Behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome: relationship to genetic subtypes and age / Elisabeth M. DYKENS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49-9 (September 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 49-9 (September 2008) . - p.1001-1008 Titre : Behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome: relationship to genetic subtypes and age Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1001-1008 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prader-Willi-syndrome genetic-subtypes age CYFIP1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Some behavioral features of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are associated with the major genetic subtypes of this disorder. While most agree that those with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) have a distinctive cognitive and psychiatric profile, findings are more controversial regarding possible differences among persons who vary in paternal deletion size. Methods: Caregivers of 88 persons with PWS aged 5 to 51 years (M = 22 years) were administered measures of problem behavior, compulsivity, hyperphagia, and adaptive skills. The sample was well characterized as having relatively large, Type I (n = 26) or smaller, Type II (n = 29) deletions, or UPD (n = 33). Results: No significant behavioral differences were found between the Type I versus Type II deletion groups. Within each genetic subtype, however, differences emerged in how advancing age related to behavior. Although age did not emerge as a significant correlate of behavior in the Type II or UPD groups, in the Type I group age was consistently associated with lower problem behaviors, adaptive skills, and externalizing symptoms. Conclusion: Although differences between deletion subtypes were not found, significant within-subtype differences emerged in relationships between age and behavior. Negative associations between age and behavior in the Type I group only may relate to non-imprinted genes that are deleted in Type I but not Type II cases, including CYFIP1. Altered expression of CYFIP1 is seen in other developmental disabilities, including 15q disorders, and haploinsufficiency of CYFIP1 in Type I PWS cases may be associated with age-related phenotypic effects. Findings underscore the importance of a life-span perspective in phenotypic research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01913.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=559 [article] Behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome: relationship to genetic subtypes and age [texte imprimé] / Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1001-1008. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 49-9 (September 2008) . - p.1001-1008 Mots-clés : Prader-Willi-syndrome genetic-subtypes age CYFIP1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Some behavioral features of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are associated with the major genetic subtypes of this disorder. While most agree that those with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) have a distinctive cognitive and psychiatric profile, findings are more controversial regarding possible differences among persons who vary in paternal deletion size. Methods: Caregivers of 88 persons with PWS aged 5 to 51 years (M = 22 years) were administered measures of problem behavior, compulsivity, hyperphagia, and adaptive skills. The sample was well characterized as having relatively large, Type I (n = 26) or smaller, Type II (n = 29) deletions, or UPD (n = 33). Results: No significant behavioral differences were found between the Type I versus Type II deletion groups. Within each genetic subtype, however, differences emerged in how advancing age related to behavior. Although age did not emerge as a significant correlate of behavior in the Type II or UPD groups, in the Type I group age was consistently associated with lower problem behaviors, adaptive skills, and externalizing symptoms. Conclusion: Although differences between deletion subtypes were not found, significant within-subtype differences emerged in relationships between age and behavior. Negative associations between age and behavior in the Type I group only may relate to non-imprinted genes that are deleted in Type I but not Type II cases, including CYFIP1. Altered expression of CYFIP1 is seen in other developmental disabilities, including 15q disorders, and haploinsufficiency of CYFIP1 in Type I PWS cases may be associated with age-related phenotypic effects. Findings underscore the importance of a life-span perspective in phenotypic research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01913.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=559

Behavioral features in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): consensus paper from the International PWS Clinical Trial Consortium / Lauren SCHWARTZ in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 13 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 13 (2021) Titre : Behavioral features in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): consensus paper from the International PWS Clinical Trial Consortium Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lauren SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Assumpta CAIXÀS, Auteur ; Anastasia DIMITROPOULOS, Auteur ; Elisabeth DYKENS, Auteur ; Jessica DUIS, Auteur ; Stewart EINFELD, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Anthony HOLLAND, Auteur ; Lauren RICE, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur ; Parisa SALEHI, Auteur ; Theresa STRONG, Auteur ; Bonnie TAYLOR, Auteur ; Kate WOODCOCK, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  Consensus  Humans  Prader-Willi Syndrome/therapy  Quality of Life  Behavior  Hyperphagia  Obsessive–compulsive  Patient vignettes  Prader-Willi syndrome  Rigidity  Social cognition  Temper outbursts  Willi Research AC–no competing interests AD–no competing interests ED–no  competing interests JD–no competing interests SE–no competing interests AH–no  competing interests LR–no competing interests ER–no competing interest PS is  involved in clinical research funded by Soleno Therapeutics, Inc. & Millendo  Therapeutics, Inc. TS is an employee of Foundation for Prader Willi Research  (FPWR) and Director of Research Programs at FPWR BT–no competing interests KW–no  competing interests Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder associated with a characteristic behavioral phenotype that includes severe hyperphagia and a variety of other behavioral challenges such as temper outbursts and anxiety. These behaviors have a significant and dramatic impact on the daily functioning and quality of life for the person with PWS and their families. To date, effective therapies addressing these behavioral challenges have proven elusive, but several potential treatments are on the horizon. However, a limiting factor for treatment studies in PWS is the lack of consensus in the field regarding how to best define and measure the complex and interrelated behavioral features of this syndrome. The International PWS Clinical Trials Consortium (PWS-CTC, www.pwsctc.org ) includes expert PWS scientists, clinicians, and patient advocacy organization representatives focused on facilitating clinical trials in this rare disease. To address the above gap in the field, members of the PWS-CTC "Behavior Outcomes Working Group" sought to develop a unified understanding of the key behavioral features in PWS and build a consensus regarding their definition and description. The primary focus of this paper is to present consensus definitions and descriptions of key phenotypic PWS behaviors including hyperphagia, temper outbursts, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, rigidity, and social cognition deficits. Patient vignettes are provided to illustrate the interrelatedness and impact of these behaviors. We also review some available assessment tools as well as new instruments in development which may be useful in measuring these behavioral features in PWS. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-021-09373-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574 [article] Behavioral features in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): consensus paper from the International PWS Clinical Trial Consortium [texte imprimé] / Lauren SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Assumpta CAIXÀS, Auteur ; Anastasia DIMITROPOULOS, Auteur ; Elisabeth DYKENS, Auteur ; Jessica DUIS, Auteur ; Stewart EINFELD, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Anthony HOLLAND, Auteur ; Lauren RICE, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur ; Parisa SALEHI, Auteur ; Theresa STRONG, Auteur ; Bonnie TAYLOR, Auteur ; Kate WOODCOCK, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 13 (2021) Mots-clés : Anxiety  Consensus  Humans  Prader-Willi Syndrome/therapy  Quality of Life  Behavior  Hyperphagia  Obsessive–compulsive  Patient vignettes  Prader-Willi syndrome  Rigidity  Social cognition  Temper outbursts  Willi Research AC–no competing interests AD–no competing interests ED–no  competing interests JD–no competing interests SE–no competing interests AH–no  competing interests LR–no competing interests ER–no competing interest PS is  involved in clinical research funded by Soleno Therapeutics, Inc. & Millendo  Therapeutics, Inc. TS is an employee of Foundation for Prader Willi Research  (FPWR) and Director of Research Programs at FPWR BT–no competing interests KW–no  competing interests Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder associated with a characteristic behavioral phenotype that includes severe hyperphagia and a variety of other behavioral challenges such as temper outbursts and anxiety. These behaviors have a significant and dramatic impact on the daily functioning and quality of life for the person with PWS and their families. To date, effective therapies addressing these behavioral challenges have proven elusive, but several potential treatments are on the horizon. However, a limiting factor for treatment studies in PWS is the lack of consensus in the field regarding how to best define and measure the complex and interrelated behavioral features of this syndrome. The International PWS Clinical Trials Consortium (PWS-CTC, www.pwsctc.org ) includes expert PWS scientists, clinicians, and patient advocacy organization representatives focused on facilitating clinical trials in this rare disease. To address the above gap in the field, members of the PWS-CTC "Behavior Outcomes Working Group" sought to develop a unified understanding of the key behavioral features in PWS and build a consensus regarding their definition and description. The primary focus of this paper is to present consensus definitions and descriptions of key phenotypic PWS behaviors including hyperphagia, temper outbursts, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, rigidity, and social cognition deficits. Patient vignettes are provided to illustrate the interrelatedness and impact of these behaviors. We also review some available assessment tools as well as new instruments in development which may be useful in measuring these behavioral features in PWS. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-021-09373-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574

Cognitive and adaptive advantages of growth hormone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome / Elisabeth M. DYKENS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.64-74 Titre : Cognitive and adaptive advantages of growth hormone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur ; Hailee HUNT-HAWKINS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.64-74 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prader-Willi syndrome  growth hormone treatment  cognition  adaptive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background People with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) typically have mild to moderate intellectual deficits, compulsivity, hyperphagia, obesity, and growth hormone deficiencies. Growth hormone treatment (GHT) in PWS has well-established salutatory effects on linear growth and body composition, yet cognitive benefits of GHT, seen in other patient groups, have not been well studied in PWS. Methods Study 1 included 96 children and youth with PWS aged 4–21 years who naturalistically varied in their exposures to GHT. Controlling for socioeconomic status, analyses compared cognitive and adaptive behavior test scores across age-matched treatment naïve versus growth hormone treated children. Study II assessed if age of treatment initiation or treatment duration was associated with subsequent cognition or adaptive behavior in 127, 4- to 21-year olds with PWS. Study III longitudinally examined cognitive and adaptive behavior in 168 participants who were either consistently on versus off GHT for up to 4–5 years. Results Compared to the treatment naïve group, children receiving GHT had significantly higher Verbal and Composite IQs, and adaptive communication and daily living skills. Children who began treatment before 12 months of age had higher Nonverbal and Composite IQs than children who began treatment between 1 and 5 years of age. Longitudinally, the groups differed in their intercepts, but not slopes, with each group showing stable IQ and adaptive behavior scores over time. Conclusions Cognitive and adaptive advantages should be considered an ancillary benefit and additional justification for GHT in people with PWS. Future efforts need to target apparent socioeconomic inequities in accessing GHT in the PWS population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12601 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Cognitive and adaptive advantages of growth hormone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome [texte imprimé] / Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur ; Hailee HUNT-HAWKINS, Auteur . - p.64-74. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.64-74 Mots-clés : Prader-Willi syndrome  growth hormone treatment  cognition  adaptive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background People with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) typically have mild to moderate intellectual deficits, compulsivity, hyperphagia, obesity, and growth hormone deficiencies. Growth hormone treatment (GHT) in PWS has well-established salutatory effects on linear growth and body composition, yet cognitive benefits of GHT, seen in other patient groups, have not been well studied in PWS. Methods Study 1 included 96 children and youth with PWS aged 4–21 years who naturalistically varied in their exposures to GHT. Controlling for socioeconomic status, analyses compared cognitive and adaptive behavior test scores across age-matched treatment naïve versus growth hormone treated children. Study II assessed if age of treatment initiation or treatment duration was associated with subsequent cognition or adaptive behavior in 127, 4- to 21-year olds with PWS. Study III longitudinally examined cognitive and adaptive behavior in 168 participants who were either consistently on versus off GHT for up to 4–5 years. Results Compared to the treatment naïve group, children receiving GHT had significantly higher Verbal and Composite IQs, and adaptive communication and daily living skills. Children who began treatment before 12 months of age had higher Nonverbal and Composite IQs than children who began treatment between 1 and 5 years of age. Longitudinally, the groups differed in their intercepts, but not slopes, with each group showing stable IQ and adaptive behavior scores over time. Conclusions Cognitive and adaptive advantages should be considered an ancillary benefit and additional justification for GHT in people with PWS. Future efforts need to target apparent socioeconomic inequities in accessing GHT in the PWS population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12601 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Diagnoses and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with Prader-Willi syndrome / Elisabeth M. DYKENS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 9-1 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 9-1 (December 2017) . - p.18 Titre : Diagnoses and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with Prader-Willi syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur ; Hailee HUNT-HAWKINS, Auteur ; Nathan DANKNER, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Carolyn M. SHIVERS, Auteur ; Christopher DANIELL, Auteur ; Soo-Jeong KIM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.18 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD screeners  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Best-estimate diagnoses  Insistence on sameness  Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)  Repetitive behavior  Social impairment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A small percentage of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have alterations in chromosome 15q11.2-q3, the critical region for Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Data are limited, however, on the rates and characteristics of ASD in PWS. Previous estimates of ASD in PWS (25 to 41%) are questionable as they are based solely on autism screeners given to parents. Inaccurate diagnoses of ASD in PWS can mislead intervention and future research. METHODS: One hundred forty-six children and youth with PWS aged 4 to 21 years (M = 11) were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2). An expert clinical team-made best-estimate ASD diagnoses based on ADOS-2 videotapes, calibrated severity scores, and children's developmental histories and indices of current functioning. Children were also administered the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2, and parents completed the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Scores were compared across children with PWS + ASD versus PWS only. The performance of an ASD screener, the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and the ADOS-2 were evaluated in relation to best-estimate diagnoses. RESULTS: Best-estimate diagnoses of ASD were made in 18 children, or 12.3% of the sample, and the majority of them had the maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) PWS genetic subtype. Compared to the PWS-only group, children with PWS + ASD had lower verbal and composite IQ's and adaptive daily living and socialization skills, as well as elevated stereotypies and restricted interests. Regardless of ASD status, compulsivity and insistence on sameness in routines or events were seen in 76-100% of children and were robustly correlated with lower adaptive functioning. The SCQ yielded a 29-49% chance that screen-positive cases will indeed have ASD. The ADOS-2 had higher sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Communication problems were seen in children who were ADOS-2 positive but deemed not to have ASD by the clinical team. CONCLUSIONS: Autism screeners should not be the sole index of probable ASD in PWS; children need to be directly observed and evaluated. Compulsivity and insistence on sameness are salient in PWS and likely impede adaptive functioning. Most children with PWS only evidenced sub-threshold problems in social interactions that could signal risks for other psychopathologies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9200-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=350 [article] Diagnoses and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with Prader-Willi syndrome [texte imprimé] / Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur ; Hailee HUNT-HAWKINS, Auteur ; Nathan DANKNER, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Carolyn M. SHIVERS, Auteur ; Christopher DANIELL, Auteur ; Soo-Jeong KIM, Auteur . - p.18. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 9-1 (December 2017) . - p.18 Mots-clés : ASD screeners  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Best-estimate diagnoses  Insistence on sameness  Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)  Repetitive behavior  Social impairment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A small percentage of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have alterations in chromosome 15q11.2-q3, the critical region for Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Data are limited, however, on the rates and characteristics of ASD in PWS. Previous estimates of ASD in PWS (25 to 41%) are questionable as they are based solely on autism screeners given to parents. Inaccurate diagnoses of ASD in PWS can mislead intervention and future research. METHODS: One hundred forty-six children and youth with PWS aged 4 to 21 years (M = 11) were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2). An expert clinical team-made best-estimate ASD diagnoses based on ADOS-2 videotapes, calibrated severity scores, and children's developmental histories and indices of current functioning. Children were also administered the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2, and parents completed the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Scores were compared across children with PWS + ASD versus PWS only. The performance of an ASD screener, the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and the ADOS-2 were evaluated in relation to best-estimate diagnoses. RESULTS: Best-estimate diagnoses of ASD were made in 18 children, or 12.3% of the sample, and the majority of them had the maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) PWS genetic subtype. Compared to the PWS-only group, children with PWS + ASD had lower verbal and composite IQ's and adaptive daily living and socialization skills, as well as elevated stereotypies and restricted interests. Regardless of ASD status, compulsivity and insistence on sameness in routines or events were seen in 76-100% of children and were robustly correlated with lower adaptive functioning. The SCQ yielded a 29-49% chance that screen-positive cases will indeed have ASD. The ADOS-2 had higher sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Communication problems were seen in children who were ADOS-2 positive but deemed not to have ASD by the clinical team. CONCLUSIONS: Autism screeners should not be the sole index of probable ASD in PWS; children need to be directly observed and evaluated. Compulsivity and insistence on sameness are salient in PWS and likely impede adaptive functioning. Most children with PWS only evidenced sub-threshold problems in social interactions that could signal risks for other psychopathologies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9200-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=350

Prader-Willi syndrome and autism spectrum disorders: an evolving story / Elisabeth M. DYKENS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3-3 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 3-3 (September 2011) . - p.225-37 Titre : Prader-Willi syndrome and autism spectrum disorders: an evolving story Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.225-37 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is well-known for its genetic and phenotypic complexities. Caused by a lack of paternally derived imprinted material on chromosome 15q11-q13, individuals with PWS have mild to moderate intellectual disabilities, repetitive and compulsive behaviors, skin picking, tantrums, irritability, hyperphagia, and increased risks of obesity. Many individuals also have co-occurring autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), psychosis, and mood disorders. Although the PWS 15q11-q13 region confers risks for autism, relatively few studies have assessed autism symptoms in PWS or directly compared social, behavioral, and cognitive functioning across groups with autism or PWS. This article identifies areas of phenotypic overlap and difference between PWS and ASD in core autism symptoms and in such comorbidities as psychiatric disorders, and dysregulated sleep and eating. Though future studies are needed, PWS provides a promising alternative lens into specific symptoms and comorbidities of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11689-011-9092-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=343 [article] Prader-Willi syndrome and autism spectrum disorders: an evolving story [texte imprimé] / Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur . - p.225-37. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 3-3 (September 2011) . - p.225-37 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is well-known for its genetic and phenotypic complexities. Caused by a lack of paternally derived imprinted material on chromosome 15q11-q13, individuals with PWS have mild to moderate intellectual disabilities, repetitive and compulsive behaviors, skin picking, tantrums, irritability, hyperphagia, and increased risks of obesity. Many individuals also have co-occurring autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), psychosis, and mood disorders. Although the PWS 15q11-q13 region confers risks for autism, relatively few studies have assessed autism symptoms in PWS or directly compared social, behavioral, and cognitive functioning across groups with autism or PWS. This article identifies areas of phenotypic overlap and difference between PWS and ASD in core autism symptoms and in such comorbidities as psychiatric disorders, and dysregulated sleep and eating. Though future studies are needed, PWS provides a promising alternative lens into specific symptoms and comorbidities of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11689-011-9092-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=343

TPH2 G/T polymorphism is associated with hyperphagia, IQ, and internalizing problems in Prader–Willi syndrome / Elisabeth M. DYKENS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-5 (May 2011)  

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Validation of the Food Safe Zone questionnaire for families of individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome / Elisabeth M. DYKENS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 17 (2025)  

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