Exploring genetic moderators and epigenetic mediators of contextual and family effects: From Gene × Environment to epigenetics / Steven R. H. BEACH in Development and Psychopathology, 28-4 pt2 (November 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 28-4 pt2 (November 2016) . - p.1333-1346 Titre : Exploring genetic moderators and epigenetic mediators of contextual and family effects: From Gene × Environment to epigenetics Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Steven R. H. BEACH, Auteur ; Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Allen W. BARTON, Auteur ; Robert A. PHILIBERT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1333-1346 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the current manuscript, we provide an overview of a research program at the University of Georgia's Center for Family Research designed to expand upon rapid and ongoing developments in the fields of genetics and epigenetics. By placing those developments in the context of translational research on family and community determinants of health and well-being among rural African Americans, we hope to identify novel, modifiable environments and biological processes. In the first section of the article, we review our earlier work on genotypic variation effects on the association between family context and mental and physical health outcomes as well as differential responses to family-based intervention. We then transition to discuss our more recent research on the association of family and community environments with epigenetic processes. In this second section of the article, we begin by briefly reviewing terminology and basic considerations before describing evidence that early environments may influence epigenetic motifs that potentially serve as mediators of long-term effects of early family and community environments on longer term health outcomes. We also provide evidence that genotype may sometimes influence epigenetic outcomes. Finally, we describe our recent efforts to use genome-wide characterization of epigenetic patterns to better understand the biological impact of protective parenting on long-term shifts in inflammatory processes and its potential implications for young adult health. As will be clear, research on epigenetics as a mediator of the connections between family/community processes and a range of health outcomes is still in its infancy, but the potential to develop important insights regarding mechanisms linking modifiable environments to biological processes and long-term health outcomes already is coming into view. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000882 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=294 [article] Exploring genetic moderators and epigenetic mediators of contextual and family effects: From Gene × Environment to epigenetics [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Steven R. H. BEACH, Auteur ; Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Allen W. BARTON, Auteur ; Robert A. PHILIBERT, Auteur . - p.1333-1346. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 28-4 pt2 (November 2016) . - p.1333-1346 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the current manuscript, we provide an overview of a research program at the University of Georgia's Center for Family Research designed to expand upon rapid and ongoing developments in the fields of genetics and epigenetics. By placing those developments in the context of translational research on family and community determinants of health and well-being among rural African Americans, we hope to identify novel, modifiable environments and biological processes. In the first section of the article, we review our earlier work on genotypic variation effects on the association between family context and mental and physical health outcomes as well as differential responses to family-based intervention. We then transition to discuss our more recent research on the association of family and community environments with epigenetic processes. In this second section of the article, we begin by briefly reviewing terminology and basic considerations before describing evidence that early environments may influence epigenetic motifs that potentially serve as mediators of long-term effects of early family and community environments on longer term health outcomes. We also provide evidence that genotype may sometimes influence epigenetic outcomes. Finally, we describe our recent efforts to use genome-wide characterization of epigenetic patterns to better understand the biological impact of protective parenting on long-term shifts in inflammatory processes and its potential implications for young adult health. As will be clear, research on epigenetics as a mediator of the connections between family/community processes and a range of health outcomes is still in its infancy, but the potential to develop important insights regarding mechanisms linking modifiable environments to biological processes and long-term health outcomes already is coming into view. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000882 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=294

Why now? Examining antecedents for substance use initiation among African American adolescents / Tamika C. B. ZAPOLSKI in Development and Psychopathology, 32-2 (May 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 32-2 (May 2020) . - p.719-734 Titre : Why now? Examining antecedents for substance use initiation among African American adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tamika C. B. ZAPOLSKI, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Devin E. BANKS, Auteur ; Allen W. BARTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.719-734 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : African Americans  adolescence  alcohol  initiation  marijuana  tobacco Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current adolescent substance use risk models have inadequately predicted use for African Americans, offering limited knowledge about differential predictability as a function of developmental period. Among a sample of 500 African American youth (ages 11-21), four risk indices (i.e., social risk, attitudinal risk, intrapersonal risk, and racial discrimination risk) were examined in the prediction of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette initiation during early (ages 11-13), mid (ages 16-18), and late (ages 19-21) adolescence. Results showed that when developmental periods were combined, racial discrimination was the only index that predicted initiation for all three substances. However, when risk models were stratified based on developmental period, variation was found within and across substance types. Results highlight the importance of racial discrimination in understanding substance use initiation among African American youth and the need for tailored interventions based on developmental stage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000713 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426 [article] Why now? Examining antecedents for substance use initiation among African American adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tamika C. B. ZAPOLSKI, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Devin E. BANKS, Auteur ; Allen W. BARTON, Auteur . - p.719-734. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 32-2 (May 2020) . - p.719-734 Mots-clés : African Americans  adolescence  alcohol  initiation  marijuana  tobacco Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current adolescent substance use risk models have inadequately predicted use for African Americans, offering limited knowledge about differential predictability as a function of developmental period. Among a sample of 500 African American youth (ages 11-21), four risk indices (i.e., social risk, attitudinal risk, intrapersonal risk, and racial discrimination risk) were examined in the prediction of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette initiation during early (ages 11-13), mid (ages 16-18), and late (ages 19-21) adolescence. Results showed that when developmental periods were combined, racial discrimination was the only index that predicted initiation for all three substances. However, when risk models were stratified based on developmental period, variation was found within and across substance types. Results highlight the importance of racial discrimination in understanding substance use initiation among African American youth and the need for tailored interventions based on developmental stage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000713 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426

Youth temperament, harsh parenting, and variation in the oxytocin receptor gene forecast allostatic load during emerging adulthood / Gene H. BRODY in Development and Psychopathology, 29-3 (August 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-3 (August 2017) . - p.791-803 Titre : Youth temperament, harsh parenting, and variation in the oxytocin receptor gene forecast allostatic load during emerging adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Allen W. BARTON, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.791-803 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract An association has been found between receipt of harsh parenting in childhood and adult health problems. However, this research has been principally retrospective, has treated children as passive recipients of parental behavior, and has overlooked individual differences in youth responsivity to harsh parenting. In a 10-year multiple-wave prospective study of African American families, we addressed these issues by focusing on the influence of polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), variants of which appear to buffer or amplify responses to environmental stress. The participants were 303 youths, with a mean age of 11.2 at the first assessment, and their parents, all of whom were genotyped for variations in the rs53576 (A/G) polymorphism. Teachers rated preadolescent (ages 11 to 13) emotionally intense and distractible temperaments, and adolescents (ages 15 and 16) reported receipt of harsh parenting. Allostatic load was assessed during young adulthood (ages 20 and 21). Difficult preadolescent temperament forecast elevated receipt of harsh parenting in adolescence, and adolescents who experienced harsh parenting evinced high allostatic load during young adulthood. However, these associations emerged only among children and parents who carried A alleles of the OXTR genotype. The results suggest the oxytocin system operates along with temperament and parenting to forecast young adults’ allostatic load. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941600047x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=311 [article] Youth temperament, harsh parenting, and variation in the oxytocin receptor gene forecast allostatic load during emerging adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Allen W. BARTON, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur . - p.791-803. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-3 (August 2017) . - p.791-803 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract An association has been found between receipt of harsh parenting in childhood and adult health problems. However, this research has been principally retrospective, has treated children as passive recipients of parental behavior, and has overlooked individual differences in youth responsivity to harsh parenting. In a 10-year multiple-wave prospective study of African American families, we addressed these issues by focusing on the influence of polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), variants of which appear to buffer or amplify responses to environmental stress. The participants were 303 youths, with a mean age of 11.2 at the first assessment, and their parents, all of whom were genotyped for variations in the rs53576 (A/G) polymorphism. Teachers rated preadolescent (ages 11 to 13) emotionally intense and distractible temperaments, and adolescents (ages 15 and 16) reported receipt of harsh parenting. Allostatic load was assessed during young adulthood (ages 20 and 21). Difficult preadolescent temperament forecast elevated receipt of harsh parenting in adolescence, and adolescents who experienced harsh parenting evinced high allostatic load during young adulthood. However, these associations emerged only among children and parents who carried A alleles of the OXTR genotype. The results suggest the oxytocin system operates along with temperament and parenting to forecast young adults’ allostatic load. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941600047x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=311

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