Computer Vision Analysis of Reduced Interpersonal Affect Coordination in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Casey J. ZAMPELLA in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2133-2142 Titre : Computer Vision Analysis of Reduced Interpersonal Affect Coordination in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Casey J. ZAMPELLA, Auteur ; Loisa BENNETTO, Auteur ; John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2133-2142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : affect/emotion  computer vision  facial expression  interpersonal coordination  social-emotional reciprocity  synchrony Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical social-emotional reciprocity is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but can be difficult to operationalize. One measurable manifestation of reciprocity may be interpersonal coordination, the tendency to align the form and timing of one's behaviors (including facial affect) with others. Interpersonal affect coordination facilitates sharing and understanding of emotional cues, and there is evidence that it is reduced in ASD. However, most research has not measured this process in true social contexts, due in part to a lack of tools for measuring dynamic facial expressions over the course of an interaction. Automated facial analysis via computer vision provides an efficient, granular, objective method for measuring naturally occurring facial affect and coordination. Youth with ASD and matched typically developing youth participated in cooperative conversations with their mothers and unfamiliar adults. Time-synchronized videos were analyzed with an open-source computer vision toolkit for automated facial analysis, for the presence and intensity of facial movements associated with positive affect. Both youth and adult conversation partners exhibited less positive affect during conversations when the youth partner had ASD. Youth with ASD also engaged in less affect coordination over the course of conversations. When considered dimensionally across youth with and without ASD, affect coordination significantly predicted scores on rating scales of autism-related social atypicality, adaptive social skills, and empathy. Findings suggest that affect coordination is an important interpersonal process with implications for broader social-emotional functioning. This preliminary study introduces a promising novel method for quantifying moment-to-moment facial expression and emotional reciprocity during natural interactions. LAY SUMMARY: This study introduces a novel, automated method for measuring social-emotional reciprocity during natural conversations, which may improve assessment of this core autism diagnostic behavior. We used computerized methods to measure facial affect and the degree of affect coordination between conversation partners. Youth with autism displayed reduced affect coordination, and reduced affect coordination predicted lower scores on measures of broader social-emotional skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2334 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Computer Vision Analysis of Reduced Interpersonal Affect Coordination in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Casey J. ZAMPELLA, Auteur ; Loisa BENNETTO, Auteur ; John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur . - p.2133-2142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2133-2142 Mots-clés : affect/emotion  computer vision  facial expression  interpersonal coordination  social-emotional reciprocity  synchrony Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical social-emotional reciprocity is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but can be difficult to operationalize. One measurable manifestation of reciprocity may be interpersonal coordination, the tendency to align the form and timing of one's behaviors (including facial affect) with others. Interpersonal affect coordination facilitates sharing and understanding of emotional cues, and there is evidence that it is reduced in ASD. However, most research has not measured this process in true social contexts, due in part to a lack of tools for measuring dynamic facial expressions over the course of an interaction. Automated facial analysis via computer vision provides an efficient, granular, objective method for measuring naturally occurring facial affect and coordination. Youth with ASD and matched typically developing youth participated in cooperative conversations with their mothers and unfamiliar adults. Time-synchronized videos were analyzed with an open-source computer vision toolkit for automated facial analysis, for the presence and intensity of facial movements associated with positive affect. Both youth and adult conversation partners exhibited less positive affect during conversations when the youth partner had ASD. Youth with ASD also engaged in less affect coordination over the course of conversations. When considered dimensionally across youth with and without ASD, affect coordination significantly predicted scores on rating scales of autism-related social atypicality, adaptive social skills, and empathy. Findings suggest that affect coordination is an important interpersonal process with implications for broader social-emotional functioning. This preliminary study introduces a promising novel method for quantifying moment-to-moment facial expression and emotional reciprocity during natural interactions. LAY SUMMARY: This study introduces a novel, automated method for measuring social-emotional reciprocity during natural conversations, which may improve assessment of this core autism diagnostic behavior. We used computerized methods to measure facial affect and the degree of affect coordination between conversation partners. Youth with autism displayed reduced affect coordination, and reduced affect coordination predicted lower scores on measures of broader social-emotional skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2334 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Evidence against the "normalization" prediction of the early brain overgrowth hypothesis of autism / Lisa D. YANKOWITZ in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 51 p. Titre : Evidence against the "normalization" prediction of the early brain overgrowth hypothesis of autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa D. YANKOWITZ, Auteur ; John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; Benjamin E YERYS, Auteur ; Joseph A. PEREIRA, Auteur ; Juhi PANDEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 51 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism  Brain volume  Iq  Mri  Structural imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The frequently cited Early Overgrowth Hypothesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) postulates that there is overgrowth of the brain in the first 2 years of life, which is followed by a period of arrested growth leading to normalized brain volume in late childhood and beyond. While there is consistent evidence for early brain overgrowth, there is mixed evidence for normalization of brain volume by middle childhood. The outcome of this debate is important to understanding the etiology and neurodevelopmental trajectories of ASD. METHODS: Brain volume was examined in two very large single-site samples of children, adolescents, and adults. The primary sample comprised 456 6-25-year-olds (ASD n = 240, typically developing controls (TDC) n = 216), including a large number of females (n = 102) and spanning a wide IQ range (47-158). The replication sample included 175 males. High-resolution T1-weighted anatomical MRI images were examined for group differences in total brain, cerebellar, ventricular, gray, and white matter volumes. RESULTS: The ASD group had significantly larger total brain, cerebellar, gray matter, white matter, and lateral ventricular volumes in both samples, indicating that brain volume remains enlarged through young adulthood, rather than normalizing. There were no significant age or sex interactions with diagnosis in these measures. However, a significant diagnosis-by-IQ interaction was detected in the larger sample, such that increased brain volume was related to higher IQ in the TDCs, but not in the ASD group. Regions-of-significance analysis indicated that total brain volume was larger in ASD than TDC for individuals with IQ less than 115, providing a potential explanation for prior inconsistent brain size results. No relationships were found between brain volume and measures of autism symptom severity within the ASD group. LIMITATIONS: Our cross-sectional sample may not reflect individual changes over time in brain volume and cannot quantify potential changes in volume prior to age 6. CONCLUSIONS: These findings challenge the "normalization" prediction of the brain overgrowth hypothesis by demonstrating that brain enlargement persists across childhood into early adulthood. The findings raise questions about the clinical implications of brain enlargement, since we find that it neither confers cognitive benefits nor predicts increased symptom severity in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00353-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427 [article] Evidence against the "normalization" prediction of the early brain overgrowth hypothesis of autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa D. YANKOWITZ, Auteur ; John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; Benjamin E YERYS, Auteur ; Joseph A. PEREIRA, Auteur ; Juhi PANDEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur . - 2020 . - 51 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 51 p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism  Brain volume  Iq  Mri  Structural imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The frequently cited Early Overgrowth Hypothesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) postulates that there is overgrowth of the brain in the first 2 years of life, which is followed by a period of arrested growth leading to normalized brain volume in late childhood and beyond. While there is consistent evidence for early brain overgrowth, there is mixed evidence for normalization of brain volume by middle childhood. The outcome of this debate is important to understanding the etiology and neurodevelopmental trajectories of ASD. METHODS: Brain volume was examined in two very large single-site samples of children, adolescents, and adults. The primary sample comprised 456 6-25-year-olds (ASD n = 240, typically developing controls (TDC) n = 216), including a large number of females (n = 102) and spanning a wide IQ range (47-158). The replication sample included 175 males. High-resolution T1-weighted anatomical MRI images were examined for group differences in total brain, cerebellar, ventricular, gray, and white matter volumes. RESULTS: The ASD group had significantly larger total brain, cerebellar, gray matter, white matter, and lateral ventricular volumes in both samples, indicating that brain volume remains enlarged through young adulthood, rather than normalizing. There were no significant age or sex interactions with diagnosis in these measures. However, a significant diagnosis-by-IQ interaction was detected in the larger sample, such that increased brain volume was related to higher IQ in the TDCs, but not in the ASD group. Regions-of-significance analysis indicated that total brain volume was larger in ASD than TDC for individuals with IQ less than 115, providing a potential explanation for prior inconsistent brain size results. No relationships were found between brain volume and measures of autism symptom severity within the ASD group. LIMITATIONS: Our cross-sectional sample may not reflect individual changes over time in brain volume and cannot quantify potential changes in volume prior to age 6. CONCLUSIONS: These findings challenge the "normalization" prediction of the brain overgrowth hypothesis by demonstrating that brain enlargement persists across childhood into early adulthood. The findings raise questions about the clinical implications of brain enlargement, since we find that it neither confers cognitive benefits nor predicts increased symptom severity in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00353-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427

Reliability and validity of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale modified for autism spectrum disorder / Brenna B MADDOX in Autism, 24-7 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 24-7 (October 2020) . - p.1773-1782 Titre : Reliability and validity of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale modified for autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brenna B MADDOX, Auteur ; Luc LECAVALIER, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Jill PRITCHETT, Auteur ; Jill HOLLWAY, Auteur ; Susan W. WHITE, Auteur ; Scott GILLESPIE, Auteur ; Andrea Nichole EVANS, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; Karen E. BEARSS, Auteur ; Lawrence SCAHILL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1773-1782 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : *Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale  *anxiety  *assessment  *autism spectrum disorder  *reliability  *validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many youth with autism spectrum disorder have anxiety, but it can be difficult to assess anxiety with existing measures. We modified the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder and tested the new measure in a group of 116 youth (age: 5-17?years) with autism spectrum disorder. The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder is an interview that a clinician usually completes with the child and parent together. We modified the interview questions and scoring instructions based on feedback from parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and from a panel of experts in autism spectrum disorder and anxiety. Unlike many other anxiety measures, the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder relies less on a child's verbal expression of anxiety and more on signs that a parent can easily observe. Training clinicians to administer and score the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder was uncomplicated, and raters showed excellent agreement on video-recorded interviews. Youth who were not currently in treatment for anxiety had stable Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder scores with repeat measurement over a 1-month period. The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder is a useful clinician-rated measure of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder and fills a gap for assessing anxiety in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320922682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Reliability and validity of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale modified for autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brenna B MADDOX, Auteur ; Luc LECAVALIER, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Jill PRITCHETT, Auteur ; Jill HOLLWAY, Auteur ; Susan W. WHITE, Auteur ; Scott GILLESPIE, Auteur ; Andrea Nichole EVANS, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; John D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; Karen E. BEARSS, Auteur ; Lawrence SCAHILL, Auteur . - p.1773-1782. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 24-7 (October 2020) . - p.1773-1782 Mots-clés : *Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale  *anxiety  *assessment  *autism spectrum disorder  *reliability  *validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many youth with autism spectrum disorder have anxiety, but it can be difficult to assess anxiety with existing measures. We modified the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder and tested the new measure in a group of 116 youth (age: 5-17?years) with autism spectrum disorder. The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder is an interview that a clinician usually completes with the child and parent together. We modified the interview questions and scoring instructions based on feedback from parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and from a panel of experts in autism spectrum disorder and anxiety. Unlike many other anxiety measures, the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder relies less on a child's verbal expression of anxiety and more on signs that a parent can easily observe. Training clinicians to administer and score the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder was uncomplicated, and raters showed excellent agreement on video-recorded interviews. Youth who were not currently in treatment for anxiety had stable Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder scores with repeat measurement over a 1-month period. The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder is a useful clinician-rated measure of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder and fills a gap for assessing anxiety in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320922682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

---

1 (1 - 3 / 3)