2 recherche sur le mot-clé 'ADHD risk'

Annual Research Review: Rare genotypes and childhood psychopathology – uncovering diverse developmental mechanisms of ADHD risk / Gaia SCERIF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.251-273 Titre : Annual Research Review: Rare genotypes and childhood psychopathology – uncovering diverse developmental mechanisms of ADHD risk Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Kate BAKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.251-273 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Rare genotypes  causal pathways  developmental mechanisms  ADHD risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Through the increased availability and sophistication of genetic testing, it is now possible to identify causal diagnoses in a growing proportion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition to developmental delay and intellectual disability, many genetic disorders are associated with high risks of psychopathology, which curtail the wellbeing of affected individuals and their families. Beyond the identification of significant clinical needs, understanding the diverse pathways from rare genetic mutations to cognitive dysfunction and emotional–behavioural disturbance has theoretical and practical utility. Methods We overview (based on a strategic search of the literature) the state-of-the-art on causal mechanisms leading to one of the most common childhood behavioural diagnoses – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – in the context of specific genetic disorders. We focus on new insights emerging from the mapping of causal pathways from identified genetic differences to neuronal biology, brain abnormalities, cognitive processing differences and ultimately behavioural symptoms of ADHD. Findings First, ADHD research in the context of rare genotypes highlights the complexity of multilevel mechanisms contributing to psychopathology risk. Second, comparisons between genetic disorders associated with similar psychopathology risks can elucidate convergent or distinct mechanisms at each level of analysis, which may inform therapeutic interventions and prognosis. Third, genetic disorders provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe dynamic developmental interactions between neurocognitive risk and behavioural symptoms. Fourth, variation in expression of psychopathology risk within each genetic disorder points to putative moderating and protective factors within the genome and the environment. Conclusion A common imperative emerging within psychopathology research is the need to investigate mechanistically how developmental trajectories converge or diverge between and within genotype-defined groups. Crucially, as genetic predispositions modify interaction dynamics from the outset, longitudinal research is required to understand the multi-level developmental processes that mediate symptom evolution. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12374 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Annual Research Review: Rare genotypes and childhood psychopathology – uncovering diverse developmental mechanisms of ADHD risk [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Kate BAKER, Auteur . - p.251-273. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.251-273 Mots-clés : Rare genotypes  causal pathways  developmental mechanisms  ADHD risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Through the increased availability and sophistication of genetic testing, it is now possible to identify causal diagnoses in a growing proportion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition to developmental delay and intellectual disability, many genetic disorders are associated with high risks of psychopathology, which curtail the wellbeing of affected individuals and their families. Beyond the identification of significant clinical needs, understanding the diverse pathways from rare genetic mutations to cognitive dysfunction and emotional–behavioural disturbance has theoretical and practical utility. Methods We overview (based on a strategic search of the literature) the state-of-the-art on causal mechanisms leading to one of the most common childhood behavioural diagnoses – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – in the context of specific genetic disorders. We focus on new insights emerging from the mapping of causal pathways from identified genetic differences to neuronal biology, brain abnormalities, cognitive processing differences and ultimately behavioural symptoms of ADHD. Findings First, ADHD research in the context of rare genotypes highlights the complexity of multilevel mechanisms contributing to psychopathology risk. Second, comparisons between genetic disorders associated with similar psychopathology risks can elucidate convergent or distinct mechanisms at each level of analysis, which may inform therapeutic interventions and prognosis. Third, genetic disorders provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe dynamic developmental interactions between neurocognitive risk and behavioural symptoms. Fourth, variation in expression of psychopathology risk within each genetic disorder points to putative moderating and protective factors within the genome and the environment. Conclusion A common imperative emerging within psychopathology research is the need to investigate mechanistically how developmental trajectories converge or diverge between and within genotype-defined groups. Crucially, as genetic predispositions modify interaction dynamics from the outset, longitudinal research is required to understand the multi-level developmental processes that mediate symptom evolution. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12374 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Early identification of ADHD risk via infant temperament and emotion regulation: a pilot study / Elinor L. SULLIVAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-9 (September 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-9 (September 2015) . - p.949-957 Titre : Early identification of ADHD risk via infant temperament and emotion regulation: a pilot study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elinor L. SULLIVAN, Auteur ; Kathleen F. HOLTON, Auteur ; Elizabeth K. NOUSEN, Auteur ; Ashley N. BARLING, Auteur ; Ceri A. SULLIVAN, Auteur ; Cathi B. PROPPER, Auteur ; Joel T. NIGG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.949-957 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD risk  markers  early identification  maternal precursors  emotional dysregulation  infant temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is theorized to have temperamental precursors early in life. These are difficult to identify because many core features of ADHD, such as breakdowns in executive function and self-control, involve psychological and neural systems that are too immature to reliably show dysfunction in early life. ADHD also involves emotional dysregulation, and these temperamental features appear earlier as well. Here, we report a first attempt to utilize indices of emotional regulation to identify ADHD-related liability in infancy. Methods Fifty women were recruited in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, with overselection for high parental ADHD symptoms. Measures of maternal body mass index, nutrition, substance use, stress, and mood were examined during pregnancy as potential confounds. Offspring were evaluated at 6 months of age using LABTAB procedures designed to elicit fear, anger, and regulatory behavior. Mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire about their child's temperament. Results After control for associated covariates, including maternal depression and prenatal stress, family history of ADHD was associated with measures of anger/irritability, including infant negative vocalizations during the arm restraint task (p = .004), and maternal ratings of infant distress to limitations (p = .036). In the regulation domain, familial ADHD was associated with less parent-oriented attention seeking during the still face procedure (p < .001), but this was not echoed in the maternal ratings of recovery from distress. Conclusions Affective response at 6 months of age may identify infants with familial history of ADHD, providing an early indicator of ADHD liability. These preliminary results provide a foundation for further studies and will be amplified by enlarging this cohort and following participants longitudinally to evaluate ADHD outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12426 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=267 [article] Early identification of ADHD risk via infant temperament and emotion regulation: a pilot study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elinor L. SULLIVAN, Auteur ; Kathleen F. HOLTON, Auteur ; Elizabeth K. NOUSEN, Auteur ; Ashley N. BARLING, Auteur ; Ceri A. SULLIVAN, Auteur ; Cathi B. PROPPER, Auteur ; Joel T. NIGG, Auteur . - p.949-957. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-9 (September 2015) . - p.949-957 Mots-clés : ADHD risk  markers  early identification  maternal precursors  emotional dysregulation  infant temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is theorized to have temperamental precursors early in life. These are difficult to identify because many core features of ADHD, such as breakdowns in executive function and self-control, involve psychological and neural systems that are too immature to reliably show dysfunction in early life. ADHD also involves emotional dysregulation, and these temperamental features appear earlier as well. Here, we report a first attempt to utilize indices of emotional regulation to identify ADHD-related liability in infancy. Methods Fifty women were recruited in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, with overselection for high parental ADHD symptoms. Measures of maternal body mass index, nutrition, substance use, stress, and mood were examined during pregnancy as potential confounds. Offspring were evaluated at 6 months of age using LABTAB procedures designed to elicit fear, anger, and regulatory behavior. Mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire about their child's temperament. Results After control for associated covariates, including maternal depression and prenatal stress, family history of ADHD was associated with measures of anger/irritability, including infant negative vocalizations during the arm restraint task (p = .004), and maternal ratings of infant distress to limitations (p = .036). In the regulation domain, familial ADHD was associated with less parent-oriented attention seeking during the still face procedure (p < .001), but this was not echoed in the maternal ratings of recovery from distress. Conclusions Affective response at 6 months of age may identify infants with familial history of ADHD, providing an early indicator of ADHD liability. These preliminary results provide a foundation for further studies and will be amplified by enlarging this cohort and following participants longitudinally to evaluate ADHD outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12426 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=267