Dépouillements

Erratum in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - E1-E1 Titre : Erratum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : E1-E1 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12677 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Erratum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - E1-E1. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - E1-E1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12677 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Editorial: Science unskewed – acknowledging and reducing ‘risk of bias’ in parenting research / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.1-3 Titre : Editorial: Science unskewed – acknowledging and reducing ‘risk of bias’ in parenting research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-3 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a growing awareness that ‘risk of bias’ distorts the process of generating and interpreting evidence and threatens the validity of psychological and psychiatric research at a number of different levels (Rutter & Pickles, ). Such threats are likely to be greatest in fields of study focused on socially/politically contentious issues where beliefs and values are strongly held – especially where there is a lack of methodological rigour. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12676 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Editorial: Science unskewed – acknowledging and reducing ‘risk of bias’ in parenting research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - p.1-3. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.1-3 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a growing awareness that ‘risk of bias’ distorts the process of generating and interpreting evidence and threatens the validity of psychological and psychiatric research at a number of different levels (Rutter & Pickles, ). Such threats are likely to be greatest in fields of study focused on socially/politically contentious issues where beliefs and values are strongly held – especially where there is a lack of methodological rigour. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12676 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Practitioner Review: Psychological treatments for children and adolescents with conduct disorder problems – a systematic review and meta-analysis / M. J. BAKKER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.4-18 Titre : Practitioner Review: Psychological treatments for children and adolescents with conduct disorder problems – a systematic review and meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. J. BAKKER, Auteur ; C. U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; J. C. GLENNON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4-18 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychological  meta-analysis  treatment  conduct disorder  aggression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments for conduct disorder (CD) problems in children and adolescents, based on child, parent and teacher report. Methods PubMed, PsycINFO and EMBASE were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between January 1970 and March 2015. Main inclusion criteria were nonpharmacological treatment, participants younger than 18 years, clinical CD problems/diagnosis, randomized controlled trials and inclusion of at least one CD problem-related outcome. Treatment efficacy is expressed in effect sizes (ESs) calculated for each rater (parent, teacher, self and blinded observer). Results Of 1,549 articles retrieved, 17 (published between June 2004 and January 2014) describing 19 interventions met the inclusion criteria. All studies used psychological treatments; only three studies included a blinded observer to rate CD problems. Most studies were of very poor to fair quality. ESs were significant but small for parent-reported outcomes (0.36, 95% CI = 0.27–0.47), teacher-reported outcomes (0.26, 95% CI = 0.12–0.49) and blinded observer outcomes (0.26, 95% CI = 0.06–0.47), and they were nonsignificant for self-reported outcomes (?0.01, 95% CI = ?0.25 to 0.23). Comorbidity, gender, age, number of sessions, duration, intervention type, setting, medication use or dropout percentage did not influence the effect of treatment. Conclusions Psychological treatments have a small effect in reducing parent-, teacher- and observer-rated CD problems in children and adolescents with clinical CD problems/diagnosis. There is not enough evidence to support one specific psychological treatment over another. Future studies should investigate the influence of participant characteristics (e.g. age of CD onset), use more homogeneous outcome measures and allow better evaluation of study quality. Many reports failed to provide detailed information to allow optimization of psychological treatment strategies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12590 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Practitioner Review: Psychological treatments for children and adolescents with conduct disorder problems – a systematic review and meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. J. BAKKER, Auteur ; C. U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; J. C. GLENNON, Auteur . - p.4-18. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.4-18 Mots-clés : Psychological  meta-analysis  treatment  conduct disorder  aggression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments for conduct disorder (CD) problems in children and adolescents, based on child, parent and teacher report. Methods PubMed, PsycINFO and EMBASE were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between January 1970 and March 2015. Main inclusion criteria were nonpharmacological treatment, participants younger than 18 years, clinical CD problems/diagnosis, randomized controlled trials and inclusion of at least one CD problem-related outcome. Treatment efficacy is expressed in effect sizes (ESs) calculated for each rater (parent, teacher, self and blinded observer). Results Of 1,549 articles retrieved, 17 (published between June 2004 and January 2014) describing 19 interventions met the inclusion criteria. All studies used psychological treatments; only three studies included a blinded observer to rate CD problems. Most studies were of very poor to fair quality. ESs were significant but small for parent-reported outcomes (0.36, 95% CI = 0.27–0.47), teacher-reported outcomes (0.26, 95% CI = 0.12–0.49) and blinded observer outcomes (0.26, 95% CI = 0.06–0.47), and they were nonsignificant for self-reported outcomes (?0.01, 95% CI = ?0.25 to 0.23). Comorbidity, gender, age, number of sessions, duration, intervention type, setting, medication use or dropout percentage did not influence the effect of treatment. Conclusions Psychological treatments have a small effect in reducing parent-, teacher- and observer-rated CD problems in children and adolescents with clinical CD problems/diagnosis. There is not enough evidence to support one specific psychological treatment over another. Future studies should investigate the influence of participant characteristics (e.g. age of CD onset), use more homogeneous outcome measures and allow better evaluation of study quality. Many reports failed to provide detailed information to allow optimization of psychological treatment strategies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12590 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Prenatal unhealthy diet, insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF2) methylation, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in youth with early-onset conduct problems / Jolien RIJLAARSDAM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.19-27 Titre : Prenatal unhealthy diet, insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF2) methylation, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in youth with early-onset conduct problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jolien RIJLAARSDAM, Auteur ; Charlotte A. M. CECIL, Auteur ; Esther WALTON, Auteur ; Maurissa S. C. MESIROW, Auteur ; Caroline L. RELTON, Auteur ; Tom R. GAUNT, Auteur ; Wendy MCARDLE, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.19-27 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : DNA methylation  Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children  diet  conduct problems  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  IGF2 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Conduct problems (CP) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often comorbid and have each been linked to ‘unhealthy diet’. Early-life diet also associates with DNA methylation of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF2), involved in fetal and neural development. We investigated the degree to which prenatal high-fat and -sugar diet might relate to ADHD symptoms via IGF2 DNA methylation for early-onset persistent (EOP) versus low CP youth. Methods Participants were 164 youth with EOP (n = 83) versus low (n = 81) CP drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We assessed if the interrelationships between high-fat and -sugar diet (prenatal, postnatal), IGF2 methylation (birth and age 7, collected from blood), and ADHD symptoms (age 7–13) differed for EOP versus low CP youth. Results Prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ was positively associated with IGF2 methylation at birth for both the EOP and low CP youth. For EOP only: (a) higher IGF2 methylation predicted ADHD symptoms; and (b) prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ was associated with higher ADHD symptoms indirectly via higher IGF2 methylation. Conclusions Preventing ‘unhealthy diet’ in pregnancy might reduce the risk of ADHD symptoms in EOP youth via lower offspring IGF2 methylation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12589 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Prenatal unhealthy diet, insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF2) methylation, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in youth with early-onset conduct problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jolien RIJLAARSDAM, Auteur ; Charlotte A. M. CECIL, Auteur ; Esther WALTON, Auteur ; Maurissa S. C. MESIROW, Auteur ; Caroline L. RELTON, Auteur ; Tom R. GAUNT, Auteur ; Wendy MCARDLE, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur . - p.19-27. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.19-27 Mots-clés : DNA methylation  Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children  diet  conduct problems  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  IGF2 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Conduct problems (CP) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often comorbid and have each been linked to ‘unhealthy diet’. Early-life diet also associates with DNA methylation of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF2), involved in fetal and neural development. We investigated the degree to which prenatal high-fat and -sugar diet might relate to ADHD symptoms via IGF2 DNA methylation for early-onset persistent (EOP) versus low CP youth. Methods Participants were 164 youth with EOP (n = 83) versus low (n = 81) CP drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We assessed if the interrelationships between high-fat and -sugar diet (prenatal, postnatal), IGF2 methylation (birth and age 7, collected from blood), and ADHD symptoms (age 7–13) differed for EOP versus low CP youth. Results Prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ was positively associated with IGF2 methylation at birth for both the EOP and low CP youth. For EOP only: (a) higher IGF2 methylation predicted ADHD symptoms; and (b) prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ was associated with higher ADHD symptoms indirectly via higher IGF2 methylation. Conclusions Preventing ‘unhealthy diet’ in pregnancy might reduce the risk of ADHD symptoms in EOP youth via lower offspring IGF2 methylation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12589 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Commentary: ‘Unhealthy diet,’ nutrient status, and ADHD symptoms: a confounding role for environmental nitrous oxide exposure – reflections on Rijlaarsdam et al. (2016) / Keith FLUEGGE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.28-29 Titre : Commentary: ‘Unhealthy diet,’ nutrient status, and ADHD symptoms: a confounding role for environmental nitrous oxide exposure – reflections on Rijlaarsdam et al. (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Keith FLUEGGE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.28-29 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Choline  nitrous oxide  air pollution  dynorphin  kappa opioid receptor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Rijlaarsdam et al. (2016) recently published their findings utilizing a longitudinal design showing that prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ was positively associated with IGF2 DNA methylation at birth across both youth cohorts. However, only in the EOP youth was prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ positively associated with ADHD symptoms presumably through IGF2 DNA hypermethylation. Rijlaarsdam et al.'s () choice to assess high fat and sugar diet with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) may offer some indication as to prenatal nutrient status, as the foods identified by the FFQ in their study are relatively low in free choline. It has been shown that gestational choline deficiency in rats leads to hypermethylation of IGF2. Consistent with the literature describing an association between air pollution and cognitive neurodevelopmental impairment, the author of this commentary has previously proposed through empirical investigation that chronic environmental exposure to the trace levels of the pervasive air pollutant, nitrous oxide (N2O), may facilitate core features of neurodevelopmental disorders, like ADHD. Impaired acetylcholine synthesis in rats exposed to N2O has been shown, with a 53% reduction in [1-2H2,2-2H2] choline. Low-dose N2O exposure is also thought to stimulate central release of opioid peptides, like dynorphin, which play a role in significantly increasing food intake behavior and/or modulating sucrose intake. Taken altogether, these studies present a strong confounder to the interpretation made by Rijlaarsdam et al. () that prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ may play a role in the onset of ADHD symptoms in youth with EOP conduct problems through induction of IGF2 DNA hypermethylation. While the ‘unhealthy diet’ may represent possible maternal nutrient deficiencies during gestation, it is also possible that exposure to air pollutants, particularly N2O, may not only directly reduce fetal cholinergic status thereby enhancing IGF2 DNA hypermethylation but may also significantly modulate maternal food intake behaviors (i.e. sucrose). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12649 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Commentary: ‘Unhealthy diet,’ nutrient status, and ADHD symptoms: a confounding role for environmental nitrous oxide exposure – reflections on Rijlaarsdam et al. (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Keith FLUEGGE, Auteur . - p.28-29. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.28-29 Mots-clés : Choline  nitrous oxide  air pollution  dynorphin  kappa opioid receptor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Rijlaarsdam et al. (2016) recently published their findings utilizing a longitudinal design showing that prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ was positively associated with IGF2 DNA methylation at birth across both youth cohorts. However, only in the EOP youth was prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ positively associated with ADHD symptoms presumably through IGF2 DNA hypermethylation. Rijlaarsdam et al.'s () choice to assess high fat and sugar diet with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) may offer some indication as to prenatal nutrient status, as the foods identified by the FFQ in their study are relatively low in free choline. It has been shown that gestational choline deficiency in rats leads to hypermethylation of IGF2. Consistent with the literature describing an association between air pollution and cognitive neurodevelopmental impairment, the author of this commentary has previously proposed through empirical investigation that chronic environmental exposure to the trace levels of the pervasive air pollutant, nitrous oxide (N2O), may facilitate core features of neurodevelopmental disorders, like ADHD. Impaired acetylcholine synthesis in rats exposed to N2O has been shown, with a 53% reduction in [1-2H2,2-2H2] choline. Low-dose N2O exposure is also thought to stimulate central release of opioid peptides, like dynorphin, which play a role in significantly increasing food intake behavior and/or modulating sucrose intake. Taken altogether, these studies present a strong confounder to the interpretation made by Rijlaarsdam et al. () that prenatal ‘unhealthy diet’ may play a role in the onset of ADHD symptoms in youth with EOP conduct problems through induction of IGF2 DNA hypermethylation. While the ‘unhealthy diet’ may represent possible maternal nutrient deficiencies during gestation, it is also possible that exposure to air pollutants, particularly N2O, may not only directly reduce fetal cholinergic status thereby enhancing IGF2 DNA hypermethylation but may also significantly modulate maternal food intake behaviors (i.e. sucrose). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12649 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Exposure to parental separation in childhood and later parenting quality as an adult: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study / Myron D. FRIESEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.30-37 Titre : Exposure to parental separation in childhood and later parenting quality as an adult: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Myron D. FRIESEN, Auteur ; L. JOHN HORWOOD, Auteur ; David M. FERGUSSON, Auteur ; Lianne J. WOODWARD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.30-37 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Parental separation  divorce  parenting  longitudinal study  family relationships Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous research has documented that exposure to parental separation/divorce during childhood can be associated with long-term consequences into adulthood. This study sought to extend this literature by examining associations between childhood exposure to parental separation/divorce and later parenting behavior as an adult in a New Zealand birth cohort. Methods Data were drawn from the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS), a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1,265 children born in 1977 in Christchurch, New Zealand. Information about exposure to parental separation and divorce was gathered annually from birth to 15 years. At the 30-year follow-up, all cohort members who had become parents (biological or nonbiological) were assessed on several parenting dimensions (sensitivity, warmth, overreactivity, inconsistency, quality of child management, and physical punishment). Results The analyses showed that exposure to more frequent parental separation in childhood and adolescence was associated with lower levels of parental sensitivity and warmth, greater overreactivity, and an increased use of physical punishment as a parent, after controlling for a wide range of family socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, and individual child characteristics. Conclusions The findings suggest that as exposure to parental separation increases, so does the likelihood of experiencing multiple developmental challenges in childhood and adolescence. As an adult, these life-course experiences can have small but significant associations with the quality of parenting behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12610 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Exposure to parental separation in childhood and later parenting quality as an adult: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Myron D. FRIESEN, Auteur ; L. JOHN HORWOOD, Auteur ; David M. FERGUSSON, Auteur ; Lianne J. WOODWARD, Auteur . - p.30-37. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.30-37 Mots-clés : Parental separation  divorce  parenting  longitudinal study  family relationships Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous research has documented that exposure to parental separation/divorce during childhood can be associated with long-term consequences into adulthood. This study sought to extend this literature by examining associations between childhood exposure to parental separation/divorce and later parenting behavior as an adult in a New Zealand birth cohort. Methods Data were drawn from the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS), a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1,265 children born in 1977 in Christchurch, New Zealand. Information about exposure to parental separation and divorce was gathered annually from birth to 15 years. At the 30-year follow-up, all cohort members who had become parents (biological or nonbiological) were assessed on several parenting dimensions (sensitivity, warmth, overreactivity, inconsistency, quality of child management, and physical punishment). Results The analyses showed that exposure to more frequent parental separation in childhood and adolescence was associated with lower levels of parental sensitivity and warmth, greater overreactivity, and an increased use of physical punishment as a parent, after controlling for a wide range of family socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, and individual child characteristics. Conclusions The findings suggest that as exposure to parental separation increases, so does the likelihood of experiencing multiple developmental challenges in childhood and adolescence. As an adult, these life-course experiences can have small but significant associations with the quality of parenting behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12610 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Rumination in dysphoric mothers negatively affects mother–infant interactions / Michelle TESTER-JONES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.38-45 Titre : Rumination in dysphoric mothers negatively affects mother–infant interactions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michelle TESTER-JONES, Auteur ; Anke KARL, Auteur ; Edward WATKINS, Auteur ; Heather O'MAHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.38-45 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Rumination  maternal sensitivity  postnatal depression  dyadic sensitivity  mother–infant relationship Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Postnatal maternal depressive symptoms are consistently associated with reduced quality of mother–infant interaction. However, there is little research examining the role of maternal cognitive factors (e.g. rumination) in the relationship between depressive symptoms and mother–infant interaction quality. This study investigated the hypotheses that: dysphoric mothers would demonstrate less sensitive behaviour towards their infants compared with nondysphoric mothers; mothers induced to ruminate would be less sensitive towards infants; rumination would moderate the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and maternal sensitivity and the impact of the rumination induction would increase following a stressor (still face) task. Method Mothers (N = 79; 39 dysphoric and 40 nondysphoric) and their infants were randomised to either a rumination induction or a control condition. Maternal sensitivity in mother–infant interactions was assessed before and after the induction using the CARE Index. In the second interaction task, mothers also completed the still-face procedure as a stressor. Results Extending previous research, mixed measures ANOVAs demonstrated that dysphoric mothers had reduced quality of interaction with their infant compared with nondysphoric mothers and that mothers in the rumination condition exhibited reduced sensitivity towards their infants relative to mothers in the control condition. Further, maternal sensitivity worsened further after the still-face procedure in the rumination condition, but not in the control condition. Conclusions This study suggests that the repetitive, internal focus of a ruminative state is causally implicated in mother–infant interaction quality, regardless of the level of depressive symptoms. This research extends understanding of specific mechanisms involved in the quality of the mother–infant relationship. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12633 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Rumination in dysphoric mothers negatively affects mother–infant interactions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michelle TESTER-JONES, Auteur ; Anke KARL, Auteur ; Edward WATKINS, Auteur ; Heather O'MAHEN, Auteur . - p.38-45. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.38-45 Mots-clés : Rumination  maternal sensitivity  postnatal depression  dyadic sensitivity  mother–infant relationship Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Postnatal maternal depressive symptoms are consistently associated with reduced quality of mother–infant interaction. However, there is little research examining the role of maternal cognitive factors (e.g. rumination) in the relationship between depressive symptoms and mother–infant interaction quality. This study investigated the hypotheses that: dysphoric mothers would demonstrate less sensitive behaviour towards their infants compared with nondysphoric mothers; mothers induced to ruminate would be less sensitive towards infants; rumination would moderate the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and maternal sensitivity and the impact of the rumination induction would increase following a stressor (still face) task. Method Mothers (N = 79; 39 dysphoric and 40 nondysphoric) and their infants were randomised to either a rumination induction or a control condition. Maternal sensitivity in mother–infant interactions was assessed before and after the induction using the CARE Index. In the second interaction task, mothers also completed the still-face procedure as a stressor. Results Extending previous research, mixed measures ANOVAs demonstrated that dysphoric mothers had reduced quality of interaction with their infant compared with nondysphoric mothers and that mothers in the rumination condition exhibited reduced sensitivity towards their infants relative to mothers in the control condition. Further, maternal sensitivity worsened further after the still-face procedure in the rumination condition, but not in the control condition. Conclusions This study suggests that the repetitive, internal focus of a ruminative state is causally implicated in mother–infant interaction quality, regardless of the level of depressive symptoms. This research extends understanding of specific mechanisms involved in the quality of the mother–infant relationship. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12633 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Associations between the parent–child relationship and adolescent self-worth: a genetically informed study of twin parents and their adolescent children / Tom A. MCADAMS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.46-54 Titre : Associations between the parent–child relationship and adolescent self-worth: a genetically informed study of twin parents and their adolescent children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tom A. MCADAMS, Auteur ; Frühling V. RIJSDIJK, Auteur ; Jurgita NARUSYTE, Auteur ; Jody M. GANIBAN, Auteur ; David REISS, Auteur ; Erica SPOTTS, Auteur ; Jenae M. NEIDERHISER, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Thalia C. ELEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.46-54 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  parenting  parent–child relationships  children-of-twins  self-esteem Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Low self-worth during adolescence predicts a range of emotional and behavioural problems. As such, identifying potential sources of influence on self-worth is important. Aspects of the parent–child relationship are often associated with adolescent self-worth but to date it is unclear whether such associations may be attributable to familial confounding (e.g. genetic relatedness). We set out to clarify the nature of relationships between parental expressed affection and adolescent self-worth, and parent–child closeness and adolescent self-worth. Methods We used data from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden, a children-of-twins sample comprising 909 adult twin pairs with adolescent children. Using these data we were able to apply structural equation models with which we could examine whether associations remained after accounting for genetic transmission. Results Results demonstrated that parent–child closeness and parental-expressed affection were both phenotypically associated with adolescent self-worth. Associations could not be attributed to genetic relatedness between parent and child. Conclusions Parent–child closeness and parental affection are associated with adolescent self-worth above and beyond effects attributable to genetic relatedness. Data were cross-sectional, so the direction of effects cannot be confirmed but findings support the notion that positive parent–child relationships increase adolescent self-worth. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12600 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Associations between the parent–child relationship and adolescent self-worth: a genetically informed study of twin parents and their adolescent children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tom A. MCADAMS, Auteur ; Frühling V. RIJSDIJK, Auteur ; Jurgita NARUSYTE, Auteur ; Jody M. GANIBAN, Auteur ; David REISS, Auteur ; Erica SPOTTS, Auteur ; Jenae M. NEIDERHISER, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Thalia C. ELEY, Auteur . - p.46-54. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.46-54 Mots-clés : Adolescence  parenting  parent–child relationships  children-of-twins  self-esteem Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Low self-worth during adolescence predicts a range of emotional and behavioural problems. As such, identifying potential sources of influence on self-worth is important. Aspects of the parent–child relationship are often associated with adolescent self-worth but to date it is unclear whether such associations may be attributable to familial confounding (e.g. genetic relatedness). We set out to clarify the nature of relationships between parental expressed affection and adolescent self-worth, and parent–child closeness and adolescent self-worth. Methods We used data from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden, a children-of-twins sample comprising 909 adult twin pairs with adolescent children. Using these data we were able to apply structural equation models with which we could examine whether associations remained after accounting for genetic transmission. Results Results demonstrated that parent–child closeness and parental-expressed affection were both phenotypically associated with adolescent self-worth. Associations could not be attributed to genetic relatedness between parent and child. Conclusions Parent–child closeness and parental affection are associated with adolescent self-worth above and beyond effects attributable to genetic relatedness. Data were cross-sectional, so the direction of effects cannot be confirmed but findings support the notion that positive parent–child relationships increase adolescent self-worth. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12600 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Late childhood interpersonal callousness and conduct problem trajectories interact to predict adult psychopathy / Samuel W. HAWES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.55-63 Titre : Late childhood interpersonal callousness and conduct problem trajectories interact to predict adult psychopathy Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Samuel W. HAWES, Auteur ; Amy L. BYRD, Auteur ; Rebecca WALLER, Auteur ; Donald R. LYNAM, Auteur ; Dustin A. PARDINI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.55-63 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Interpersonal callousness  conduct problems  psychopathy  trajectories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Studies have demonstrated a robust association between interpersonal callousness (IC) and the development of severe and chronic conduct problems (CP) in youth. Although children exhibiting IC are also believed to be at particularly high risk for developing psychopathic personality features in adulthood, there is little longitudinal evidence supporting this assumption, particularly after controlling for co-occuring CP severity. Methods This study used data collected on a longitudinal cohort of boys (n = 508), with an oversampling of youth exhibiting elevated conduct problems. Analyses examined the unique and interactive association between latent growth curve trajectories of IC and CP assessed bi-annually from late childhood to early adolescence (~ages 10–13) and features of psychopathy in early adulthood (age ~ 24) assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist – Short Version (PCL:SV; Hart, Cox, & Hare, 1995). Results Growth curve analysis indicated that initial levels of IC and CP in childhood (~age 10 intercept) both uniquely predicted the development of the interpersonal/affective features of adult psychopathy, and boys with a combination of high initial levels of IC and CP were at particularly high risk for developing the impulsive/antisocial features of the disorder. Boys who exhibited systematic increases in CP from late childhood to early adolescence also demonstrated higher adult psychopathy scores, but changes in IC across this developmental period did not significantly add to the prediction of adult psychopathy. Conclusions Findings highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions for boys exhibiting severe IC and CP in childhood, as they appear to be at high risk for developing adult psychopathic features. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12598 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Late childhood interpersonal callousness and conduct problem trajectories interact to predict adult psychopathy [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Samuel W. HAWES, Auteur ; Amy L. BYRD, Auteur ; Rebecca WALLER, Auteur ; Donald R. LYNAM, Auteur ; Dustin A. PARDINI, Auteur . - p.55-63. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.55-63 Mots-clés : Interpersonal callousness  conduct problems  psychopathy  trajectories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Studies have demonstrated a robust association between interpersonal callousness (IC) and the development of severe and chronic conduct problems (CP) in youth. Although children exhibiting IC are also believed to be at particularly high risk for developing psychopathic personality features in adulthood, there is little longitudinal evidence supporting this assumption, particularly after controlling for co-occuring CP severity. Methods This study used data collected on a longitudinal cohort of boys (n = 508), with an oversampling of youth exhibiting elevated conduct problems. Analyses examined the unique and interactive association between latent growth curve trajectories of IC and CP assessed bi-annually from late childhood to early adolescence (~ages 10–13) and features of psychopathy in early adulthood (age ~ 24) assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist – Short Version (PCL:SV; Hart, Cox, & Hare, 1995). Results Growth curve analysis indicated that initial levels of IC and CP in childhood (~age 10 intercept) both uniquely predicted the development of the interpersonal/affective features of adult psychopathy, and boys with a combination of high initial levels of IC and CP were at particularly high risk for developing the impulsive/antisocial features of the disorder. Boys who exhibited systematic increases in CP from late childhood to early adolescence also demonstrated higher adult psychopathy scores, but changes in IC across this developmental period did not significantly add to the prediction of adult psychopathy. Conclusions Findings highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions for boys exhibiting severe IC and CP in childhood, as they appear to be at high risk for developing adult psychopathic features. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12598 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Cognitive and adaptive advantages of growth hormone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome / Elisabeth M. DYKENS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.64-74 Titre : Cognitive and adaptive advantages of growth hormone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur ; Hailee HUNT-HAWKINS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.64-74 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prader-Willi syndrome  growth hormone treatment  cognition  adaptive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background People with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) typically have mild to moderate intellectual deficits, compulsivity, hyperphagia, obesity, and growth hormone deficiencies. Growth hormone treatment (GHT) in PWS has well-established salutatory effects on linear growth and body composition, yet cognitive benefits of GHT, seen in other patient groups, have not been well studied in PWS. Methods Study 1 included 96 children and youth with PWS aged 4–21 years who naturalistically varied in their exposures to GHT. Controlling for socioeconomic status, analyses compared cognitive and adaptive behavior test scores across age-matched treatment naïve versus growth hormone treated children. Study II assessed if age of treatment initiation or treatment duration was associated with subsequent cognition or adaptive behavior in 127, 4- to 21-year olds with PWS. Study III longitudinally examined cognitive and adaptive behavior in 168 participants who were either consistently on versus off GHT for up to 4–5 years. Results Compared to the treatment naïve group, children receiving GHT had significantly higher Verbal and Composite IQs, and adaptive communication and daily living skills. Children who began treatment before 12 months of age had higher Nonverbal and Composite IQs than children who began treatment between 1 and 5 years of age. Longitudinally, the groups differed in their intercepts, but not slopes, with each group showing stable IQ and adaptive behavior scores over time. Conclusions Cognitive and adaptive advantages should be considered an ancillary benefit and additional justification for GHT in people with PWS. Future efforts need to target apparent socioeconomic inequities in accessing GHT in the PWS population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12601 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Cognitive and adaptive advantages of growth hormone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur ; Hailee HUNT-HAWKINS, Auteur . - p.64-74. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.64-74 Mots-clés : Prader-Willi syndrome  growth hormone treatment  cognition  adaptive behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background People with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) typically have mild to moderate intellectual deficits, compulsivity, hyperphagia, obesity, and growth hormone deficiencies. Growth hormone treatment (GHT) in PWS has well-established salutatory effects on linear growth and body composition, yet cognitive benefits of GHT, seen in other patient groups, have not been well studied in PWS. Methods Study 1 included 96 children and youth with PWS aged 4–21 years who naturalistically varied in their exposures to GHT. Controlling for socioeconomic status, analyses compared cognitive and adaptive behavior test scores across age-matched treatment naïve versus growth hormone treated children. Study II assessed if age of treatment initiation or treatment duration was associated with subsequent cognition or adaptive behavior in 127, 4- to 21-year olds with PWS. Study III longitudinally examined cognitive and adaptive behavior in 168 participants who were either consistently on versus off GHT for up to 4–5 years. Results Compared to the treatment naïve group, children receiving GHT had significantly higher Verbal and Composite IQs, and adaptive communication and daily living skills. Children who began treatment before 12 months of age had higher Nonverbal and Composite IQs than children who began treatment between 1 and 5 years of age. Longitudinally, the groups differed in their intercepts, but not slopes, with each group showing stable IQ and adaptive behavior scores over time. Conclusions Cognitive and adaptive advantages should be considered an ancillary benefit and additional justification for GHT in people with PWS. Future efforts need to target apparent socioeconomic inequities in accessing GHT in the PWS population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12601 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Complex effects of dyslexia risk factors account for ADHD traits: evidence from two independent samples / Sara MASCHERETTI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.75-82 Titre : Complex effects of dyslexia risk factors account for ADHD traits: evidence from two independent samples Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sara MASCHERETTI, Auteur ; Vittoria TREZZI, Auteur ; Roberto GIORDA, Auteur ; Michel BOIVIN, Auteur ; Vickie PLOURDE, Auteur ; Frank VITARO, Auteur ; Mara BRENDGEN, Auteur ; Ginette DIONNE, Auteur ; Cecilia MARINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.75-82 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Developmental dyslexia  attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder  association study  gene-by-environment interaction  gene-by-gene interaction  pleiotropy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Developmental dyslexia (DD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, whose etiology involves multiple risk factors. DD and ADHD co-occur in the same individuals much more often than would be expected by chance. Several studies have found significant bivariate heritability, and specific genes associated with either DD or ADHD have been investigated for association in the other disorder. Moreover, there are likely to be gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interaction effects (G × G and G × E, respectively) underlying the comorbidity between DD and ADHD. We investigated the pleiotropic effects of 19 SNPs spanning five DD genes (DYX1C1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, ROBO1, and GRIN2B) and seven DD environmental factors (smoke, miscarriage, birth weight, breastfeeding, parental age, socioeconomic status, and parental education) for main, either (a) genetic or (b) environmental, (c) G × G, and (d) G × E upon inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. We then attempted replication of these findings in an independent twin cohort. Methods Marker-trait association was analyzed by implementing the Quantitative Transmission Disequilibrium Test (QTDT). Environmental associations were tested by partial correlations. G × G were investigated by a general linear model equation and a family-based association test. G × E were analyzed through a general test for G × E in sib pair-based association analysis of quantitative traits. Results DCDC2-rs793862 was associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity via G × G (KIAA0319) and G × E (miscarriage). Smoke was significantly correlated with hyperactivity/impulsivity. We replicated the DCDC2 × KIAA0319 interaction upon hyperactivity/impulsivity in the twin cohort. Conclusions En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12612 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Complex effects of dyslexia risk factors account for ADHD traits: evidence from two independent samples [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sara MASCHERETTI, Auteur ; Vittoria TREZZI, Auteur ; Roberto GIORDA, Auteur ; Michel BOIVIN, Auteur ; Vickie PLOURDE, Auteur ; Frank VITARO, Auteur ; Mara BRENDGEN, Auteur ; Ginette DIONNE, Auteur ; Cecilia MARINO, Auteur . - p.75-82. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.75-82 Mots-clés : Developmental dyslexia  attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder  association study  gene-by-environment interaction  gene-by-gene interaction  pleiotropy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Developmental dyslexia (DD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, whose etiology involves multiple risk factors. DD and ADHD co-occur in the same individuals much more often than would be expected by chance. Several studies have found significant bivariate heritability, and specific genes associated with either DD or ADHD have been investigated for association in the other disorder. Moreover, there are likely to be gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interaction effects (G × G and G × E, respectively) underlying the comorbidity between DD and ADHD. We investigated the pleiotropic effects of 19 SNPs spanning five DD genes (DYX1C1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, ROBO1, and GRIN2B) and seven DD environmental factors (smoke, miscarriage, birth weight, breastfeeding, parental age, socioeconomic status, and parental education) for main, either (a) genetic or (b) environmental, (c) G × G, and (d) G × E upon inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. We then attempted replication of these findings in an independent twin cohort. Methods Marker-trait association was analyzed by implementing the Quantitative Transmission Disequilibrium Test (QTDT). Environmental associations were tested by partial correlations. G × G were investigated by a general linear model equation and a family-based association test. G × E were analyzed through a general test for G × E in sib pair-based association analysis of quantitative traits. Results DCDC2-rs793862 was associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity via G × G (KIAA0319) and G × E (miscarriage). Smoke was significantly correlated with hyperactivity/impulsivity. We replicated the DCDC2 × KIAA0319 interaction upon hyperactivity/impulsivity in the twin cohort. Conclusions En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12612 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Omega 3/6 fatty acids for reading in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 9-year-old mainstream schoolchildren in Sweden / Mats JOHNSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.83-93 Titre : Omega 3/6 fatty acids for reading in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 9-year-old mainstream schoolchildren in Sweden Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mats JOHNSON, Auteur ; Gunnar FRANSSON, Auteur ; Sven ÖSTLUND, Auteur ; Björn ARESKOUG, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.83-93 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Omega 3/6  Logos test  reading  mainstream schoolchildren  attention problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous research has shown positive effects of Omega 3/6 fatty acids in children with inattention and reading difficulties. We aimed to investigate if Omega 3/6 improved reading ability in mainstream schoolchildren. Methods We performed a 3-month parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial followed by 3-month active treatment for all subjects. Mainstream schoolchildren aged 9–10 years were randomized 1:1 to receive three Omega 3/6 capsules twice daily or identical placebo. Assessments were made at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome measure was the Logos test battery for evaluating reading abilities. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02557477. Results The study enrolled 154 children (active n = 78; placebo n = 76), of whom 122 completed the first 3 months (active n = 64; placebo n = 58) and 105 completed the whole study (active/active n = 55; placebo/active n = 50). Outcomes were assessed by per protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses. Active treatment was superior to placebo at 3 months for improvement in phonologic decoding time (PP active/placebo difference ?0.16; 95% CI ?0.03, ?0.29; effect size (ES) .44; p = .005; and ITT ES .37; p = .036), in visual analysis time (PP active/placebo difference ?0.19; 95% CI ?0.05, ?0.33; ES .49; p = .013; and ITT ES .40; p = .01), and for boys in phonologic decoding time (PP ?0.22; 95% CI ?0.03, ?0.41; ES .62; p = .004). Children with ADHD-RS scores above the median showed treatment benefits in visual analysis time (PP ES .8, p = .009), reading speed per word (PP ES .61, p = .008), and phonologic decoding time per word (PP ES .85, p = .006). Adverse events were rare and mild, mainly stomach pain/diarrhea (active n = 9, placebo n = 2). Conclusions Compared with placebo, 3 months of Omega 3/6 treatment improved reading ability – specifically the clinically relevant ‘phonologic decoding time’ and ‘visual analysis time’ – in mainstream schoolchildren. In particular, children with attention problems showed treatment benefits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12614 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Omega 3/6 fatty acids for reading in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 9-year-old mainstream schoolchildren in Sweden [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mats JOHNSON, Auteur ; Gunnar FRANSSON, Auteur ; Sven ÖSTLUND, Auteur ; Björn ARESKOUG, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur . - p.83-93. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.83-93 Mots-clés : Omega 3/6  Logos test  reading  mainstream schoolchildren  attention problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous research has shown positive effects of Omega 3/6 fatty acids in children with inattention and reading difficulties. We aimed to investigate if Omega 3/6 improved reading ability in mainstream schoolchildren. Methods We performed a 3-month parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial followed by 3-month active treatment for all subjects. Mainstream schoolchildren aged 9–10 years were randomized 1:1 to receive three Omega 3/6 capsules twice daily or identical placebo. Assessments were made at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome measure was the Logos test battery for evaluating reading abilities. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02557477. Results The study enrolled 154 children (active n = 78; placebo n = 76), of whom 122 completed the first 3 months (active n = 64; placebo n = 58) and 105 completed the whole study (active/active n = 55; placebo/active n = 50). Outcomes were assessed by per protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses. Active treatment was superior to placebo at 3 months for improvement in phonologic decoding time (PP active/placebo difference ?0.16; 95% CI ?0.03, ?0.29; effect size (ES) .44; p = .005; and ITT ES .37; p = .036), in visual analysis time (PP active/placebo difference ?0.19; 95% CI ?0.05, ?0.33; ES .49; p = .013; and ITT ES .40; p = .01), and for boys in phonologic decoding time (PP ?0.22; 95% CI ?0.03, ?0.41; ES .62; p = .004). Children with ADHD-RS scores above the median showed treatment benefits in visual analysis time (PP ES .8, p = .009), reading speed per word (PP ES .61, p = .008), and phonologic decoding time per word (PP ES .85, p = .006). Adverse events were rare and mild, mainly stomach pain/diarrhea (active n = 9, placebo n = 2). Conclusions Compared with placebo, 3 months of Omega 3/6 treatment improved reading ability – specifically the clinically relevant ‘phonologic decoding time’ and ‘visual analysis time’ – in mainstream schoolchildren. In particular, children with attention problems showed treatment benefits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12614 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Characteristics of socially successful elementary school-aged children with autism / Jill LOCKE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.94-102 Titre : Characteristics of socially successful elementary school-aged children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jill LOCKE, Auteur ; Justin H.G. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Wendy SHIH, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.94-102 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  individual characteristics  school  social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The extant literature demonstrates that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty interacting and socially connecting with typically developing classmates. However, some children with ASD have social outcomes that are consistent with their typically developing counterparts. Little is known about this subgroup of children with ASD. This study examined the stable (unlikely to change) and malleable (changeable) characteristics of socially successful children with ASD. Methods This study used baseline data from three intervention studies performed in public schools in the Southwestern United States. A total of 148 elementary-aged children with ASD in 130 classrooms in 47 public schools participated. Measures of playground peer engagement and social network salience (inclusion in informal peer groups) were obtained. Results The results demonstrated that a number of malleable factors significantly predicted playground peer engagement (class size, autism symptom severity, peer connections) and social network salience (autism symptom severity, peer connections, received friendships). In addition, age was the only stable factor that significantly predicted social network salience. Interestingly, two malleable (i.e., peer connections and received friendships) and no stable factors (i.e., age, IQ, sex) predicted overall social success (e.g., high playground peer engagement and social network salience) in children with ASD. Conclusions School-based interventions should address malleable factors such as the number of peer connections and received friendships that predict the best social outcomes for children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12636 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Characteristics of socially successful elementary school-aged children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jill LOCKE, Auteur ; Justin H.G. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Wendy SHIH, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur . - p.94-102. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.94-102 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  individual characteristics  school  social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The extant literature demonstrates that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty interacting and socially connecting with typically developing classmates. However, some children with ASD have social outcomes that are consistent with their typically developing counterparts. Little is known about this subgroup of children with ASD. This study examined the stable (unlikely to change) and malleable (changeable) characteristics of socially successful children with ASD. Methods This study used baseline data from three intervention studies performed in public schools in the Southwestern United States. A total of 148 elementary-aged children with ASD in 130 classrooms in 47 public schools participated. Measures of playground peer engagement and social network salience (inclusion in informal peer groups) were obtained. Results The results demonstrated that a number of malleable factors significantly predicted playground peer engagement (class size, autism symptom severity, peer connections) and social network salience (autism symptom severity, peer connections, received friendships). In addition, age was the only stable factor that significantly predicted social network salience. Interestingly, two malleable (i.e., peer connections and received friendships) and no stable factors (i.e., age, IQ, sex) predicted overall social success (e.g., high playground peer engagement and social network salience) in children with ASD. Conclusions School-based interventions should address malleable factors such as the number of peer connections and received friendships that predict the best social outcomes for children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12636 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Hypervigilance-avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence / Ida WESSING in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-1 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.103-112 Titre : Hypervigilance-avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ida WESSING, Auteur ; Georg ROMER, Auteur ; Markus JUNGHÖFER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.103-112 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety disorders  children  threat bias  hypervigilance  avoidance  magnetoencephalography Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background An altered pattern of threat processing is deemed critical for the development of anxiety disorders (AD). According to the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis, AD patients show hypervigilance to threat cues at early stages of processing but avoid threat cues at later stages of processing. Consistently, adults with AD show enhanced neurophysiological responses to threat in early time windows and reduced responses to threat in late time windows. The presence of such a hypervigilance-avoidance effect and its underlying neural sources remain to be determined in clinically anxious children. Methods Twenty-three children diagnosed with an AD and 23 healthy control children aged 8–14 years saw faces with angry and neutral expressions while whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded. Neural sources were estimated based on L2-Minimum Norm inverse source modeling and analyzed in early, midlatency, and late time windows. Results In visual cortical regions, early threat processing was relatively enhanced in patients compared to controls, whereas this relation was inverted in a late interval. Consistent with the idea of affective regulation, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex revealed relatively reduced inhibition of early threat processing but revealed enhanced inhibition at a late interval in patients. Both visual-sensory and prefrontal effects were correlated with individual trait anxiety. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis of early sensory hypervigilance followed by later avoidance of threat in anxiety disordered children, presumably modulated by early reduced and later enhanced prefrontal inhibition. This neuronal hypervigilance-avoidance pattern unfolds gradually with increasing trait anxiety, reflecting a progressively biased allocation of attention to threat. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12617 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Hypervigilance-avoidance in children with anxiety disorders: magnetoencephalographic evidence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ida WESSING, Auteur ; Georg ROMER, Auteur ; Markus JUNGHÖFER, Auteur . - p.103-112. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-1 (January 2017) . - p.103-112 Mots-clés : Anxiety disorders  children  threat bias  hypervigilance  avoidance  magnetoencephalography Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background An altered pattern of threat processing is deemed critical for the development of anxiety disorders (AD). According to the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis, AD patients show hypervigilance to threat cues at early stages of processing but avoid threat cues at later stages of processing. Consistently, adults with AD show enhanced neurophysiological responses to threat in early time windows and reduced responses to threat in late time windows. The presence of such a hypervigilance-avoidance effect and its underlying neural sources remain to be determined in clinically anxious children. Methods Twenty-three children diagnosed with an AD and 23 healthy control children aged 8–14 years saw faces with angry and neutral expressions while whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded. Neural sources were estimated based on L2-Minimum Norm inverse source modeling and analyzed in early, midlatency, and late time windows. Results In visual cortical regions, early threat processing was relatively enhanced in patients compared to controls, whereas this relation was inverted in a late interval. Consistent with the idea of affective regulation, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex revealed relatively reduced inhibition of early threat processing but revealed enhanced inhibition at a late interval in patients. Both visual-sensory and prefrontal effects were correlated with individual trait anxiety. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis of early sensory hypervigilance followed by later avoidance of threat in anxiety disordered children, presumably modulated by early reduced and later enhanced prefrontal inhibition. This neuronal hypervigilance-avoidance pattern unfolds gradually with increasing trait anxiety, reflecting a progressively biased allocation of attention to threat. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12617 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298