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Résultat de la recherche
6 recherche sur le mot-clé 'African Americans'




Why now? Examining antecedents for substance use initiation among African American adolescents / Tamika C. B. ZAPOLSKI in Development and Psychopathology, 32-2 (May 2020)
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Titre : Why now? Examining antecedents for substance use initiation among African American adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tamika C. B. ZAPOLSKI, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Devin E. BANKS, Auteur ; Allen W. BARTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.719-734 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : African Americans adolescence alcohol initiation marijuana tobacco Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current adolescent substance use risk models have inadequately predicted use for African Americans, offering limited knowledge about differential predictability as a function of developmental period. Among a sample of 500 African American youth (ages 11-21), four risk indices (i.e., social risk, attitudinal risk, intrapersonal risk, and racial discrimination risk) were examined in the prediction of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette initiation during early (ages 11-13), mid (ages 16-18), and late (ages 19-21) adolescence. Results showed that when developmental periods were combined, racial discrimination was the only index that predicted initiation for all three substances. However, when risk models were stratified based on developmental period, variation was found within and across substance types. Results highlight the importance of racial discrimination in understanding substance use initiation among African American youth and the need for tailored interventions based on developmental stage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000713 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426
in Development and Psychopathology > 32-2 (May 2020) . - p.719-734[article] Why now? Examining antecedents for substance use initiation among African American adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tamika C. B. ZAPOLSKI, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Devin E. BANKS, Auteur ; Allen W. BARTON, Auteur . - p.719-734.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 32-2 (May 2020) . - p.719-734
Mots-clés : African Americans adolescence alcohol initiation marijuana tobacco Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current adolescent substance use risk models have inadequately predicted use for African Americans, offering limited knowledge about differential predictability as a function of developmental period. Among a sample of 500 African American youth (ages 11-21), four risk indices (i.e., social risk, attitudinal risk, intrapersonal risk, and racial discrimination risk) were examined in the prediction of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette initiation during early (ages 11-13), mid (ages 16-18), and late (ages 19-21) adolescence. Results showed that when developmental periods were combined, racial discrimination was the only index that predicted initiation for all three substances. However, when risk models were stratified based on developmental period, variation was found within and across substance types. Results highlight the importance of racial discrimination in understanding substance use initiation among African American youth and the need for tailored interventions based on developmental stage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000713 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426 Maltreatment timing, HPA axis functioning, multigenic risk, and depressive symptoms in African American youth: Differential associations without moderated mediation / Adrienne A. VANZOMEREN in Development and Psychopathology, 32-5 (December 2020)
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Titre : Maltreatment timing, HPA axis functioning, multigenic risk, and depressive symptoms in African American youth: Differential associations without moderated mediation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adrienne A. VANZOMEREN, Auteur ; Jingchen ZHANG, Auteur ; Sun-Kyung LEE, Auteur ; Meredith GUNLICKS-STOESSEL, Auteur ; Timothy PIEHLER, Auteur ; Dante CICCHETTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1838-1853 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent African Americans Child *Depression Humans Hydrocortisone *Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System Pituitary-Adrenal System Saliva *African American youth *HPA axis *maltreatment *multigenic risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Utilizing a large (N = 739), ancestrally homogenous sample, the current study aimed to better understand biological risk processes involved in the development of depressive symptoms in maltreated, African American children age 8-12 years. Maltreatment was independently coded from Child Protective Services records and maternal report. Self-reported depressive symptoms were attained in the context of a week-long, summer research camp. DNA was acquired from buccal cell or saliva samples and genotyped for nine polymorphisms in four hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis-related genes: FKBP5, NR3C1, NR3C2, and CRHR1. Salivary cortisol samples were collected each morning (9 a.m.) and late afternoon (4 p.m.) throughout the week to assess HPA functioning. Results revealed that experiences of maltreatment beginning prior to age 5 were most predictive of depressive symptoms, whereas maltreatment onset after age 5 was most predictive of HPA axis dysregulation (blunted daytime cortisol patterns). Multigenic risk did not relate to HPA functioning, nor did it moderate the relationship between maltreatment and HPA activity. There was no mediation of the relationship between maltreatment and depressive symptoms by HPA dysfunction. Results are interpreted through a developmental psychopathology lens, emphasizing the principle of equifinality while carefully appraising racial differences. Implications for future research, particularly the need for longitudinal studies, and important methodological considerations are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420000589 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437
in Development and Psychopathology > 32-5 (December 2020) . - p.1838-1853[article] Maltreatment timing, HPA axis functioning, multigenic risk, and depressive symptoms in African American youth: Differential associations without moderated mediation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adrienne A. VANZOMEREN, Auteur ; Jingchen ZHANG, Auteur ; Sun-Kyung LEE, Auteur ; Meredith GUNLICKS-STOESSEL, Auteur ; Timothy PIEHLER, Auteur ; Dante CICCHETTI, Auteur . - p.1838-1853.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 32-5 (December 2020) . - p.1838-1853
Mots-clés : Adolescent African Americans Child *Depression Humans Hydrocortisone *Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System Pituitary-Adrenal System Saliva *African American youth *HPA axis *maltreatment *multigenic risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Utilizing a large (N = 739), ancestrally homogenous sample, the current study aimed to better understand biological risk processes involved in the development of depressive symptoms in maltreated, African American children age 8-12 years. Maltreatment was independently coded from Child Protective Services records and maternal report. Self-reported depressive symptoms were attained in the context of a week-long, summer research camp. DNA was acquired from buccal cell or saliva samples and genotyped for nine polymorphisms in four hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis-related genes: FKBP5, NR3C1, NR3C2, and CRHR1. Salivary cortisol samples were collected each morning (9 a.m.) and late afternoon (4 p.m.) throughout the week to assess HPA functioning. Results revealed that experiences of maltreatment beginning prior to age 5 were most predictive of depressive symptoms, whereas maltreatment onset after age 5 was most predictive of HPA axis dysregulation (blunted daytime cortisol patterns). Multigenic risk did not relate to HPA functioning, nor did it moderate the relationship between maltreatment and HPA activity. There was no mediation of the relationship between maltreatment and depressive symptoms by HPA dysfunction. Results are interpreted through a developmental psychopathology lens, emphasizing the principle of equifinality while carefully appraising racial differences. Implications for future research, particularly the need for longitudinal studies, and important methodological considerations are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420000589 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437 Are Children With Autism More Likely to Retain Object Names When Learning From Colour Photographs or Black-and-White Cartoons? / C. K. CARTER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-9 (September 2021)
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Titre : Are Children With Autism More Likely to Retain Object Names When Learning From Colour Photographs or Black-and-White Cartoons? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. K. CARTER, Auteur ; C. HARTLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3050-3062 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : African Americans Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Case-Control Studies Child Color Humans Autism spectrum disorder Fast mapping Iconicity Pictures Retention Word learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : For the first time, this study investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children matched on language comprehension (M age equivalent?=??~?44 months) are more likely to retain words when learning from colour photographs than black-and-white cartoons. Participants used mutual exclusivity to fast map novel word-picture relationships and retention was assessed following a 5-min delay. Children with ASD achieved significantly greater retention accuracy when learning from photographs rather than cartoons and, surprisingly, responded more accurately than TD children when learning from photographs. Our results demonstrate that children with ASD benefit from greater iconicity when learning words from pictures, providing a data-grounded rationale for using colour photographs when administering picture-based interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04771-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-9 (September 2021) . - p.3050-3062[article] Are Children With Autism More Likely to Retain Object Names When Learning From Colour Photographs or Black-and-White Cartoons? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. K. CARTER, Auteur ; C. HARTLEY, Auteur . - p.3050-3062.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-9 (September 2021) . - p.3050-3062
Mots-clés : African Americans Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Case-Control Studies Child Color Humans Autism spectrum disorder Fast mapping Iconicity Pictures Retention Word learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : For the first time, this study investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children matched on language comprehension (M age equivalent?=??~?44 months) are more likely to retain words when learning from colour photographs than black-and-white cartoons. Participants used mutual exclusivity to fast map novel word-picture relationships and retention was assessed following a 5-min delay. Children with ASD achieved significantly greater retention accuracy when learning from photographs rather than cartoons and, surprisingly, responded more accurately than TD children when learning from photographs. Our results demonstrate that children with ASD benefit from greater iconicity when learning words from pictures, providing a data-grounded rationale for using colour photographs when administering picture-based interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04771-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453 Brief Report: Initial Evidence of Depressive Symptom Disparities among Black and White Transition Age Autistic Youth / Ed-Dee G. WILLIAMS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-8 (August 2022)
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Titre : Brief Report: Initial Evidence of Depressive Symptom Disparities among Black and White Transition Age Autistic Youth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ed-Dee G. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Matthew J. SMITH, Auteur ; Kari SHERWOOD, Auteur ; Temple S. LOVELACE, Auteur ; Lauren BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3740-3745 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent African Americans Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Depression Healthcare Disparities Humans Whites Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The lived experience of being autistic and being Black in America both put youth at higher risk for developing depressive symptoms. However, there is a dearth of research examining potential disparities in autistic youth with depression. The current study examined disparities in depressive symptoms among a sample of Black and White autistic youth between the ages of 16 and 26 years old. Using analysis of covariance this study found that the Black autistic youth had significantly higher depressive symptoms than White autistic youth (m = 7.3, sd = 4.4 vs. m = 3.8, sd = 3.6; t = 2.6, p = 0.013). This study presents initial evidence of a significant racial disparity between Black and White autistic youth depressive symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05242-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-8 (August 2022) . - p.3740-3745[article] Brief Report: Initial Evidence of Depressive Symptom Disparities among Black and White Transition Age Autistic Youth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ed-Dee G. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Matthew J. SMITH, Auteur ; Kari SHERWOOD, Auteur ; Temple S. LOVELACE, Auteur ; Lauren BISHOP, Auteur . - p.3740-3745.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-8 (August 2022) . - p.3740-3745
Mots-clés : Adolescent African Americans Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Depression Healthcare Disparities Humans Whites Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The lived experience of being autistic and being Black in America both put youth at higher risk for developing depressive symptoms. However, there is a dearth of research examining potential disparities in autistic youth with depression. The current study examined disparities in depressive symptoms among a sample of Black and White autistic youth between the ages of 16 and 26 years old. Using analysis of covariance this study found that the Black autistic youth had significantly higher depressive symptoms than White autistic youth (m = 7.3, sd = 4.4 vs. m = 3.8, sd = 3.6; t = 2.6, p = 0.013). This study presents initial evidence of a significant racial disparity between Black and White autistic youth depressive symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05242-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485 Characterizing competence among a high-risk sample of emerging adults: Prospective predictions and biological considerations / Justin RUSSOTTI in Development and Psychopathology, 32-5 (December 2020)
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Titre : Characterizing competence among a high-risk sample of emerging adults: Prospective predictions and biological considerations Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Justin RUSSOTTI, Auteur ; Jennifer M. WARMINGHAM, Auteur ; Elizabeth D. HANDLEY, Auteur ; Fred A. ROGOSCH, Auteur ; Dante CICCHETTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1937-1953 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult African Americans C-Reactive Protein Child *Child Abuse Humans Male Poverty Prospective Studies *crp *adversity *child maltreatment *developmental competence *stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Few conditions epitomize severe and chronic stress to a greater extent than child maltreatment, which can derail development across multiple domains of functioning and throughout the life course. Furthermore, child maltreatment tends to co-occur with other adversities, such as poverty. Many individuals grow up under the stressful conditions of these adversities and exhibit developmental competence. The current study prospectively charted the developmental progression of economically disadvantaged maltreated and nonmaltreated children from childhood to emerging adulthood, and examined patterns of competence across multiple developmental domains of functioning central to the period of emerging adulthood. The study investigated childhood precursors to these patterns of adaptation and maladaptation, as well as the physiological cost of these patterns of adaptation (i.e., C-reactive protein; CRP). Latent class analysis revealed four distinct classes of functioning: multifaceted competence across domains (Multifaceted Competence); (multifaceted maladaptation across domains (Multi-Problem); (c) and two classes with mixed patterns of competence and maladaptation (Externalizing Problems and Work/School Impairment). Maltreated individuals were less likely than nonmaltreated individuals to demonstrate patterns of multifaceted competence and more likely to demonstrate aggregate maladaptation across domains. Additionally, Black men who demonstrated a pattern of multifaceted psychosocial competence also evidenced higher levels of low-grade inflammation (indexed by CRP), suggesting physiological distress was associated with adaptation in the context of stress among these individuals. Findings demonstrate the heterogenous patterns of functioning and diverse developmental outcomes that follow early adversity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001467 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437
in Development and Psychopathology > 32-5 (December 2020) . - p.1937-1953[article] Characterizing competence among a high-risk sample of emerging adults: Prospective predictions and biological considerations [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Justin RUSSOTTI, Auteur ; Jennifer M. WARMINGHAM, Auteur ; Elizabeth D. HANDLEY, Auteur ; Fred A. ROGOSCH, Auteur ; Dante CICCHETTI, Auteur . - p.1937-1953.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 32-5 (December 2020) . - p.1937-1953
Mots-clés : Adult African Americans C-Reactive Protein Child *Child Abuse Humans Male Poverty Prospective Studies *crp *adversity *child maltreatment *developmental competence *stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Few conditions epitomize severe and chronic stress to a greater extent than child maltreatment, which can derail development across multiple domains of functioning and throughout the life course. Furthermore, child maltreatment tends to co-occur with other adversities, such as poverty. Many individuals grow up under the stressful conditions of these adversities and exhibit developmental competence. The current study prospectively charted the developmental progression of economically disadvantaged maltreated and nonmaltreated children from childhood to emerging adulthood, and examined patterns of competence across multiple developmental domains of functioning central to the period of emerging adulthood. The study investigated childhood precursors to these patterns of adaptation and maladaptation, as well as the physiological cost of these patterns of adaptation (i.e., C-reactive protein; CRP). Latent class analysis revealed four distinct classes of functioning: multifaceted competence across domains (Multifaceted Competence); (multifaceted maladaptation across domains (Multi-Problem); (c) and two classes with mixed patterns of competence and maladaptation (Externalizing Problems and Work/School Impairment). Maltreated individuals were less likely than nonmaltreated individuals to demonstrate patterns of multifaceted competence and more likely to demonstrate aggregate maladaptation across domains. Additionally, Black men who demonstrated a pattern of multifaceted psychosocial competence also evidenced higher levels of low-grade inflammation (indexed by CRP), suggesting physiological distress was associated with adaptation in the context of stress among these individuals. Findings demonstrate the heterogenous patterns of functioning and diverse developmental outcomes that follow early adversity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001467 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437 Interaction of Blood Manganese Concentrations with GSTT1 in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jamaican Children / M. H. RAHBAR in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-6 (June 2021)
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