 years), using a modified gap-overlap task. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models (LMMs). RESULTS: Individuals with WS were less likely to shift their attention to upcoming targets than TD individuals (all ages), but more likely than the ID group to do so. When they did shift attention, participants with WS and ID were slower to initiate a gaze shift than TD participants regardless of whether disengagement was needed. In the WS group, failure to shift attention was strongly predicted by higher arousal (pupil dilation), which was induced by auditory alerting cues. CONCLUSIONS: Contrasting with previous theories of attention in WS, we found no evidence for a specific challenge in disengaging attention. Instead, our results point to a more general challenge in shifting attention. Reduced attention shifting in WS may be partly explained by atypical arousal regulation. These results contribute to our understanding of the WS phenotype. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-025-09639-z. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-025-09639-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=576

Global and local visual processing in autism - a co-twin-control study / Janina NEUFELD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-4 (April 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-4 (April 2020) . - p.470-479 Titre : Global and local visual processing in autism - a co-twin-control study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; A. HAGSTROM, Auteur ; Annelies VAN'T WESTEINDE, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.470-479 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  central coherence  co-twin-control design  detail focus  global/local visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with altered global and local visual processing. However, the nature of these alterations remains controversial, with contradictory findings and notions ranging from a reduced drive to integrate information into a coherent 'gestalt' ("weak central coherence" = WCC) to an enhanced perceptual functioning (EPF) in local processing. METHODS: This study assessed the association between autism and global/local visual processing, using a large sample of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins (N = 290, 48% females, age = 8-31 years). The Fragmented Pictures Test (FPT) assessed global processing, whereas local processing was estimated with the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) and the Block Design Test (BDT). Autism was assessed both categorically (clinical diagnosis), and dimensionally (autistic traits). Associations between visual tasks and autism were estimated both across the cohort and within-twin pairs where all factors shared between twins are implicitly controlled. RESULTS: Clinical diagnosis and autistic traits predicted a need for more visual information for gestalt processing in the FPT across the cohort. For clinical diagnosis, this association remained within-pairs and at trend-level even within MZ twin pairs alone. ASD and higher autistic traits predicted lower EFT and BDT performance across the cohort, but these associations were lost within-pairs. CONCLUSIONS: In line with the WCC account, our findings indicate an association between autism and reduced global visual processing in children, adolescents and young adults (but no evidence for EPF). Observing a similar association within MZ twins suggests a non-shared environmental contribution. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13120 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 [article] Global and local visual processing in autism - a co-twin-control study [texte imprimé] / Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; A. HAGSTROM, Auteur ; Annelies VAN'T WESTEINDE, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - p.470-479. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-4 (April 2020) . - p.470-479 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  central coherence  co-twin-control design  detail focus  global/local visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with altered global and local visual processing. However, the nature of these alterations remains controversial, with contradictory findings and notions ranging from a reduced drive to integrate information into a coherent 'gestalt' ("weak central coherence" = WCC) to an enhanced perceptual functioning (EPF) in local processing. METHODS: This study assessed the association between autism and global/local visual processing, using a large sample of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins (N = 290, 48% females, age = 8-31 years). The Fragmented Pictures Test (FPT) assessed global processing, whereas local processing was estimated with the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) and the Block Design Test (BDT). Autism was assessed both categorically (clinical diagnosis), and dimensionally (autistic traits). Associations between visual tasks and autism were estimated both across the cohort and within-twin pairs where all factors shared between twins are implicitly controlled. RESULTS: Clinical diagnosis and autistic traits predicted a need for more visual information for gestalt processing in the FPT across the cohort. For clinical diagnosis, this association remained within-pairs and at trend-level even within MZ twin pairs alone. ASD and higher autistic traits predicted lower EFT and BDT performance across the cohort, but these associations were lost within-pairs. CONCLUSIONS: In line with the WCC account, our findings indicate an association between autism and reduced global visual processing in children, adolescents and young adults (but no evidence for EPF). Observing a similar association within MZ twins suggests a non-shared environmental contribution. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13120 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421

Social Cognition in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Co-twin Control Study / Johan ISAKSSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-7 (July 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-7 (July 2019) . - p.2838-2848 Titre : Social Cognition in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Co-twin Control Study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Annelies VAN'T WESTEINDE, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; Ralf KUJA-HALKOLA, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2838-2848 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd  Autism spectrum disorder  Movie for the assessment of social cognition  Ratss  Twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in social cognition (SC) are hypothesized to underlie social communication and interaction challenges in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aetiological underpinnings driving this association remain unclear. We examined SC in 196 twins with ASD, other neurodevelopmental disorders or typical development using the naturalistic Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition. Autism and its severity were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2, and autistic traits with the Social Responsiveness Scale-2. Using within twin-pair regression models, controlling for age, sex, IQ, and unmeasured familial confounders such as genetic background and shared-environment, SC correlated with ASD diagnosis, autism severity, and autistic traits. Our findings highlight the importance of SC alterations in autism and suggest a non-shared environmental impact on the association. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04001-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402 [article] Social Cognition in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Co-twin Control Study [texte imprimé] / Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Annelies VAN'T WESTEINDE, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; Ralf KUJA-HALKOLA, Auteur ; Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - p.2838-2848. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-7 (July 2019) . - p.2838-2848 Mots-clés : Adhd  Autism spectrum disorder  Movie for the assessment of social cognition  Ratss  Twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in social cognition (SC) are hypothesized to underlie social communication and interaction challenges in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aetiological underpinnings driving this association remain unclear. We examined SC in 196 twins with ASD, other neurodevelopmental disorders or typical development using the naturalistic Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition. Autism and its severity were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2, and autistic traits with the Social Responsiveness Scale-2. Using within twin-pair regression models, controlling for age, sex, IQ, and unmeasured familial confounders such as genetic background and shared-environment, SC correlated with ASD diagnosis, autism severity, and autistic traits. Our findings highlight the importance of SC alterations in autism and suggest a non-shared environmental impact on the association. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04001-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402

Twin research in autism spectrum disorder / Charlotte WILLFORS

Public ISBD in Autism imaging and Devices / Manuel F. CASANOVA Titre : Twin research in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Importance : p.15-36 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : SCI-D SCI-D - Neurosciences Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=382 in Autism imaging and Devices / Manuel F. CASANOVA Twin research in autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p.15-36. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : SCI-D SCI-D - Neurosciences Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=382

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Williams syndrome: reduced orienting to other?s eyes in a hypersocial phenotype / Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-7 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-7 (July 2023) . - p.2786-2797 Titre : Williams syndrome: reduced orienting to other?s eyes in a hypersocial phenotype Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur ; Christine FAWCETT, Auteur ; Hanna BJÖRLIN AVDIC, Auteur ; Matilda A. FRICK, Auteur ; Karin C. BROCKI, Auteur ; Jens HÖGSTRÖM, Auteur ; Eva SERLACHIUS, Auteur ; Ann NORDGREN, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2786-2797 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic condition associated with high sociability, intellectual disability, and social cognitive challenges. Attention to others' eyes is crucial for social understanding. Orienting to, and from other?s eyes was studied in WS (n 37, mean age 23, age range 9-53). The WS group was compared to a typically developing comparison participants (n 167) in stratified age groups from infancy to adulthood. Typically developing children and adults were quicker and more likely to orient to eyes than the mouth. This bias was absent in WS. The WS group had reduced peak saccadic velocities, indicating hypo-arousal. The current study indicates reduced orienting to others' eyes in WS, which may affect social interaction skills. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05563-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508 [article] Williams syndrome: reduced orienting to other?s eyes in a hypersocial phenotype [texte imprimé] / Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur ; Christine FAWCETT, Auteur ; Hanna BJÖRLIN AVDIC, Auteur ; Matilda A. FRICK, Auteur ; Karin C. BROCKI, Auteur ; Jens HÖGSTRÖM, Auteur ; Eva SERLACHIUS, Auteur ; Ann NORDGREN, Auteur ; Charlotte WILLFORS, Auteur . - p.2786-2797. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-7 (July 2023) . - p.2786-2797 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic condition associated with high sociability, intellectual disability, and social cognitive challenges. Attention to others' eyes is crucial for social understanding. Orienting to, and from other?s eyes was studied in WS (n 37, mean age 23, age range 9-53). The WS group was compared to a typically developing comparison participants (n 167) in stratified age groups from infancy to adulthood. Typically developing children and adults were quicker and more likely to orient to eyes than the mouth. This bias was absent in WS. The WS group had reduced peak saccadic velocities, indicating hypo-arousal. The current study indicates reduced orienting to others' eyes in WS, which may affect social interaction skills. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05563-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508

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