Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder / Marilena M. DEMAYO in Autism Research, 14-5 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.859-872 Titre : Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Yun Ju C. SONG, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma E. THOMAS, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.859-872 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)  biomarker  children  magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)  neurochemistry  parietal lobe Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is essential to the balance of cortical excitation and inhibition. Reductions in GABA are proposed to result in an overly excitatory cortex that may cause, or contribute to, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore GABA+ differences in ASD and the impact of age, comparing 4-12?year olds with ASD (N = 24) to typically developing children (N = 35). GABA+ concentration was measured using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the left parietal lobe. This study used a mixed model to investigate group differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. There was a significant difference in GABA+ levels between the groups, a significant effect of age and interaction between age and diagnostic group. The ASD group showed an association between GABA+ and age, with GABA+ levels gradually increasing with age (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Typically developing children did not show age-related change in GABA+ concentration (r = 0.09, p?= 0.60). By the age of 9, children with ASD showed GABA+ levels that were comparable to their typically developing peers. This study suggests that children with ASD have initially lower levels of GABA+ in the left parietal lobe compared to typically developing children, and that these initially lower levels of GABA+ increase with age in ASD within this region. It is suggested that this developmental shift of GABA+ levels within the left parietal lobe provides a possible explanation for the previously found reductions in childhood that does not persist in adults. LAY SUMMARY: This study measured levels of GABA in the left parietal lobe using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with ASD and typically developing children. GABA levels were initially lower in the ASD group, and increased with age, while GABA did not change with age in the typically developing group. This suggests that alterations in GABA signaling may be associated with ASD in childhood. Autism Res 2021, 14: 859-872. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2487 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Yun Ju C. SONG, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma E. THOMAS, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - p.859-872. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.859-872 Mots-clés : GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)  biomarker  children  magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)  neurochemistry  parietal lobe Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is essential to the balance of cortical excitation and inhibition. Reductions in GABA are proposed to result in an overly excitatory cortex that may cause, or contribute to, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore GABA+ differences in ASD and the impact of age, comparing 4-12?year olds with ASD (N = 24) to typically developing children (N = 35). GABA+ concentration was measured using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the left parietal lobe. This study used a mixed model to investigate group differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. There was a significant difference in GABA+ levels between the groups, a significant effect of age and interaction between age and diagnostic group. The ASD group showed an association between GABA+ and age, with GABA+ levels gradually increasing with age (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Typically developing children did not show age-related change in GABA+ concentration (r = 0.09, p?= 0.60). By the age of 9, children with ASD showed GABA+ levels that were comparable to their typically developing peers. This study suggests that children with ASD have initially lower levels of GABA+ in the left parietal lobe compared to typically developing children, and that these initially lower levels of GABA+ increase with age in ASD within this region. It is suggested that this developmental shift of GABA+ levels within the left parietal lobe provides a possible explanation for the previously found reductions in childhood that does not persist in adults. LAY SUMMARY: This study measured levels of GABA in the left parietal lobe using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with ASD and typically developing children. GABA levels were initially lower in the ASD group, and increased with age, while GABA did not change with age in the typically developing group. This suggests that alterations in GABA signaling may be associated with ASD in childhood. Autism Res 2021, 14: 859-872. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2487 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity / Rinku THAPA in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.75-95 Titre : Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma THOMAS, Auteur ; Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; Slade MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Indra SEDELI, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.75-95 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autonomic nervous system  heart rate variability  parasympathetic nervous system  psychotropic medication  social development  sympathetic nervous system  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a common marker of autonomic dysfunction that contributes to poor health outcomes. While some studies have suggested that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show reduced HRV, research is yet to consider whether this may be associated with medication use and symptom severity. This study examined the relationship between resting state HRV, medication use and symptom severity in children diagnosed with ASD. Children with ASD (N = 86), aged between 3 and 12?years (M = 8.09), were compared to 44 neurotypical children of similar age (M = 7.15). Laboratory assessment of HRV involved 5?min of non-invasive baseline electrocardiogram assessments while participants viewed an age-appropriate non-verbal animated video. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV measures were analyzed. ASD symptom severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Results indicated that children with ASD exhibited reduced resting HRV relative to neurotypical children. Subsequent analyses within the ASD group suggested that this group difference was greater in children who were taking psychotropic medication (N = 36). Our data also provides tentative evidence of a relationship between HRV and social impairment symptoms in children with ASD, with more severe repetitive behaviors (as measured by the ADOS-2) associated with decreased resting HRV. Overall, these findings suggest that HRV may be atypical in children with ASD and suggest the importance of exploring HRV as a risk factor for cardiovascular health in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Cardiac activity, such as heart rate variability (HRV), can provide insight into the autonomic nervous system. This study reports on the association between resting-state HRV and autonomic nervous system activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical children. These results may help us understand what underlies autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased cardiovascular risk in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2437 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma THOMAS, Auteur ; Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; Slade MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Indra SEDELI, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - p.75-95. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.75-95 Mots-clés : autonomic nervous system  heart rate variability  parasympathetic nervous system  psychotropic medication  social development  sympathetic nervous system  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a common marker of autonomic dysfunction that contributes to poor health outcomes. While some studies have suggested that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show reduced HRV, research is yet to consider whether this may be associated with medication use and symptom severity. This study examined the relationship between resting state HRV, medication use and symptom severity in children diagnosed with ASD. Children with ASD (N = 86), aged between 3 and 12?years (M = 8.09), were compared to 44 neurotypical children of similar age (M = 7.15). Laboratory assessment of HRV involved 5?min of non-invasive baseline electrocardiogram assessments while participants viewed an age-appropriate non-verbal animated video. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV measures were analyzed. ASD symptom severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Results indicated that children with ASD exhibited reduced resting HRV relative to neurotypical children. Subsequent analyses within the ASD group suggested that this group difference was greater in children who were taking psychotropic medication (N = 36). Our data also provides tentative evidence of a relationship between HRV and social impairment symptoms in children with ASD, with more severe repetitive behaviors (as measured by the ADOS-2) associated with decreased resting HRV. Overall, these findings suggest that HRV may be atypical in children with ASD and suggest the importance of exploring HRV as a risk factor for cardiovascular health in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Cardiac activity, such as heart rate variability (HRV), can provide insight into the autonomic nervous system. This study reports on the association between resting-state HRV and autonomic nervous system activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical children. These results may help us understand what underlies autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased cardiovascular risk in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2437 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Modified CBT for social anxiety and social functioning in young adults with autism spectrum disorder / Emily R. BEMMER in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 11p. Titre : Modified CBT for social anxiety and social functioning in young adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily R. BEMMER, Auteur ; Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; Emma E. THOMAS, Auteur ; Ben LARKE, Auteur ; Suncica LAH, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 11p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Cognitive–behavioural therapy  Group  Intervention  Mental health  Social anxiety  Social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There is a strong research imperative to investigate effective treatment options for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Elevated social anxiety, difficulties with social functioning and poor mental health have all been identified as core treatment targets for this group. While theoretical models posit a strong bidirectionality between social anxiety and ASD social functioning deficits, few interventions have targeted both domains concurrently. Of the two group interventions previously conducted with adolescents and adults with ASD, significant results have only been observed in either social anxiety or social functioning, and have not generalised to changes in overall mood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential benefit, tolerability and acceptability of a group cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) intervention in young adults with ASD. Primary treatment outcomes were social anxiety symptoms and social functioning difficulties; secondary outcomes were self-reported mood and overall distress. METHOD: Ten groups of participants completed an eight-week, modified group CBT intervention targeting both social anxiety and social functioning, that included social skills training, exposure tasks and behavioural experiment components. Seventy-eight adolescents and young adults with ASD, without intellectual impairment, aged between 16 and 38 (M?=?22.77; SD?=?5.31), were recruited from the community, Headspace centres and the Autism Clinic for Translational Research at the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney. Outcomes (social anxiety, social functioning and mood) were measured pre- and post-intervention via self-report questionnaires (administered either online or through the return of hard-copy booklets), and participants were invited to provide anonymous feedback on the intervention (at the mid-point and end of the intervention). RESULTS: Participants demonstrated statistically significant improvements on all outcome measures in response to the intervention. Specifically, social anxiety symptoms decreased (p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00418-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=442 [article] Modified CBT for social anxiety and social functioning in young adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily R. BEMMER, Auteur ; Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; Emma E. THOMAS, Auteur ; Ben LARKE, Auteur ; Suncica LAH, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - 11p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 11p. Mots-clés : Autism  Cognitive–behavioural therapy  Group  Intervention  Mental health  Social anxiety  Social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There is a strong research imperative to investigate effective treatment options for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Elevated social anxiety, difficulties with social functioning and poor mental health have all been identified as core treatment targets for this group. While theoretical models posit a strong bidirectionality between social anxiety and ASD social functioning deficits, few interventions have targeted both domains concurrently. Of the two group interventions previously conducted with adolescents and adults with ASD, significant results have only been observed in either social anxiety or social functioning, and have not generalised to changes in overall mood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential benefit, tolerability and acceptability of a group cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) intervention in young adults with ASD. Primary treatment outcomes were social anxiety symptoms and social functioning difficulties; secondary outcomes were self-reported mood and overall distress. METHOD: Ten groups of participants completed an eight-week, modified group CBT intervention targeting both social anxiety and social functioning, that included social skills training, exposure tasks and behavioural experiment components. Seventy-eight adolescents and young adults with ASD, without intellectual impairment, aged between 16 and 38 (M?=?22.77; SD?=?5.31), were recruited from the community, Headspace centres and the Autism Clinic for Translational Research at the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney. Outcomes (social anxiety, social functioning and mood) were measured pre- and post-intervention via self-report questionnaires (administered either online or through the return of hard-copy booklets), and participants were invited to provide anonymous feedback on the intervention (at the mid-point and end of the intervention). RESULTS: Participants demonstrated statistically significant improvements on all outcome measures in response to the intervention. Specifically, social anxiety symptoms decreased (p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00418-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=442

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