Annual Research Review: Attachment disorders in early childhood – clinical presentation, causes, correlates, and treatment / Charles H. ZEANAH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.207-222 Titre : Annual Research Review: Attachment disorders in early childhood – clinical presentation, causes, correlates, and treatment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Mary Margaret GLEASON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.207-222 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attachment  attachment disorder  reactive attachment disorder  disinhibited social engagement disorder  indiscriminate behavior  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Though noted in the clinical literature for more than 50 years, attachment disorders have been studied systematically only recently. In part because of the ubiquity of attachments in humans, determining when aberrant behavior is best explained as an attachment disorder as opposed to insecure attachment has led to some confusion. In this selective review, we consider the literature on reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder and describe an emerging consensus about a number of issues, while also noting some areas of controversy and others where we lack clear answers. We include a brief history of the classification of the disorders, as well as measurement issues. We describe their clinical presentation, causes and vulnerability factors, and clinical correlates, including the relation of disorders to secure and insecure attachment classifications. We also review what little is known and what more we need to learn about interventions. Methods We conducted a literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases, using search terms ‘reactive attachment disorder,’ ‘attachment disorder,’ ‘indiscriminate behavior,’ ‘indiscriminate friendliness,’ ‘indiscriminate socially disinhibited reactive attachment disorder,’ ‘disinhibited social engagement disorder,’ and ‘disinhibited social behavior.’ We also contacted investigators who have published on these topics. Findings A growing literature has assessed behaviors in children who have experienced various types of adverse caregiving environments reflecting signs of putative attachment disorders, though fewer studies have investigated categorically defined attachment disorders. The evidence for two separate disorders is considerable, with reactive attachment disorder indicating children who lack attachments despite the developmental capacity to form them, and disinhibited social engagement disorder indicating children who lack developmentally appropriate reticence with unfamiliar adults and who violate socially sanctioned boundaries. Conclusions Although many questions remain to be answered, especially regarding appropriate interventions, we know considerably more about attachment disorders than we did only a decade ago. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12347 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Annual Research Review: Attachment disorders in early childhood – clinical presentation, causes, correlates, and treatment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Mary Margaret GLEASON, Auteur . - p.207-222. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.207-222 Mots-clés : Attachment  attachment disorder  reactive attachment disorder  disinhibited social engagement disorder  indiscriminate behavior  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Though noted in the clinical literature for more than 50 years, attachment disorders have been studied systematically only recently. In part because of the ubiquity of attachments in humans, determining when aberrant behavior is best explained as an attachment disorder as opposed to insecure attachment has led to some confusion. In this selective review, we consider the literature on reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder and describe an emerging consensus about a number of issues, while also noting some areas of controversy and others where we lack clear answers. We include a brief history of the classification of the disorders, as well as measurement issues. We describe their clinical presentation, causes and vulnerability factors, and clinical correlates, including the relation of disorders to secure and insecure attachment classifications. We also review what little is known and what more we need to learn about interventions. Methods We conducted a literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases, using search terms ‘reactive attachment disorder,’ ‘attachment disorder,’ ‘indiscriminate behavior,’ ‘indiscriminate friendliness,’ ‘indiscriminate socially disinhibited reactive attachment disorder,’ ‘disinhibited social engagement disorder,’ and ‘disinhibited social behavior.’ We also contacted investigators who have published on these topics. Findings A growing literature has assessed behaviors in children who have experienced various types of adverse caregiving environments reflecting signs of putative attachment disorders, though fewer studies have investigated categorically defined attachment disorders. The evidence for two separate disorders is considerable, with reactive attachment disorder indicating children who lack attachments despite the developmental capacity to form them, and disinhibited social engagement disorder indicating children who lack developmentally appropriate reticence with unfamiliar adults and who violate socially sanctioned boundaries. Conclusions Although many questions remain to be answered, especially regarding appropriate interventions, we know considerably more about attachment disorders than we did only a decade ago. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12347 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Commentary: Should we move away from an attachment framework for understanding disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)? A commentary on Zeanah and Gleason () / Karlen LYONS-RUTH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.223-227 Titre : Commentary: Should we move away from an attachment framework for understanding disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)? A commentary on Zeanah and Gleason () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karlen LYONS-RUTH, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Mary Margaret GLEASON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.223-227 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reactive attachment disorder  disinhibited social engagement disorder  infant social behavior  attachment relationships social neglect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Zeanah and Gleason have contributed a very informative and comprehensive review of the considerable recent advances in understanding reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). Research in the past 15 years has grounded these diagnoses in a solid evidence base, due to the sophisticated work carried out by investigators of the ERAS and BEIP studies, as well as other efforts. The authors do an elegant job of synthesizing this new evidence and highlighting the questions and current controversies that emerge from so much new information. Given the scope of their task, they had limited space to elaborate on underlying etiological and conceptual models for these disorders and, in particular, the conceptual controversy underlying the recent DSM-5 decision to relabel Reactive Attachment Disorder- Indiscriminate Type to Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder. That change essentially turns on whether DSED should be considered a disorder of attachment or a disorder with a nonattachment-related etiology. This is an important controversy that will define research agendas for future studies and that goes to the heart of how to mount effective interventions for DSED. Thus, it is important to clarify the conceptualizations of etiological mechanisms that might underlie DSED. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12373 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Commentary: Should we move away from an attachment framework for understanding disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)? A commentary on Zeanah and Gleason () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karlen LYONS-RUTH, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Mary Margaret GLEASON, Auteur . - p.223-227. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.223-227 Mots-clés : Reactive attachment disorder  disinhibited social engagement disorder  infant social behavior  attachment relationships social neglect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Zeanah and Gleason have contributed a very informative and comprehensive review of the considerable recent advances in understanding reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). Research in the past 15 years has grounded these diagnoses in a solid evidence base, due to the sophisticated work carried out by investigators of the ERAS and BEIP studies, as well as other efforts. The authors do an elegant job of synthesizing this new evidence and highlighting the questions and current controversies that emerge from so much new information. Given the scope of their task, they had limited space to elaborate on underlying etiological and conceptual models for these disorders and, in particular, the conceptual controversy underlying the recent DSM-5 decision to relabel Reactive Attachment Disorder- Indiscriminate Type to Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder. That change essentially turns on whether DSED should be considered a disorder of attachment or a disorder with a nonattachment-related etiology. This is an important controversy that will define research agendas for future studies and that goes to the heart of how to mount effective interventions for DSED. Thus, it is important to clarify the conceptualizations of etiological mechanisms that might underlie DSED. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12373 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype moderates the longitudinal impact of early caregiving on externalizing behavior / Zoë H. BRETT in Development and Psychopathology, 27-1 (February 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 27-1 (February 2015) . - p.7-18 Titre : Serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype moderates the longitudinal impact of early caregiving on externalizing behavior Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Zoë H. BRETT, Auteur ; Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Anna T. SMYKE, Auteur ; Mary Margaret GLEASON, Auteur ; Charles A. NELSON, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Nathan A. FOX, Auteur ; Stacy S. DRURY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.7-18 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined caregiver report of externalizing behavior from 12 to 54 months of age in 102 children randomized to care as usual in institutions or to newly created high-quality foster care. At baseline no differences by group or genotype in externalizing were found. However, changes in externalizing from baseline to 42 months of age were moderated by the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region genotype and intervention group, where the slope for short–short (S/S) individuals differed as a function of intervention group. The slope for individuals carrying the long allele did not significantly differ between groups. At 54 months of age, S/S children in the foster care group had the lowest levels of externalizing behavior, while children with the S/S genotype in the care as usual group demonstrated the highest rates of externalizing behavior. No intervention group differences were found in externalizing behavior among children who carried the long allele. These findings, within a randomized controlled trial of foster care compared to continued care as usual, indicate that the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region genotype moderates the relation between early caregiving environments to predict externalizing behavior in children exposed to early institutional care in a manner most consistent with differential susceptibility. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414001266 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257 [article] Serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype moderates the longitudinal impact of early caregiving on externalizing behavior [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Zoë H. BRETT, Auteur ; Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Anna T. SMYKE, Auteur ; Mary Margaret GLEASON, Auteur ; Charles A. NELSON, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Nathan A. FOX, Auteur ; Stacy S. DRURY, Auteur . - p.7-18. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 27-1 (February 2015) . - p.7-18 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined caregiver report of externalizing behavior from 12 to 54 months of age in 102 children randomized to care as usual in institutions or to newly created high-quality foster care. At baseline no differences by group or genotype in externalizing were found. However, changes in externalizing from baseline to 42 months of age were moderated by the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region genotype and intervention group, where the slope for short–short (S/S) individuals differed as a function of intervention group. The slope for individuals carrying the long allele did not significantly differ between groups. At 54 months of age, S/S children in the foster care group had the lowest levels of externalizing behavior, while children with the S/S genotype in the care as usual group demonstrated the highest rates of externalizing behavior. No intervention group differences were found in externalizing behavior among children who carried the long allele. These findings, within a randomized controlled trial of foster care compared to continued care as usual, indicate that the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region genotype moderates the relation between early caregiving environments to predict externalizing behavior in children exposed to early institutional care in a manner most consistent with differential susceptibility. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414001266 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257

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