1517 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Humans'

Attentional shifting differences in autism: Domain general, domain specific or both? / S. SKRIPKAUSKAITE in Autism, 25-6 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1721-1733 Titre : Attentional shifting differences in autism: Domain general, domain specific or both? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. SKRIPKAUSKAITE, Auteur ; L. SLADE, Auteur ; J. MAYER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1721-1733 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  adults  autism  eye tracking  gap–overlap  saccadic latencies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has shown that autistic individuals look at other people less and orient to them more slowly than others. Yet, it is still unclear if this represents general visual differences (e.g. slower looking at any new information, social or not) or a uniquely social difference (e.g. only slower looking to humans but not objects). Here, we aimed to examine how quickly autistic and non-autistic adults look to and away from social (i.e. faces) and non-social information (i.e. squares and houses). We used an attentional shifting task with two images where sometimes the first image disappears before the new image appears (makes it easier to notice the new image) and other times it stays on the screen when the new image appears. In Experiment 1, we showed schematic faces and squares to 27 autistic and 26 non-autistic adults, and in Experiment 2, we showed photographs of faces and houses to 18 autistic and 17 non-autistic adults. In general, autistic adults looked at the new non-social or social images similarly to non-autistic adults. Yet, only autistic adults looked at new social information faster when the first image disappeared before the new image appeared. This shows that autistic individuals may find it easier to notice new social information if their attention is not already occupied. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211001619 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4511 [article] Attentional shifting differences in autism: Domain general, domain specific or both? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. SKRIPKAUSKAITE, Auteur ; L. SLADE, Auteur ; J. MAYER, Auteur . - p.1721-1733. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1721-1733 Mots-clés : Adult  Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  adults  autism  eye tracking  gap–overlap  saccadic latencies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has shown that autistic individuals look at other people less and orient to them more slowly than others. Yet, it is still unclear if this represents general visual differences (e.g. slower looking at any new information, social or not) or a uniquely social difference (e.g. only slower looking to humans but not objects). Here, we aimed to examine how quickly autistic and non-autistic adults look to and away from social (i.e. faces) and non-social information (i.e. squares and houses). We used an attentional shifting task with two images where sometimes the first image disappears before the new image appears (makes it easier to notice the new image) and other times it stays on the screen when the new image appears. In Experiment 1, we showed schematic faces and squares to 27 autistic and 26 non-autistic adults, and in Experiment 2, we showed photographs of faces and houses to 18 autistic and 17 non-autistic adults. In general, autistic adults looked at the new non-social or social images similarly to non-autistic adults. Yet, only autistic adults looked at new social information faster when the first image disappeared before the new image appeared. This shows that autistic individuals may find it easier to notice new social information if their attention is not already occupied. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211001619 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4511

Attentional shifting differences in autism: Domain general, domain specific or both? / Simona SKRIPKAUSKAITE in Autism, 26-6 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-6 (August 2022) . - p.1721-1733 Titre : Attentional shifting differences in autism: Domain general, domain specific or both? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simona SKRIPKAUSKAITE, Auteur ; Lance SLADE, Auteur ; Jennifer MAYER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1721-1733 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  adults  autism  eye tracking  gap–overlap  saccadic latencies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has shown that autistic individuals look at other people less and orient to them more slowly than others. Yet, it is still unclear if this represents general visual differences (e.g. slower looking at any new information, social or not) or a uniquely social difference (e.g. only slower looking to humans but not objects). Here, we aimed to examine how quickly autistic and non-autistic adults look to and away from social (i.e. faces) and non-social information (i.e. squares and houses). We used an attentional shifting task with two images where sometimes the first image disappears before the new image appears (makes it easier to notice the new image) and other times it stays on the screen when the new image appears. In Experiment 1, we showed schematic faces and squares to 27 autistic and 26 non-autistic adults, and in Experiment 2, we showed photographs of faces and houses to 18 autistic and 17 non-autistic adults. In general, autistic adults looked at the new non-social or social images similarly to non-autistic adults. Yet, only autistic adults looked at new social information faster when the first image disappeared before the new image appeared. This shows that autistic individuals may find it easier to notice new social information if their attention is not already occupied. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211001619 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4842 [article] Attentional shifting differences in autism: Domain general, domain specific or both? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simona SKRIPKAUSKAITE, Auteur ; Lance SLADE, Auteur ; Jennifer MAYER, Auteur . - p.1721-1733. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-6 (August 2022) . - p.1721-1733 Mots-clés : Adult  Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  adults  autism  eye tracking  gap–overlap  saccadic latencies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has shown that autistic individuals look at other people less and orient to them more slowly than others. Yet, it is still unclear if this represents general visual differences (e.g. slower looking at any new information, social or not) or a uniquely social difference (e.g. only slower looking to humans but not objects). Here, we aimed to examine how quickly autistic and non-autistic adults look to and away from social (i.e. faces) and non-social information (i.e. squares and houses). We used an attentional shifting task with two images where sometimes the first image disappears before the new image appears (makes it easier to notice the new image) and other times it stays on the screen when the new image appears. In Experiment 1, we showed schematic faces and squares to 27 autistic and 26 non-autistic adults, and in Experiment 2, we showed photographs of faces and houses to 18 autistic and 17 non-autistic adults. In general, autistic adults looked at the new non-social or social images similarly to non-autistic adults. Yet, only autistic adults looked at new social information faster when the first image disappeared before the new image appeared. This shows that autistic individuals may find it easier to notice new social information if their attention is not already occupied. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211001619 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4842

Autism-associated CHD8 deficiency impairs axon development and migration of cortical neurons / Q. XU in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 65 p. Titre : Autism-associated CHD8 deficiency impairs axon development and migration of cortical neurons Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Q. XU, Auteur ; Y. Y. LIU, Auteur ; X. WANG, Auteur ; G. H. TAN, Auteur ; H. P. LI, Auteur ; S. W. HULBERT, Auteur ; C. Y. LI, Auteur ; C. C. HU, Auteur ; Z. Q. XIONG, Auteur ; X. XU, Auteur ; Y. H. JIANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : 65 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Autistic Disorder/*genetics/pathology  Cells, Cultured  Cerebral Cortex/cytology/growth & development  DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism  Humans  Mice  Mice, Inbred C57BL  *Neurogenesis  Neurons/cytology/*metabolism/physiology  *Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  *chd8  *Chromatin remodeling  *Neurite growth  *Neurodevelopment  Animal Care and Use Committee-approved protocols both at Children's Hospital of  Fudan University ethics approval ID: 2015-87 and Duke University. Human  postmortem brain tissues: The use of archived human postmortem brain tissues is  approved by Institute Review Board at Duke University.Not applicableThe authors  declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral  with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional  affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Mutations in CHD8, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8, are among the most replicated and common findings in genetic studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The CHD8 protein is believed to act as a transcriptional regulator by remodeling chromatin structure and recruiting histone H1 to target genes. The mechanism by which deficiency of CHD8 causes ASD has not been fully elucidated. Methods: We examined the expression of CHD8 in human and mouse brains using both immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization. We performed in utero electroporation, neuronal culture, and biochemical analysis using RNAi to examine the functional consequences of CHD8 deficiency. Results: We discovered that CHD8 is expressed highly in neurons and at low levels in glia cells in both humans and mice. Specifically, CHD8 is localized predominately in the nucleus of both MAP2 and parvalbumin-positive neurons. In the developing mouse brain, expression of Chd8 peaks from E16 to E18 and then decreases significantly at P14 to adulthood. Knockdown of Chd8 results in reduced axon and dendritic growth, disruption of axon projections to the contralateral cortex, and delayed neuronal migration at E18.5 which recovers by P3 and P7. Conclusion: Our findings indicate an important role for CHD8 in dendritic and axon development and neuronal migration and thus offer novel insights to further dissect the underlying molecular and circuit mechanisms of ASD caused by CHD8 deficiency. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0244-2 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3891 [article] Autism-associated CHD8 deficiency impairs axon development and migration of cortical neurons [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Q. XU, Auteur ; Y. Y. LIU, Auteur ; X. WANG, Auteur ; G. H. TAN, Auteur ; H. P. LI, Auteur ; S. W. HULBERT, Auteur ; C. Y. LI, Auteur ; C. C. HU, Auteur ; Z. Q. XIONG, Auteur ; X. XU, Auteur ; Y. H. JIANG, Auteur . - 65 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 65 p. Mots-clés : Animals  Autistic Disorder/*genetics/pathology  Cells, Cultured  Cerebral Cortex/cytology/growth & development  DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism  Humans  Mice  Mice, Inbred C57BL  *Neurogenesis  Neurons/cytology/*metabolism/physiology  *Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  *chd8  *Chromatin remodeling  *Neurite growth  *Neurodevelopment  Animal Care and Use Committee-approved protocols both at Children's Hospital of  Fudan University ethics approval ID: 2015-87 and Duke University. Human  postmortem brain tissues: The use of archived human postmortem brain tissues is  approved by Institute Review Board at Duke University.Not applicableThe authors  declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral  with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional  affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Mutations in CHD8, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8, are among the most replicated and common findings in genetic studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The CHD8 protein is believed to act as a transcriptional regulator by remodeling chromatin structure and recruiting histone H1 to target genes. The mechanism by which deficiency of CHD8 causes ASD has not been fully elucidated. Methods: We examined the expression of CHD8 in human and mouse brains using both immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization. We performed in utero electroporation, neuronal culture, and biochemical analysis using RNAi to examine the functional consequences of CHD8 deficiency. Results: We discovered that CHD8 is expressed highly in neurons and at low levels in glia cells in both humans and mice. Specifically, CHD8 is localized predominately in the nucleus of both MAP2 and parvalbumin-positive neurons. In the developing mouse brain, expression of Chd8 peaks from E16 to E18 and then decreases significantly at P14 to adulthood. Knockdown of Chd8 results in reduced axon and dendritic growth, disruption of axon projections to the contralateral cortex, and delayed neuronal migration at E18.5 which recovers by P3 and P7. Conclusion: Our findings indicate an important role for CHD8 in dendritic and axon development and neuronal migration and thus offer novel insights to further dissect the underlying molecular and circuit mechanisms of ASD caused by CHD8 deficiency. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0244-2 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3891

Brief Report: Preferred Processing of Social Stimuli in Autism: A Perception Task / A. MEERMEIER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-7 (July 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-7 (July 2022) . - p.3286-3293 Titre : Brief Report: Preferred Processing of Social Stimuli in Autism: A Perception Task Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. MEERMEIER, Auteur ; M. JORDING, Auteur ; Y. ALAYOUBI, Auteur ; David H. V. VOGEL, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; R. TEPEST, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3286-3293 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Perception  Social Perception  Image persistence  Image recognition  Perception task  Social stimuli Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this study we investigate whether persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive social images differently than control participants (CON) in a graded perception task in which stimuli emerged from noise before dissipating into noise again. We presented either social stimuli (humans) or non-social stimuli (objects or animals). ASD were slower to recognize images during their emergence, but as fast as CON when indicating the dissipation of the image irrespective of its content. Social stimuli were recognized faster and remained discernable longer in both diagnostic groups. Thus, ASD participants show a largely intact preference for the processing of social images. An exploratory analysis of response subsets reveals subtle differences between groups that could be investigated in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05195-2 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4774 [article] Brief Report: Preferred Processing of Social Stimuli in Autism: A Perception Task [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. MEERMEIER, Auteur ; M. JORDING, Auteur ; Y. ALAYOUBI, Auteur ; David H. V. VOGEL, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; R. TEPEST, Auteur . - p.3286-3293. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-7 (July 2022) . - p.3286-3293 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Perception  Social Perception  Image persistence  Image recognition  Perception task  Social stimuli Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this study we investigate whether persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive social images differently than control participants (CON) in a graded perception task in which stimuli emerged from noise before dissipating into noise again. We presented either social stimuli (humans) or non-social stimuli (objects or animals). ASD were slower to recognize images during their emergence, but as fast as CON when indicating the dissipation of the image irrespective of its content. Social stimuli were recognized faster and remained discernable longer in both diagnostic groups. Thus, ASD participants show a largely intact preference for the processing of social images. An exploratory analysis of response subsets reveals subtle differences between groups that could be investigated in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05195-2 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4774

Closing the species gap: Translational approaches to studying sensory processing differences relevant for autism spectrum disorder / Kaela E. SCOTT in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1322-1331 Titre : Closing the species gap: Translational approaches to studying sensory processing differences relevant for autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kaela E. SCOTT, Auteur ; S. E. SCHULZ, Auteur ; D. MOEHRLE, Auteur ; Brian L. ALLMAN, Auteur ; Janis ORAM CARDY, Auteur ; R. A. STEVENSON, Auteur ; S. SCHMID, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1322-1331 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Cognition  Evoked Potentials  Humans  Mice  Perception  Sensation  auditory processing  experimental design  framework  sensory phenotypes  species translation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study of sensory phenotypes has great potential for increasing research translation between species, a necessity to decipher the neural mechanisms that contribute to higher-order differences in neurological conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Over the past decade, despite separate advances in our understanding of the structural and functional differences within the brain of autistic and non-autistic individuals and in rodent models for ASD, researchers have had difficulty translating the findings in murine species to humans, mostly due to incompatibility in experimental methodologies used to screen for ASD phenotypes. Focusing on sensory phenotypes offers an avenue to close the species gap because sensory pathways are highly conserved across species and are affected by the same risk-factors as the higher-order brain areas mostly responsible for the diagnostic criteria for ASD. By first reviewing how sensory processing has been studied to date, we direct our focus to electrophysiological and behavioral techniques that can be used to study sensory phenotypes consistently across species. Using auditory sensory phenotypes as a template, we seek to improve the accessibility of translational methods by providing a framework for collecting cohesive data in both rodents and humans. Specifically, evoked-potentials, acoustic startle paradigms, and psychophysical detection/discrimination paradigms can be created and implemented in a coordinated and systematic fashion across species. Through careful protocol design and collaboration, sensory processing phenotypes can be harnessed to bridge the gap that exists between preclinical animal studies and human testing, so that mutually held questions in autism research can be answered. LAY SUMMARY: It has always been difficult to relate results from animal research to humans. We try to close this gap by studying changes in sensory processing using careful protocol design and collaboration between clinicians and researchers. Sensory pathways are comparable between animals and humans, and are affected in the same way as the rest of the brain in ASD. Using changes in hearing as a template, we point the field in an innovative direction by providing a framework for collecting cohesive data in rodents and humans. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2533 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4494 [article] Closing the species gap: Translational approaches to studying sensory processing differences relevant for autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kaela E. SCOTT, Auteur ; S. E. SCHULZ, Auteur ; D. MOEHRLE, Auteur ; Brian L. ALLMAN, Auteur ; Janis ORAM CARDY, Auteur ; R. A. STEVENSON, Auteur ; S. SCHMID, Auteur . - p.1322-1331. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1322-1331 Mots-clés : Animals  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Cognition  Evoked Potentials  Humans  Mice  Perception  Sensation  auditory processing  experimental design  framework  sensory phenotypes  species translation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study of sensory phenotypes has great potential for increasing research translation between species, a necessity to decipher the neural mechanisms that contribute to higher-order differences in neurological conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Over the past decade, despite separate advances in our understanding of the structural and functional differences within the brain of autistic and non-autistic individuals and in rodent models for ASD, researchers have had difficulty translating the findings in murine species to humans, mostly due to incompatibility in experimental methodologies used to screen for ASD phenotypes. Focusing on sensory phenotypes offers an avenue to close the species gap because sensory pathways are highly conserved across species and are affected by the same risk-factors as the higher-order brain areas mostly responsible for the diagnostic criteria for ASD. By first reviewing how sensory processing has been studied to date, we direct our focus to electrophysiological and behavioral techniques that can be used to study sensory phenotypes consistently across species. Using auditory sensory phenotypes as a template, we seek to improve the accessibility of translational methods by providing a framework for collecting cohesive data in both rodents and humans. Specifically, evoked-potentials, acoustic startle paradigms, and psychophysical detection/discrimination paradigms can be created and implemented in a coordinated and systematic fashion across species. Through careful protocol design and collaboration, sensory processing phenotypes can be harnessed to bridge the gap that exists between preclinical animal studies and human testing, so that mutually held questions in autism research can be answered. LAY SUMMARY: It has always been difficult to relate results from animal research to humans. We try to close this gap by studying changes in sensory processing using careful protocol design and collaboration between clinicians and researchers. Sensory pathways are comparable between animals and humans, and are affected in the same way as the rest of the brain in ASD. Using changes in hearing as a template, we point the field in an innovative direction by providing a framework for collecting cohesive data in rodents and humans. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2533 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4494

Culture and psychopathology: An attempt at reconsidering the role of social learning / Peter FONAGY in Development and Psychopathology, 34-4 (October 2022)  

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Editorial: Environmental conditions for growing healthy children / Joan L. LUBY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-9 (September 2022)  

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Increased aperiodic gamma power in young boys with Fragile X Syndrome is associated with better language ability / C. L. WILKINSON in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

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Maternal caregiving moderates the impact of antenatal maternal cortisol on infant stress regulation / Sarah NAZZARI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-8 (August 2022)  

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Prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress predict infant individual differences in reactivity and regulation and socioemotional development / Ran LIU in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-11 (November 2022)  

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