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Auteur Stephen SCOTT |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (18)



Research Review: Harnessing the power of individual participant data in a meta?analysis of the benefits and harms of the Incredible Years parenting program / Patty LEIJTEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-2 (February 2018)
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Titre : Research Review: Harnessing the power of individual participant data in a meta?analysis of the benefits and harms of the Incredible Years parenting program Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Patty LEIJTEN, Auteur ; Frances GARDNER, Auteur ; Sabine LANDAU, Auteur ; Victoria HARRIS, Auteur ; Joanna MANN, Auteur ; Judy HUTCHINGS, Auteur ; Jennifer BEECHAM, Auteur ; Eva?Maria BONIN, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.99-109 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Parenting programs aim to reduce children's conduct problems through improvement of family dynamics. To date, research on the precise benefits and possible harms of parenting programs on family well?being has been unsystematic and likely to be subject to selective outcome reporting and publication bias. Better understanding of program benefits and harms requires full disclosure by researchers of all included measures, and large enough numbers of participants to be able to detect small effects and estimate them precisely. Methods We obtained individual participant data for 14 of 15 randomized controlled trials on the Incredible Years parenting program in Europe (total N = 1,799). We used multilevel modeling to estimate program effects on 13 parent?reported outcomes, including parenting practices, children's mental health, and parental mental health. Results Parental use of praise, corporal punishment, threats, and shouting improved, while parental use of tangible rewards, monitoring, or laxness did not. Children's conduct problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms improved, while emotional problems did not. Parental mental health (depressive symptoms, self?efficacy, and stress) did not improve. There was no evidence of harmful effects. Conclusions The Incredible Years parenting program improves the aspects of family well?being that it is primarily designed to improve: parenting and children's conduct problems. It also improves parent?reported ADHD symptoms in children. Wider benefits are limited: the program does not improve children's emotional problems or parental mental health. There are no signs of harm on any of the target outcomes. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12781 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=339
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-2 (February 2018) . - p.99-109[article] Research Review: Harnessing the power of individual participant data in a meta?analysis of the benefits and harms of the Incredible Years parenting program [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Patty LEIJTEN, Auteur ; Frances GARDNER, Auteur ; Sabine LANDAU, Auteur ; Victoria HARRIS, Auteur ; Joanna MANN, Auteur ; Judy HUTCHINGS, Auteur ; Jennifer BEECHAM, Auteur ; Eva?Maria BONIN, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur . - p.99-109.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-2 (February 2018) . - p.99-109
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Parenting programs aim to reduce children's conduct problems through improvement of family dynamics. To date, research on the precise benefits and possible harms of parenting programs on family well?being has been unsystematic and likely to be subject to selective outcome reporting and publication bias. Better understanding of program benefits and harms requires full disclosure by researchers of all included measures, and large enough numbers of participants to be able to detect small effects and estimate them precisely. Methods We obtained individual participant data for 14 of 15 randomized controlled trials on the Incredible Years parenting program in Europe (total N = 1,799). We used multilevel modeling to estimate program effects on 13 parent?reported outcomes, including parenting practices, children's mental health, and parental mental health. Results Parental use of praise, corporal punishment, threats, and shouting improved, while parental use of tangible rewards, monitoring, or laxness did not. Children's conduct problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms improved, while emotional problems did not. Parental mental health (depressive symptoms, self?efficacy, and stress) did not improve. There was no evidence of harmful effects. Conclusions The Incredible Years parenting program improves the aspects of family well?being that it is primarily designed to improve: parenting and children's conduct problems. It also improves parent?reported ADHD symptoms in children. Wider benefits are limited: the program does not improve children's emotional problems or parental mental health. There are no signs of harm on any of the target outcomes. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12781 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=339 Shared and disorder-specific prefrontal abnormalities in boys with pure attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to boys with pure CD during interference inhibition and attention allocation / Katya RUBIA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-6 (June 2009)
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Titre : Shared and disorder-specific prefrontal abnormalities in boys with pure attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to boys with pure CD during interference inhibition and attention allocation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katya RUBIA, Auteur ; Michael BRAMMER, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur ; Anna B. SMITH, Auteur ; Rozmin HALARI, Auteur ; Majeed MOHAMMAD, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.669-678 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD Conduct-disorder-(CD) fMRI interference-inhibition Simon-task oddball-task attention-allocation frontal-lobes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Inhibitory and attention deficits have been suggested to be shared problems of disruptive behaviour disorders. Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and patients with conduct disorder (CD) show deficits in tasks of attention allocation and interference inhibition. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of inhibitory and attention control has only been investigated in patients with ADHD, including comorbidity with CD, finding fronto-striatal and temporo-parietal dysfunction. This study investigates differences and commonalities in functional neural networks mediating interference inhibition and attention allocation between medication-naïve children and adolescents with pure CD and those with pure ADHD.
Methods: Event-related fMRI was used to compare brain activation of 13 boys with non-comorbid CD, 20 boys with non-comorbid ADHD and 20 healthy comparison boys during a Simon task that measures interference inhibition and controls for attention allocation, thus tapping into interference inhibition and selective attention networks.
Results: During interference inhibition, both patient groups shared reduced activation compared to controls in right superior temporal lobe and in predominantly right precuneus. During the oddball condition, both patient groups showed reduced activation compared to healthy control children in right medial prefrontal lobe. However, only ADHD patients showed a disorder-specific under-activation compared to the other two groups in an extensive activation cluster in left inferior prefrontal cortex.
Conclusions: This study shows shared dysfunction in both patients groups in right hemispheric temporal and parietal brain regions during interference inhibition and in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during attention allocation. Ventrolateral prefrontal dysfunction, however, was specific to ADHD and not observed in patients with CD in the context of attention allocation. The findings suggest that the typically reduced functional activation in patients with ADHD in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may be specific to the disorder, at least when compared to patients with CD.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02022.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=755
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-6 (June 2009) . - p.669-678[article] Shared and disorder-specific prefrontal abnormalities in boys with pure attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to boys with pure CD during interference inhibition and attention allocation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katya RUBIA, Auteur ; Michael BRAMMER, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur ; Anna B. SMITH, Auteur ; Rozmin HALARI, Auteur ; Majeed MOHAMMAD, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.669-678.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-6 (June 2009) . - p.669-678
Mots-clés : ADHD Conduct-disorder-(CD) fMRI interference-inhibition Simon-task oddball-task attention-allocation frontal-lobes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Inhibitory and attention deficits have been suggested to be shared problems of disruptive behaviour disorders. Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and patients with conduct disorder (CD) show deficits in tasks of attention allocation and interference inhibition. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of inhibitory and attention control has only been investigated in patients with ADHD, including comorbidity with CD, finding fronto-striatal and temporo-parietal dysfunction. This study investigates differences and commonalities in functional neural networks mediating interference inhibition and attention allocation between medication-naïve children and adolescents with pure CD and those with pure ADHD.
Methods: Event-related fMRI was used to compare brain activation of 13 boys with non-comorbid CD, 20 boys with non-comorbid ADHD and 20 healthy comparison boys during a Simon task that measures interference inhibition and controls for attention allocation, thus tapping into interference inhibition and selective attention networks.
Results: During interference inhibition, both patient groups shared reduced activation compared to controls in right superior temporal lobe and in predominantly right precuneus. During the oddball condition, both patient groups showed reduced activation compared to healthy control children in right medial prefrontal lobe. However, only ADHD patients showed a disorder-specific under-activation compared to the other two groups in an extensive activation cluster in left inferior prefrontal cortex.
Conclusions: This study shows shared dysfunction in both patients groups in right hemispheric temporal and parietal brain regions during interference inhibition and in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during attention allocation. Ventrolateral prefrontal dysfunction, however, was specific to ADHD and not observed in patients with CD in the context of attention allocation. The findings suggest that the typically reduced functional activation in patients with ADHD in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may be specific to the disorder, at least when compared to patients with CD.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02022.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=755 The formation of secure new attachments by children who were maltreated: An observational study of adolescents in foster care / Michelle A. JOSEPH in Development and Psychopathology, 26-1 (February 2014)
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Titre : The formation of secure new attachments by children who were maltreated: An observational study of adolescents in foster care Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michelle A. JOSEPH, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Jacqueline A. BRISKMAN, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.67-80 Langues : Français (fre) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children who were maltreated and enter foster care are at risk for maladjustment and relationship disturbances with foster carers. A popular hypothesis is that prior attachment relationships with abusive birth parents are internalized and carried forward to impair the child's subsequent attachment relationships. However, the empirical base for this model is limited, especially in adolescence. We examined the attachment patterns of 62 adolescents with their birth parents and their foster parents; we compared them to a comparison sample of 50 adolescents in normal-risk families. Attachment was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview; adolescent–parent interaction quality was assessed from direct observation; disruptive behavior symptoms were assessed from multiple informants. Whereas nearly all of the adolescents in foster families exhibited insecure attachments to their birth mothers (90%) and birth fathers (100%), nearly one-half were classified as having a secure attachment with their foster mother (46%) and father (49%); rates of secure attachment toward foster parents did not differ significantly from the rate in comparison families. Within the foster care sample, attachment security to the foster mother was predicted from current observed relationship quality and the duration of current placement. In addition, attachment quality in foster adolescents was associated with fewer disruptive behavior symptoms, and this association was equally strong in foster and comparison families. Our findings demonstrate that there is substantial potential for maltreated children to change and develop subsequent secure attachments in adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224
in Development and Psychopathology > 26-1 (February 2014) . - p.67-80[article] The formation of secure new attachments by children who were maltreated: An observational study of adolescents in foster care [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michelle A. JOSEPH, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Jacqueline A. BRISKMAN, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur . - p.67-80.
Langues : Français (fre)
in Development and Psychopathology > 26-1 (February 2014) . - p.67-80
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children who were maltreated and enter foster care are at risk for maladjustment and relationship disturbances with foster carers. A popular hypothesis is that prior attachment relationships with abusive birth parents are internalized and carried forward to impair the child's subsequent attachment relationships. However, the empirical base for this model is limited, especially in adolescence. We examined the attachment patterns of 62 adolescents with their birth parents and their foster parents; we compared them to a comparison sample of 50 adolescents in normal-risk families. Attachment was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview; adolescent–parent interaction quality was assessed from direct observation; disruptive behavior symptoms were assessed from multiple informants. Whereas nearly all of the adolescents in foster families exhibited insecure attachments to their birth mothers (90%) and birth fathers (100%), nearly one-half were classified as having a secure attachment with their foster mother (46%) and father (49%); rates of secure attachment toward foster parents did not differ significantly from the rate in comparison families. Within the foster care sample, attachment security to the foster mother was predicted from current observed relationship quality and the duration of current placement. In addition, attachment quality in foster adolescents was associated with fewer disruptive behavior symptoms, and this association was equally strong in foster and comparison families. Our findings demonstrate that there is substantial potential for maltreated children to change and develop subsequent secure attachments in adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224