Individuals with autism spectrum disorder are impaired in absolute but not relative pitch and duration matching in speech and song imitation / L. WANG in Autism Research, 14-11 (November 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2355-2372 Titre : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder are impaired in absolute but not relative pitch and duration matching in speech and song imitation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. WANG, Auteur ; P. Q. PFORDRESHER, Auteur ; C. JIANG, Auteur ; F. LIU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2355-2372 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Child  Humans  Imitative Behavior  Singing  Speech  Voice  Asd  duration  pitch  song  speech  vocal imitation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical imitation. However, few studies have identified clear quantitative characteristics of vocal imitation in ASD. This study investigated imitation of speech and song in English-speaking individuals with and without ASD and its modulation by age. Participants consisted of 25 autistic children and 19 autistic adults, who were compared to 25 children and 19 adults with typical development matched on age, gender, musical training, and cognitive abilities. The task required participants to imitate speech and song stimuli with varying pitch and duration patterns. Acoustic analyses of the imitation performance suggested that individuals with ASD were worse than controls on absolute pitch and duration matching for both speech and song imitation, although they performed as well as controls on relative pitch and duration matching. Furthermore, the two groups produced similar numbers of pitch contour, pitch interval-, and time errors. Across both groups, sung pitch was imitated more accurately than spoken pitch, whereas spoken duration was imitated more accurately than sung duration. Children imitated spoken pitch more accurately than adults when it came to speech stimuli, whereas age showed no significant relationship to song imitation. These results reveal a vocal imitation deficit across speech and music domains in ASD that is specific to absolute pitch and duration matching. This finding provides evidence for shared mechanisms between speech and song imitation, which involves independent implementation of relative versus absolute features. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical imitation of actions and gestures. Characteristics of vocal imitation in ASD remain unclear. By comparing speech and song imitation, this study shows that individuals with ASD have a vocal imitative deficit that is specific to absolute pitch and duration matching, while performing as well as controls on relative pitch and duration matching, across speech and music domains. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2569 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Individuals with autism spectrum disorder are impaired in absolute but not relative pitch and duration matching in speech and song imitation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. WANG, Auteur ; P. Q. PFORDRESHER, Auteur ; C. JIANG, Auteur ; F. LIU, Auteur . - p.2355-2372. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2355-2372 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Child  Humans  Imitative Behavior  Singing  Speech  Voice  Asd  duration  pitch  song  speech  vocal imitation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical imitation. However, few studies have identified clear quantitative characteristics of vocal imitation in ASD. This study investigated imitation of speech and song in English-speaking individuals with and without ASD and its modulation by age. Participants consisted of 25 autistic children and 19 autistic adults, who were compared to 25 children and 19 adults with typical development matched on age, gender, musical training, and cognitive abilities. The task required participants to imitate speech and song stimuli with varying pitch and duration patterns. Acoustic analyses of the imitation performance suggested that individuals with ASD were worse than controls on absolute pitch and duration matching for both speech and song imitation, although they performed as well as controls on relative pitch and duration matching. Furthermore, the two groups produced similar numbers of pitch contour, pitch interval-, and time errors. Across both groups, sung pitch was imitated more accurately than spoken pitch, whereas spoken duration was imitated more accurately than sung duration. Children imitated spoken pitch more accurately than adults when it came to speech stimuli, whereas age showed no significant relationship to song imitation. These results reveal a vocal imitation deficit across speech and music domains in ASD that is specific to absolute pitch and duration matching. This finding provides evidence for shared mechanisms between speech and song imitation, which involves independent implementation of relative versus absolute features. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical imitation of actions and gestures. Characteristics of vocal imitation in ASD remain unclear. By comparing speech and song imitation, this study shows that individuals with ASD have a vocal imitative deficit that is specific to absolute pitch and duration matching, while performing as well as controls on relative pitch and duration matching, across speech and music domains. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2569 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

The autistic brain can process local but not global emotion regularities in facial and musical sequences / J. XU in Autism Research, 15-2 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-2 (February 2022) . - p.222-240 Titre : The autistic brain can process local but not global emotion regularities in facial and musical sequences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. XU, Auteur ; L. ZHOU, Auteur ; F. LIU, Auteur ; C. XUE, Auteur ; J. JIANG, Auteur ; C. JIANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.222-240 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  facial emotion  global deficit  musical emotion  regularity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a global processing deficit remains controversial. Global integration requires extraction of regularity across various timescales, yet little is known about how individuals with ASD process regularity at local (short timescale) versus global (long timescale) levels. To this end, we used event-related potentials to investigate whether individuals with ASD would show different neural responses to local (within trial) versus global (across trials) emotion regularities extracted from sequential facial expressions; and if so, whether this visual abnormality would generalize to the music (auditory) domain. Twenty individuals with ASD and 21 age- and IQ-matched individuals with typical development participated in this study. At an early processing stage, ASD participants exhibited preserved neural responses to violations of local emotion regularity for both faces and music. At a later stage, however, there was an absence of neural responses in ASD to violations of global emotion regularity for both faces and music. These findings suggest that the autistic brain responses to emotion regularity are modulated by the timescale of sequential stimuli, and provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying emotional processing in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2635 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] The autistic brain can process local but not global emotion regularities in facial and musical sequences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. XU, Auteur ; L. ZHOU, Auteur ; F. LIU, Auteur ; C. XUE, Auteur ; J. JIANG, Auteur ; C. JIANG, Auteur . - p.222-240. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-2 (February 2022) . - p.222-240 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  facial emotion  global deficit  musical emotion  regularity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a global processing deficit remains controversial. Global integration requires extraction of regularity across various timescales, yet little is known about how individuals with ASD process regularity at local (short timescale) versus global (long timescale) levels. To this end, we used event-related potentials to investigate whether individuals with ASD would show different neural responses to local (within trial) versus global (across trials) emotion regularities extracted from sequential facial expressions; and if so, whether this visual abnormality would generalize to the music (auditory) domain. Twenty individuals with ASD and 21 age- and IQ-matched individuals with typical development participated in this study. At an early processing stage, ASD participants exhibited preserved neural responses to violations of local emotion regularity for both faces and music. At a later stage, however, there was an absence of neural responses in ASD to violations of global emotion regularity for both faces and music. These findings suggest that the autistic brain responses to emotion regularity are modulated by the timescale of sequential stimuli, and provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying emotional processing in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2635 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

The valproic acid rat model of autism presents with gut bacterial dysbiosis similar to that in human autism / F. LIU in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 61 p. Titre : The valproic acid rat model of autism presents with gut bacterial dysbiosis similar to that in human autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : F. LIU, Auteur ; K. HORTON-SPARKS, Auteur ; V. HULL, Auteur ; R. W. LI, Auteur ; V. MARTINEZ-CERDENO, Auteur Article en page(s) : 61 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Autistic Disorder/etiology/*microbiology  Bacterial Typing Techniques  Disease Models, Animal  Dysbiosis/etiology/*microbiology  *Gastrointestinal Microbiome  Rats  Rats, Sprague-Dawley  Valproic Acid/administration & dosage/toxicity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Gut microbiota has the capacity to impact the regular function of the brain, which can in turn affect the composition of microbiota. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients suffer from gastrointestinal problems and experience changes in gut microbiota; however, it is not yet clear whether the change in the microbiota associated with ASD is a cause or a consequence of the disease. Methods: We have investigated the species richness and microbial composition in a valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model autism. Fecal samples from the rectum were collected at necropsy, microbial total DNA was extracted, 16 rRNA genes sequenced using Illumina, and the global microbial co-occurrence network was constructed using a random matrix theory-based pipeline. Collected rat microbiome data were compared to available data derived from cases of autism. Results: We found that VPA administration during pregnancy reduced fecal microbial richness, changed the gut microbial composition, and altered the metabolite potential of the fecal microbial community in a pattern similar to that seen in patients with ASD. However, the global network property and network composition as well as microbial co-occurrence patterns were largely preserved in the offspring of rats exposed to prenatal administration of VPA. Conclusions: Our data on the microbiota of the VPA rat model of autism indicate that this model, in addition to behaviorally and anatomically mimicking the autistic brain as previously shown, also mimics the microbiome features of autism, making it one of the best-suited rodent models for the study of autism and ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0251-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] The valproic acid rat model of autism presents with gut bacterial dysbiosis similar to that in human autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / F. LIU, Auteur ; K. HORTON-SPARKS, Auteur ; V. HULL, Auteur ; R. W. LI, Auteur ; V. MARTINEZ-CERDENO, Auteur . - 61 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 61 p. Mots-clés : Animals  Autistic Disorder/etiology/*microbiology  Bacterial Typing Techniques  Disease Models, Animal  Dysbiosis/etiology/*microbiology  *Gastrointestinal Microbiome  Rats  Rats, Sprague-Dawley  Valproic Acid/administration & dosage/toxicity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Gut microbiota has the capacity to impact the regular function of the brain, which can in turn affect the composition of microbiota. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients suffer from gastrointestinal problems and experience changes in gut microbiota; however, it is not yet clear whether the change in the microbiota associated with ASD is a cause or a consequence of the disease. Methods: We have investigated the species richness and microbial composition in a valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model autism. Fecal samples from the rectum were collected at necropsy, microbial total DNA was extracted, 16 rRNA genes sequenced using Illumina, and the global microbial co-occurrence network was constructed using a random matrix theory-based pipeline. Collected rat microbiome data were compared to available data derived from cases of autism. Results: We found that VPA administration during pregnancy reduced fecal microbial richness, changed the gut microbial composition, and altered the metabolite potential of the fecal microbial community in a pattern similar to that seen in patients with ASD. However, the global network property and network composition as well as microbial co-occurrence patterns were largely preserved in the offspring of rats exposed to prenatal administration of VPA. Conclusions: Our data on the microbiota of the VPA rat model of autism indicate that this model, in addition to behaviorally and anatomically mimicking the autistic brain as previously shown, also mimics the microbiome features of autism, making it one of the best-suited rodent models for the study of autism and ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0251-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

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