Brief Report: Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show Normal Attention to Eye-Gaze Information—Evidence from a New Change Blindness Paradigm / Sue FLETCHER-WATSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38-9 (October 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-9 (October 2008) . - p.1785-1790 Titre : Brief Report: Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show Normal Attention to Eye-Gaze Information—Evidence from a New Change Blindness Paradigm Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sue FLETCHER-WATSON, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; John M. FINDLAY, Auteur ; Elaine C. STANTON, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1785-1790 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social-attention Change-blindness Eye-gaze-direction Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Other people’s eye-gaze is a powerful social stimulus that captures and directs visual attention. There is evidence that this is not the case for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although less is known about attention to eye-gaze in adults. We investigated whether young adults would detect a change to the direction of eye-gaze in another’s face more efficiently than a control change (presence/absence of spectacles). A change blindness method was used in which images showed faces as part of a complex, naturalistic scene. Results showed that adults with ASD, like typically developing controls, were faster and more accurate at detecting eye-gaze than control changes. Results are considered in terms of a developmental account of the relationship between social attention and other skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0548-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=606 [article] Brief Report: Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show Normal Attention to Eye-Gaze Information—Evidence from a New Change Blindness Paradigm [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sue FLETCHER-WATSON, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; John M. FINDLAY, Auteur ; Elaine C. STANTON, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1785-1790. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-9 (October 2008) . - p.1785-1790 Mots-clés : Social-attention Change-blindness Eye-gaze-direction Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Other people’s eye-gaze is a powerful social stimulus that captures and directs visual attention. There is evidence that this is not the case for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although less is known about attention to eye-gaze in adults. We investigated whether young adults would detect a change to the direction of eye-gaze in another’s face more efficiently than a control change (presence/absence of spectacles). A change blindness method was used in which images showed faces as part of a complex, naturalistic scene. Results showed that adults with ASD, like typically developing controls, were faster and more accurate at detecting eye-gaze than control changes. Results are considered in terms of a developmental account of the relationship between social attention and other skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0548-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=606

Eye Movement Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Implicit Contextual Learning / Anastasia KOURKOULOU in Autism Research, 6-3 (June 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-3 (June 2013) . - p.177-189 Titre : Eye Movement Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Implicit Contextual Learning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anastasia KOURKOULOU, Auteur ; Gustav KUHN, Auteur ; John M. FINDLAY, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.177-189 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  eye movements  visual search  implicit learning  contextual cueing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is widely accepted that we use contextual information to guide our gaze when searching for an object. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also utilise contextual information in this way; yet, their visual search in tasks of this kind is much slower compared with people without ASD. The aim of the current study was to explore the reason for this by measuring eye movements. Eye movement analyses revealed that the slowing of visual search was not caused by making a greater number of fixations. Instead, participants in the ASD group were slower to launch their first saccade, and the duration of their fixations was longer. These results indicate that slowed search in ASD in contextual learning tasks is not due to differences in the spatial allocation of attention but due to temporal delays in the initial-reflexive orienting of attention and subsequent-focused attention. These results have broader implications for understanding the unusual attention profile of individuals with ASD and how their attention may be shaped by learning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1274 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202 [article] Eye Movement Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Implicit Contextual Learning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anastasia KOURKOULOU, Auteur ; Gustav KUHN, Auteur ; John M. FINDLAY, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.177-189. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-3 (June 2013) . - p.177-189 Mots-clés : autism  eye movements  visual search  implicit learning  contextual cueing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is widely accepted that we use contextual information to guide our gaze when searching for an object. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also utilise contextual information in this way; yet, their visual search in tasks of this kind is much slower compared with people without ASD. The aim of the current study was to explore the reason for this by measuring eye movements. Eye movement analyses revealed that the slowing of visual search was not caused by making a greater number of fixations. Instead, participants in the ASD group were slower to launch their first saccade, and the duration of their fixations was longer. These results indicate that slowed search in ASD in contextual learning tasks is not due to differences in the spatial allocation of attention but due to temporal delays in the initial-reflexive orienting of attention and subsequent-focused attention. These results have broader implications for understanding the unusual attention profile of individuals with ASD and how their attention may be shaped by learning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1274 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202

Implicit Learning of Local Context in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Anastasia KOURKOULOU in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-2 (February 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-2 (February 2012) . - p.244-256 Titre : Implicit Learning of Local Context in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anastasia KOURKOULOU, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; John M. FINDLAY, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.244-256 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Implicit learning  Visual search  Global  Local Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although previous research has reported impairments in implicit learning in individuals with ASD, research using one implicit learning paradigm, the contextual cueing task (Chun and Jiang in Cognitive Psychol 36:28–71, 1998), shows evidence of intact ability to integrate spatial contextual information. Using an adaptation of this paradigm, we replicated earlier findings showing that contextual cueing facilitates learning in ASD. Nevertheless, we found that exposure to repeated contexts that biased attention to local rather than global displays rendered it difficult for individuals with ASD to adapt to new trials. Thus, adaptive processes that allow one to respond flexibly and rapidly to new situations appear diminished in ASD when exposed to local spatial contexts. These findings have implications for practical learning strategies used in educational settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1237-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=151 [article] Implicit Learning of Local Context in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anastasia KOURKOULOU, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; John M. FINDLAY, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.244-256. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-2 (February 2012) . - p.244-256 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Implicit learning  Visual search  Global  Local Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although previous research has reported impairments in implicit learning in individuals with ASD, research using one implicit learning paradigm, the contextual cueing task (Chun and Jiang in Cognitive Psychol 36:28–71, 1998), shows evidence of intact ability to integrate spatial contextual information. Using an adaptation of this paradigm, we replicated earlier findings showing that contextual cueing facilitates learning in ASD. Nevertheless, we found that exposure to repeated contexts that biased attention to local rather than global displays rendered it difficult for individuals with ASD to adapt to new trials. Thus, adaptive processes that allow one to respond flexibly and rapidly to new situations appear diminished in ASD when exposed to local spatial contexts. These findings have implications for practical learning strategies used in educational settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1237-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=151

Social Interest in High-Functioning Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders / Sue FLETCHER-WATSON in Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 28-4 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inFocus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities > 28-4 (December 2013) . - p.222-229 Titre : Social Interest in High-Functioning Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sue FLETCHER-WATSON, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; John M. FINDLAY, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.222-229 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : high-functioning autism  Asperger syndrome  content analysis  social interest Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are principally characterized by impairments in social functioning. Experimental investigation often is conducted using methods measuring social attention, social cognition, and social communication. In this study, we instead measured interest in social information, making a distinction between basic-level person-centered social information such as physical attributes of people (“human” information) and high-level social information such as hypotheses about mental states, emotion, and relationships (“social” information). Based on content analysis of verbal descriptions of color images, 31 young adults (4 women), aged 17 to 25 years with ASD, and 35 typically developing young adults (8 women), aged 17 to 31 years, devoted similar proportions of their descriptions to human and social topics. Results are interpreted in the context of current calls for more ecologically valid methodology and in relation to other assessments of social processing in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088357613480829 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Social Interest in High-Functioning Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sue FLETCHER-WATSON, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; John M. FINDLAY, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.222-229. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities > 28-4 (December 2013) . - p.222-229 Mots-clés : high-functioning autism  Asperger syndrome  content analysis  social interest Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are principally characterized by impairments in social functioning. Experimental investigation often is conducted using methods measuring social attention, social cognition, and social communication. In this study, we instead measured interest in social information, making a distinction between basic-level person-centered social information such as physical attributes of people (“human” information) and high-level social information such as hypotheses about mental states, emotion, and relationships (“social” information). Based on content analysis of verbal descriptions of color images, 31 young adults (4 women), aged 17 to 25 years with ASD, and 35 typically developing young adults (8 women), aged 17 to 31 years, devoted similar proportions of their descriptions to human and social topics. Results are interpreted in the context of current calls for more ecologically valid methodology and in relation to other assessments of social processing in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088357613480829 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

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