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A continuous false belief task reveals egocentric biases in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Sander BEGEER in Autism, 16-4 (July 2012)
[article]
Titre : A continuous false belief task reveals egocentric biases in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sander BEGEER, Auteur ; Daniel M. BERNSTEIN, Auteur ; Jonas VAN WIJHE, Auteur ; Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; Hans M. KOOT, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.357-366 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorders Theory of Mind Asperger’s disorder Egocentrism Bias Cognition sociale Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study reports on a new false belief measure in a sample of 124 children and adolescents with or without high functioning autism (HFASD). In the classic paradigm, a participant predicts in which of two discrete locations a deceived protagonist will look for an object. In the current Sandbox task, the object is buried and reburied in a sandbox, thus creating a continuum between locations. Compared to typically developing individuals (n=62), those with HFASD (n=62) showed a larger egocentric bias on the Sandbox task. They failed to take the protagonist’s false belief into account, despite their adequate ability to infer advanced mental states. This indicates that sensitive measures can reveal subtle first order Theory of Mind impairments in HFASD individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361311434545 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178
in Autism > 16-4 (July 2012) . - p.357-366[article] A continuous false belief task reveals egocentric biases in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sander BEGEER, Auteur ; Daniel M. BERNSTEIN, Auteur ; Jonas VAN WIJHE, Auteur ; Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; Hans M. KOOT, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.357-366.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 16-4 (July 2012) . - p.357-366
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorders Theory of Mind Asperger’s disorder Egocentrism Bias Cognition sociale Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study reports on a new false belief measure in a sample of 124 children and adolescents with or without high functioning autism (HFASD). In the classic paradigm, a participant predicts in which of two discrete locations a deceived protagonist will look for an object. In the current Sandbox task, the object is buried and reburied in a sandbox, thus creating a continuum between locations. Compared to typically developing individuals (n=62), those with HFASD (n=62) showed a larger egocentric bias on the Sandbox task. They failed to take the protagonist’s false belief into account, despite their adequate ability to infer advanced mental states. This indicates that sensitive measures can reveal subtle first order Theory of Mind impairments in HFASD individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361311434545 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178 Egocentric biases and atypical generosity in autistic individuals / S. TEI in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)
[article]
Titre : Egocentric biases and atypical generosity in autistic individuals Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. TEI, Auteur ; J. FUJINO, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; Yuta AOKI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1598-1608 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders decision making egocentrism perspective taking social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) often experience difficulty and confusion in acknowledging others' perspectives and arguably exhibit egocentricity. However, whether this egocentricity necessarily results in selfish behavior during social situations remains a matter of debate. To study this relationship, we used computerized visuospatial perspective-taking task (VPT) and social-discounting task (SDT), derived from cognitive psychology and behavioral economics, and examined egocentric and other-oriented judgments in participants with ASCs (mean age 29.0 +/- 4.2 years) and a group of matched typically developing (TD) controls (30.8 +/- 8.5). The response time in VPT showed altered perspective-taking in the ASCs group compared with the TD group that involved in enhanced self-other intrusion and condition-insensitive response. Regardless of self/other perspective judgments, responses were relatively slower and consistent in duration in the ASCs group compared with the TD group. Social discounting was attenuated rather than steep discounting in the ASCs group. Their discounting was comparatively more consistent, irrespective of the task condition (i.e., self-other closeness-level). In effect, ASCs group exhibited more generous decisions than the TD group in this task. Finally, those with more egocentric perspective intrusion in VPT paradoxically showed more generous behaviors in SDT in the ASCs group. Our findings suggest that having ASCs does not always exhibit selfish behavior during interpersonal communication. Reduced flexibility in distinguishing self/other perspective and shifting decision-rules might account for this unique relationship between egocentricity and apparently generous behaviors. These results extend the recent suggestion that more careful attention should be paid to the idea of egocentricity in individuals with ASCs. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We aimed to examine whether seeing the world from another person's point of view and being generous toward other people are related in autistic and nonautistic people. We used a visual perspective-taking task and a social task in which individuals made decisions about how to divide a sum of money with others. Our results suggest that being autistic does not always make someone bad at seeing the world from another's viewpoint, and that autistic people may make fairer social decisions toward unfamiliar people because of lower bias. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2130 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411
in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1598-1608[article] Egocentric biases and atypical generosity in autistic individuals [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. TEI, Auteur ; J. FUJINO, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; Yuta AOKI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur . - p.1598-1608.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1598-1608
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders decision making egocentrism perspective taking social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) often experience difficulty and confusion in acknowledging others' perspectives and arguably exhibit egocentricity. However, whether this egocentricity necessarily results in selfish behavior during social situations remains a matter of debate. To study this relationship, we used computerized visuospatial perspective-taking task (VPT) and social-discounting task (SDT), derived from cognitive psychology and behavioral economics, and examined egocentric and other-oriented judgments in participants with ASCs (mean age 29.0 +/- 4.2 years) and a group of matched typically developing (TD) controls (30.8 +/- 8.5). The response time in VPT showed altered perspective-taking in the ASCs group compared with the TD group that involved in enhanced self-other intrusion and condition-insensitive response. Regardless of self/other perspective judgments, responses were relatively slower and consistent in duration in the ASCs group compared with the TD group. Social discounting was attenuated rather than steep discounting in the ASCs group. Their discounting was comparatively more consistent, irrespective of the task condition (i.e., self-other closeness-level). In effect, ASCs group exhibited more generous decisions than the TD group in this task. Finally, those with more egocentric perspective intrusion in VPT paradoxically showed more generous behaviors in SDT in the ASCs group. Our findings suggest that having ASCs does not always exhibit selfish behavior during interpersonal communication. Reduced flexibility in distinguishing self/other perspective and shifting decision-rules might account for this unique relationship between egocentricity and apparently generous behaviors. These results extend the recent suggestion that more careful attention should be paid to the idea of egocentricity in individuals with ASCs. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We aimed to examine whether seeing the world from another person's point of view and being generous toward other people are related in autistic and nonautistic people. We used a visual perspective-taking task and a social task in which individuals made decisions about how to divide a sum of money with others. Our results suggest that being autistic does not always make someone bad at seeing the world from another's viewpoint, and that autistic people may make fairer social decisions toward unfamiliar people because of lower bias. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2130 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411