Discourse comprehension in autism spectrum disorder: Effects of working memory load and common ground / Jillian M. SCHUH in Autism Research, 9-12 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1340-1352 Titre : Discourse comprehension in autism spectrum disorder: Effects of working memory load and common ground Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jillian M. SCHUH, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Daniel MIRMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1340-1352 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  referential communication  discourse  common ground  working memory  theory of mind  eyetracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pragmatic language impairments are nearly universal in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Discourse requires that we monitor information that is shared or mutually known, called “common ground.” While many studies have examined the role of Theory of Mind (ToM) in such impairments, few have examined working memory (WM). Common ground impairments in ASD could reflect limitations in both WM and ToM. This study explored common ground use in youth ages 8–17 years with high-functioning ASD (n?=?13) and typical development (n?=?22); groups did not differ on age, gender, IQ, or standardized language. We tracked participants' eye movements while they performed a discourse task in which some information was known only to the participant (e.g., was privileged; a manipulation of ToM). In addition, the amount of privileged information varied (a manipulation of WM). All participants were slower to fixate the target when considering privileged information, and this effect was greatest during high WM load trials. Further, the ASD group was more likely to fixate competing (non-target) shapes. Predictors of fixation patterns included ASD symptomatology, language ability, ToM, and WM. Groups did not differ in ToM. Individuals with better WM fixated the target more rapidly, suggesting an association between WM capacity and efficient discourse. In addition to ToM knowledge, WM capacity constrains common ground representation and impacts pragmatic skills in ASD. Social impairments in ASD are thus associated with WM capacity, such that deficits in domain-general, nonsocial processes such as WM exert an influence during complex social interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1632 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Discourse comprehension in autism spectrum disorder: Effects of working memory load and common ground [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jillian M. SCHUH, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Daniel MIRMAN, Auteur . - p.1340-1352. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1340-1352 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  referential communication  discourse  common ground  working memory  theory of mind  eyetracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pragmatic language impairments are nearly universal in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Discourse requires that we monitor information that is shared or mutually known, called “common ground.” While many studies have examined the role of Theory of Mind (ToM) in such impairments, few have examined working memory (WM). Common ground impairments in ASD could reflect limitations in both WM and ToM. This study explored common ground use in youth ages 8–17 years with high-functioning ASD (n?=?13) and typical development (n?=?22); groups did not differ on age, gender, IQ, or standardized language. We tracked participants' eye movements while they performed a discourse task in which some information was known only to the participant (e.g., was privileged; a manipulation of ToM). In addition, the amount of privileged information varied (a manipulation of WM). All participants were slower to fixate the target when considering privileged information, and this effect was greatest during high WM load trials. Further, the ASD group was more likely to fixate competing (non-target) shapes. Predictors of fixation patterns included ASD symptomatology, language ability, ToM, and WM. Groups did not differ in ToM. Individuals with better WM fixated the target more rapidly, suggesting an association between WM capacity and efficient discourse. In addition to ToM knowledge, WM capacity constrains common ground representation and impacts pragmatic skills in ASD. Social impairments in ASD are thus associated with WM capacity, such that deficits in domain-general, nonsocial processes such as WM exert an influence during complex social interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1632 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Language acquisition in autism spectrum disorders: A developmental review / Inge-Marie EIGSTI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-2 (April-June 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-2 (April-June 2011) . - p.681-691 Titre : Language acquisition in autism spectrum disorders: A developmental review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Ashley B. DE MARCHENA, Auteur ; Jillian M. SCHUH, Auteur ; Elizabeth KELLEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.681-691 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Language acquisition  Development  Review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper reviews the complex literature on language acquisition in the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Because of the high degree of interest in ASD in the past decade, the field has been changing rapidly, with progress in both basic science and applied clinical areas. In addition, psycholinguistically-trained researchers have increasingly begun to test theories of language acquisition in studies of ASD, because it is characterized by meaningful differences in ability across a wide range of language, social, and cognitive domains. As such, ASD has served as a “natural laboratory” in which to explore a variety of theories of language acquisition. We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of language acquisition in autism spectrum disorders, also noting gaps in our current knowledge. We also review implications of this work for theories of typical language acquisition, and discuss some promising future directions. While the pragmatic deficits that characterize autism spectrum disorders are widely acknowledged, both clinicians and researchers should consider the phonological and morphosyntactic differences that likely play an important role in language comprehension and production for affected children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.09.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114 [article] Language acquisition in autism spectrum disorders: A developmental review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Ashley B. DE MARCHENA, Auteur ; Jillian M. SCHUH, Auteur ; Elizabeth KELLEY, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.681-691. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-2 (April-June 2011) . - p.681-691 Mots-clés : Autism  Language acquisition  Development  Review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper reviews the complex literature on language acquisition in the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Because of the high degree of interest in ASD in the past decade, the field has been changing rapidly, with progress in both basic science and applied clinical areas. In addition, psycholinguistically-trained researchers have increasingly begun to test theories of language acquisition in studies of ASD, because it is characterized by meaningful differences in ability across a wide range of language, social, and cognitive domains. As such, ASD has served as a “natural laboratory” in which to explore a variety of theories of language acquisition. We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of language acquisition in autism spectrum disorders, also noting gaps in our current knowledge. We also review implications of this work for theories of typical language acquisition, and discuss some promising future directions. While the pragmatic deficits that characterize autism spectrum disorders are widely acknowledged, both clinicians and researchers should consider the phonological and morphosyntactic differences that likely play an important role in language comprehension and production for affected children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.09.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114

Language and cognitive outcomes in internationally adopted children / Inge-Marie EIGSTI in Development and Psychopathology, 23-2 (May 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 23-2 (May 2011) . - p.629-646 Titre : Language and cognitive outcomes in internationally adopted children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Carol C. WEITZMAN, Auteur ; Jillian M. SCHUH, Auteur ; Ashley B. DE MARCHENA, Auteur ; B.J. CASEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.629-646 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study focuses on the association between language skills and core cognitive processes relative to the duration of institutionalization in children adopted from orphanages abroad. Participants in the adoptive group (n = 46) had arrived in the United States between the ages of 2 and 84 months (mean = 24 months), and had been living in the United States for 1–9 years. Drawing on both experimental and standardized assessments, language skills of the international adoptees differed as a function of length of time spent in an institution and from those of 24 nonadopted controls. Top-down cognitive assessments including measures of explicit memory and cognitive control differed between adopted and nonadopted children, yet differences between groups in bottom-up implicit learning processes were unremarkable. Based on the present findings, we propose a speculative model linking language and cognitive changes to underlying neural circuitry alterations that reflect the impact of chronic stress, due to adoptees' experience of noncontingent, nonindividualized caregiving. Thus, the present study provides support for a relationship between domain-general cognitive processes and language acquisition, and describes a potential mechanism by which language skills are affected by institutionalization. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000204 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121 [article] Language and cognitive outcomes in internationally adopted children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Carol C. WEITZMAN, Auteur ; Jillian M. SCHUH, Auteur ; Ashley B. DE MARCHENA, Auteur ; B.J. CASEY, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.629-646. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 23-2 (May 2011) . - p.629-646 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study focuses on the association between language skills and core cognitive processes relative to the duration of institutionalization in children adopted from orphanages abroad. Participants in the adoptive group (n = 46) had arrived in the United States between the ages of 2 and 84 months (mean = 24 months), and had been living in the United States for 1–9 years. Drawing on both experimental and standardized assessments, language skills of the international adoptees differed as a function of length of time spent in an institution and from those of 24 nonadopted controls. Top-down cognitive assessments including measures of explicit memory and cognitive control differed between adopted and nonadopted children, yet differences between groups in bottom-up implicit learning processes were unremarkable. Based on the present findings, we propose a speculative model linking language and cognitive changes to underlying neural circuitry alterations that reflect the impact of chronic stress, due to adoptees' experience of noncontingent, nonindividualized caregiving. Thus, the present study provides support for a relationship between domain-general cognitive processes and language acquisition, and describes a potential mechanism by which language skills are affected by institutionalization. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000204 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121

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