Autonomic dysfunction in autism: The roles of anxiety, depression, and stress / Emily C. TAYLOR in Autism, 25-3 (April 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-3 (April 2021) . - p.744-752 Titre : Autonomic dysfunction in autism: The roles of anxiety, depression, and stress Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emily C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Lucy A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Mitchell J. CALLAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.744-752 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  autonomic nervous system  heart rate variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for the functioning of the heart, bladder, pupils and several other bodily functions. Therefore, when the ANS functions abnormally, individuals can experience a number of physical symptoms, including dizziness, abnormal sweating and digestive difficulties. Currently, it is unclear if autistic adults experience ANS dysfunction. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether autistic adults report more ANS-related physical symptoms, indicating greater ANS dysfunction, and whether this may be related to autism, or rather anxiety, depression, or stress. The findings suggest that ANS dysfunction, where found in autism, is due to co-occurring stress and anxiety. We therefore propose that treating stress and anxiety may be an effective way to ameliorate ANS-related health problems in autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320985658 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Autonomic dysfunction in autism: The roles of anxiety, depression, and stress [texte imprimé] / Emily C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Lucy A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Mitchell J. CALLAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur . - p.744-752. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-3 (April 2021) . - p.744-752 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  autonomic nervous system  heart rate variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for the functioning of the heart, bladder, pupils and several other bodily functions. Therefore, when the ANS functions abnormally, individuals can experience a number of physical symptoms, including dizziness, abnormal sweating and digestive difficulties. Currently, it is unclear if autistic adults experience ANS dysfunction. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether autistic adults report more ANS-related physical symptoms, indicating greater ANS dysfunction, and whether this may be related to autism, or rather anxiety, depression, or stress. The findings suggest that ANS dysfunction, where found in autism, is due to co-occurring stress and anxiety. We therefore propose that treating stress and anxiety may be an effective way to ameliorate ANS-related health problems in autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320985658 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

Psychological strengths and well-being: Strengths use predicts quality of life, well-being and mental health in autism / Emily C. TAYLOR in Autism, 27-6 (August 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-6 (August 2023) . - p.1826-1839 Titre : Psychological strengths and well-being: Strengths use predicts quality of life, well-being and mental health in autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emily C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Lucy A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Rachel A. CLUTTERBUCK, Auteur ; Mitchell J. CALLAN, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1826-1839 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism;quality of life;strengths;strengths use;well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Strengths-based approaches to autism are increasing in research and clinical practice. Such approaches suggest facilitating autistic people to increase the use of their strengths leads to positive outcomes (e.g. improved well-being). However, despite proliferation of strengths-based clinical and educational interventions, these approaches are grounded on several assumptions that remain uninvestigated. Little is known about the specific strengths of autistic people, nor their current knowledge and use of their strengths. Critically, no research has directly tested if autistic people?s strengths knowledge and use is in fact associated with positive outcomes. Conducting an exploratory study, including the first well-powered comparisons of the self-reported strengths, strengths knowledge, and strengths use of matched autistic and non-autistic samples (N=276), we found that autistic and non-autistic participants reported similar strengths. While autistic people reported lower strengths knowledge and use, strengths use in autism strongly predicted better quality of life, subjective well-being, and lower levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Thus, strength-based approaches and clinical interventions designed to increase strengths use may pose a valuable method for boosting well-being in autism. However, we suggest such approaches should focus on individuals' strengths more generally, rather than perceived autism-specific abilities.Lay abstractIt is often suggested that supporting autistic people to identify and use their strengths will lead to positive outcomes. However, little research has explored if this is true. To date, no research has explored whether autistic people already have knowledge of and use their strengths, nor whether increased strengths knowledge and use is linked to good outcomes, such as a better quality of life, well-being and improved mental health. Comparing large samples of autistic and non-autistic people, this study tested these unanswered questions. We found that autistic and non-autistic people reported similar strengths, but autistic people reported less knowledge and use of their strengths compared to non-autistic people. Importantly however, autistic people who reported using their strengths often had better quality of life, well-being and mental health than autistic people who reported using their strengths less frequently. We, therefore, propose that supporting autistic people to use their strengths more often may be a valuable way to boost well-being in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221146440 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=509 [article] Psychological strengths and well-being: Strengths use predicts quality of life, well-being and mental health in autism [texte imprimé] / Emily C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Lucy A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Rachel A. CLUTTERBUCK, Auteur ; Mitchell J. CALLAN, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur . - p.1826-1839. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-6 (August 2023) . - p.1826-1839 Mots-clés : autism;quality of life;strengths;strengths use;well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Strengths-based approaches to autism are increasing in research and clinical practice. Such approaches suggest facilitating autistic people to increase the use of their strengths leads to positive outcomes (e.g. improved well-being). However, despite proliferation of strengths-based clinical and educational interventions, these approaches are grounded on several assumptions that remain uninvestigated. Little is known about the specific strengths of autistic people, nor their current knowledge and use of their strengths. Critically, no research has directly tested if autistic people?s strengths knowledge and use is in fact associated with positive outcomes. Conducting an exploratory study, including the first well-powered comparisons of the self-reported strengths, strengths knowledge, and strengths use of matched autistic and non-autistic samples (N=276), we found that autistic and non-autistic participants reported similar strengths. While autistic people reported lower strengths knowledge and use, strengths use in autism strongly predicted better quality of life, subjective well-being, and lower levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Thus, strength-based approaches and clinical interventions designed to increase strengths use may pose a valuable method for boosting well-being in autism. However, we suggest such approaches should focus on individuals' strengths more generally, rather than perceived autism-specific abilities.Lay abstractIt is often suggested that supporting autistic people to identify and use their strengths will lead to positive outcomes. However, little research has explored if this is true. To date, no research has explored whether autistic people already have knowledge of and use their strengths, nor whether increased strengths knowledge and use is linked to good outcomes, such as a better quality of life, well-being and improved mental health. Comparing large samples of autistic and non-autistic people, this study tested these unanswered questions. We found that autistic and non-autistic people reported similar strengths, but autistic people reported less knowledge and use of their strengths compared to non-autistic people. Importantly however, autistic people who reported using their strengths often had better quality of life, well-being and mental health than autistic people who reported using their strengths less frequently. We, therefore, propose that supporting autistic people to use their strengths more often may be a valuable way to boost well-being in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221146440 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=509

Revised scored Sensory Perception Quotient reveals sensory hypersensitivity in women with autism / Emily TAYLOR in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 18 p. Titre : Revised scored Sensory Perception Quotient reveals sensory hypersensitivity in women with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emily TAYLOR, Auteur ; Rosemary J. HOLT, Auteur ; Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  Broader autism phenotype  Hypersensitivity  Sensory  Sensory Perception Quotient  females Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Previous research using the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ) has reported greater sensory hypersensitivity in people with autism spectrum condition (ASC) compared to controls, consistent with other research. However, current scoring of the SPQ does not differentiate between hyper and hyposensitivity, making it uncertain whether individuals with ASC might also show differences in hyposensitivity. Furthermore, no research to date has focused on sensory differences in females, and whether differences in sensory sensitivity extend to the broader autism phenotype (BAP). The present study aimed to fill these gaps. METHODS: The present study developed and validated a Revised Scoring of the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ-RS) in order to investigate self-reported hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity in three groups of adults: a female ASC group (n = 152), mothers of children with ASC (BAP mothers group; n = 103), and a control mothers group (n = 74). All participants completed the SPQ as a self-report measure of sensory processing and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) as a measure of the degree of autism traits. RESULTS: The female ASC group reported significantly more hypersensitivity, but not more hyposensitivity, compared to the control female and BAP mothers groups. The BAP mothers group did not differ from the control mothers group in either reported hypersensitivity (p = .365) or hyposensitivity (p = .075), suggesting atypical sensory sensitivity is not a BAP trait within females. SPQ-RS hypersensitivity scores positively correlated with autistic traits in the female ASC (r = .266) and BAP mothers groups (r = .350). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings revealed greater sensory hypersensitivity, but not hyposensitivity, in females with ASC compared to BAP and control female groups, and that a greater degree of autism traits relates to higher hypersensitivity in ASC females. The results offer support for the enhanced perceptual functioning model using large samples of females, who are an understudied population, and demonstrate the validity of the SPQ-RS as a valuable new research tool for exploring self-reported hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0289-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427 [article] Revised scored Sensory Perception Quotient reveals sensory hypersensitivity in women with autism [texte imprimé] / Emily TAYLOR, Auteur ; Rosemary J. HOLT, Auteur ; Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 18 p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  Broader autism phenotype  Hypersensitivity  Sensory  Sensory Perception Quotient  females Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Previous research using the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ) has reported greater sensory hypersensitivity in people with autism spectrum condition (ASC) compared to controls, consistent with other research. However, current scoring of the SPQ does not differentiate between hyper and hyposensitivity, making it uncertain whether individuals with ASC might also show differences in hyposensitivity. Furthermore, no research to date has focused on sensory differences in females, and whether differences in sensory sensitivity extend to the broader autism phenotype (BAP). The present study aimed to fill these gaps. METHODS: The present study developed and validated a Revised Scoring of the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ-RS) in order to investigate self-reported hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity in three groups of adults: a female ASC group (n = 152), mothers of children with ASC (BAP mothers group; n = 103), and a control mothers group (n = 74). All participants completed the SPQ as a self-report measure of sensory processing and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) as a measure of the degree of autism traits. RESULTS: The female ASC group reported significantly more hypersensitivity, but not more hyposensitivity, compared to the control female and BAP mothers groups. The BAP mothers group did not differ from the control mothers group in either reported hypersensitivity (p = .365) or hyposensitivity (p = .075), suggesting atypical sensory sensitivity is not a BAP trait within females. SPQ-RS hypersensitivity scores positively correlated with autistic traits in the female ASC (r = .266) and BAP mothers groups (r = .350). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings revealed greater sensory hypersensitivity, but not hyposensitivity, in females with ASC compared to BAP and control female groups, and that a greater degree of autism traits relates to higher hypersensitivity in ASC females. The results offer support for the enhanced perceptual functioning model using large samples of females, who are an understudied population, and demonstrate the validity of the SPQ-RS as a valuable new research tool for exploring self-reported hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0289-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427

Understanding the Contributions of Trait Autism and Anxiety to Extreme Demand Avoidance in the Adult General Population / Rhianna WHITE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-7 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-7 (July 2023) . - p.2680-2688 Titre : Understanding the Contributions of Trait Autism and Anxiety to Extreme Demand Avoidance in the Adult General Population Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rhianna WHITE, Auteur ; Lucy A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Emily C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Scarlett A.D. CLOSE, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Mitchell J. CALLAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2680-2688 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism and anxiety are thought to be related to extreme demand avoidance (EDA), which is characterised by intense avoidance of everyday demands. However, the relative importance of autism and anxiety to EDA has yet to be investigated, and little is known about EDA in adulthood. We conducted two online survey studies (Ns = 267 and 549) with adults in the general population to establish the relative importance of autistic traits and anxiety as predictors of demand avoidance, using dominance analysis. Both autistic traits and anxiety were unique and equally important predictors of demand avoidance. These findings suggest EDA is linked to autism and are consistent with the theory that demand avoidance behaviours are potentially anxiety-driven in adults. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05469-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508 [article] Understanding the Contributions of Trait Autism and Anxiety to Extreme Demand Avoidance in the Adult General Population [texte imprimé] / Rhianna WHITE, Auteur ; Lucy A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Emily C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Scarlett A.D. CLOSE, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Mitchell J. CALLAN, Auteur . - p.2680-2688. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-7 (July 2023) . - p.2680-2688 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism and anxiety are thought to be related to extreme demand avoidance (EDA), which is characterised by intense avoidance of everyday demands. However, the relative importance of autism and anxiety to EDA has yet to be investigated, and little is known about EDA in adulthood. We conducted two online survey studies (Ns = 267 and 549) with adults in the general population to establish the relative importance of autistic traits and anxiety as predictors of demand avoidance, using dominance analysis. Both autistic traits and anxiety were unique and equally important predictors of demand avoidance. These findings suggest EDA is linked to autism and are consistent with the theory that demand avoidance behaviours are potentially anxiety-driven in adults. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05469-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508

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