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Working memory of school-aged children on the autism spectrum: Predictors for longitudinal growth / Sohyun An KIM in Autism, 27-8 (November 2023)
[article]
Titre : Working memory of school-aged children on the autism spectrum: Predictors for longitudinal growth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sohyun An KIM, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2422-2433 Mots-clés : approaches to learning autism longitudinal development socioeconomic status student-teacher relationship working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Working memory is an important component of executive functioning, an area of difficulty for many autistic children. However, executive functioning and working memory are highly malleable throughout childhood, and various student-level and environmental factors play important roles in their development. This study used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies-Kindergarten Class of 2011. Conditional latent growth models were constructed to identify possible predictors for autistic children?s working memory performance upon entering kindergarten and their relative growth throughout their elementary school years. Study results indicate that socioeconomic status and students' approaches to learning were positively associated with autistic children?s working memory performance upon school entry. Students' approaches to learning positively predicted their rate of growth during the first 3?years and negatively predicted their rate of growth during the last 3?years of elementary school. Student-teacher relationship was positively associated with the rate of growth during the last 3?years of their elementary school years. Furthermore, autistic students who started at a lower standing in working memory upon school entry were more likely to receive special education services during their elementary school years. Practical and policy implications as well as future directions are discussed.Lay abstractWorking memory is an important skill for school success, and it involves holding information in our memory while using it to solve complex problems at the same time. Autistic children often have difficulty with working memory. Because working memory development can be easily influenced by many factors from a young age, it is important to find factors that help with autistic children?s development. This study tested the factors that are related to autistic children?s working memory when they start kindergarten and the factors that can help with rapid improvement throughout their elementary school. We used a nationally representative data set that followed the same group of children from kindergarten to fifth grade. We found that autistic students from backgrounds with more resources and students with advanced learning approaches such as being organized, being excited to learn, and paying careful attention to their work, started school with strong working memory. Autistic students with advanced learning approaches continued to make rapid improvements during the first 3?years, and then their growth slowed down during the last 3?years. Autistic students who had a good relationship with their teachers made rapid improvements during the last 3?years of their elementary school. In addition, autistic children who struggled with working memory upon school entry were more likely to receive special education services at school. These findings suggest that we need effective ways to teach young autistic children important learning-related behaviors from a very young age through the school system, and teachers must prioritize building positive relationships with their students. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231165599 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513
in Autism > 27-8 (November 2023) . - p.2422-2433[article] Working memory of school-aged children on the autism spectrum: Predictors for longitudinal growth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sohyun An KIM, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur . - p.2422-2433.
in Autism > 27-8 (November 2023) . - p.2422-2433
Mots-clés : approaches to learning autism longitudinal development socioeconomic status student-teacher relationship working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Working memory is an important component of executive functioning, an area of difficulty for many autistic children. However, executive functioning and working memory are highly malleable throughout childhood, and various student-level and environmental factors play important roles in their development. This study used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies-Kindergarten Class of 2011. Conditional latent growth models were constructed to identify possible predictors for autistic children?s working memory performance upon entering kindergarten and their relative growth throughout their elementary school years. Study results indicate that socioeconomic status and students' approaches to learning were positively associated with autistic children?s working memory performance upon school entry. Students' approaches to learning positively predicted their rate of growth during the first 3?years and negatively predicted their rate of growth during the last 3?years of elementary school. Student-teacher relationship was positively associated with the rate of growth during the last 3?years of their elementary school years. Furthermore, autistic students who started at a lower standing in working memory upon school entry were more likely to receive special education services during their elementary school years. Practical and policy implications as well as future directions are discussed.Lay abstractWorking memory is an important skill for school success, and it involves holding information in our memory while using it to solve complex problems at the same time. Autistic children often have difficulty with working memory. Because working memory development can be easily influenced by many factors from a young age, it is important to find factors that help with autistic children?s development. This study tested the factors that are related to autistic children?s working memory when they start kindergarten and the factors that can help with rapid improvement throughout their elementary school. We used a nationally representative data set that followed the same group of children from kindergarten to fifth grade. We found that autistic students from backgrounds with more resources and students with advanced learning approaches such as being organized, being excited to learn, and paying careful attention to their work, started school with strong working memory. Autistic students with advanced learning approaches continued to make rapid improvements during the first 3?years, and then their growth slowed down during the last 3?years. Autistic students who had a good relationship with their teachers made rapid improvements during the last 3?years of their elementary school. In addition, autistic children who struggled with working memory upon school entry were more likely to receive special education services at school. These findings suggest that we need effective ways to teach young autistic children important learning-related behaviors from a very young age through the school system, and teachers must prioritize building positive relationships with their students. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231165599 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 “It just fits my needs better”: Autistic students and parents’ experiences of learning from home during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic / Melanie HEYWORTH in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 6 (January-December 2021)
[article]
Titre : “It just fits my needs better”: Autistic students and parents’ experiences of learning from home during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melanie HEYWORTH, Auteur ; Simon BRETT, Auteur ; Jacquiline DEN HOUTING, Auteur ; Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur ; Robyn STEWARD, Auteur ; Anna URBANOWICZ, Auteur ; Marc STEARS, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : 23969415211057681 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : education schools student-teacher relationship inclusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption to people's lives, especially for families, whose children have been taken out of schools during lockdown restrictions and required to learn from home. Little is known, however, about the perceived impact of the lockdown restrictions on the educational experiences of autistic children and young people – a group whose conventional schooling experiences are already often challenging. In this study, we sought to (1) understand these experiences from the perspectives of autistic young people and their parents, and (2) identify the underlying sources of positive experiences at this challenging time, in order to inform the ways in which autistic children might flourish at school in more normal times.MethodsNinety-one Australian participants, including 16 autistic young people aged 12–18 years, 32 autistic parents and 43 non-autistic parents of autistic young people aged 3–18 years, took part in semi-structured interviews about their experiences of life during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The interviews were subjected to reflexive, thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes for each research question.ResultsOverall, our participants initially found the transition to learning from home extremely challenging, with parents reporting that the support received from schools was far from adequate. After that initial period of transition, however, many autistic children reported flourishing at home both educationally and personally. For these children and families, we identified three key ingredients essential to this flourishing, including: (i) the importance of connected, trusting relationships (‘people’); (ii) the sensory and social safety of home (‘place’); and (iii) the flexibility to pace and structure learning to suit the individual child (‘time’).ConclusionsWhile the initial COVID-19 lockdown presented many challenges to children learning at home, there were aspects of this otherwise-unsettling situation that enabled children to thrive and from which we can learn for the future.ImplicationsThese findings have important implications for understanding how and when autistic children might thrive in institutional educational settings once the pandemic subsides, focusing on the relationships between teachers and students, the nature of the physical learning environment and the need for greater flexibility in planning the school day. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415211057681 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459
in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 6 (January-December 2021) . - 23969415211057681[article] “It just fits my needs better”: Autistic students and parents’ experiences of learning from home during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melanie HEYWORTH, Auteur ; Simon BRETT, Auteur ; Jacquiline DEN HOUTING, Auteur ; Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur ; Robyn STEWARD, Auteur ; Anna URBANOWICZ, Auteur ; Marc STEARS, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - 23969415211057681.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 6 (January-December 2021) . - 23969415211057681
Mots-clés : education schools student-teacher relationship inclusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption to people's lives, especially for families, whose children have been taken out of schools during lockdown restrictions and required to learn from home. Little is known, however, about the perceived impact of the lockdown restrictions on the educational experiences of autistic children and young people – a group whose conventional schooling experiences are already often challenging. In this study, we sought to (1) understand these experiences from the perspectives of autistic young people and their parents, and (2) identify the underlying sources of positive experiences at this challenging time, in order to inform the ways in which autistic children might flourish at school in more normal times.MethodsNinety-one Australian participants, including 16 autistic young people aged 12–18 years, 32 autistic parents and 43 non-autistic parents of autistic young people aged 3–18 years, took part in semi-structured interviews about their experiences of life during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The interviews were subjected to reflexive, thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes for each research question.ResultsOverall, our participants initially found the transition to learning from home extremely challenging, with parents reporting that the support received from schools was far from adequate. After that initial period of transition, however, many autistic children reported flourishing at home both educationally and personally. For these children and families, we identified three key ingredients essential to this flourishing, including: (i) the importance of connected, trusting relationships (‘people’); (ii) the sensory and social safety of home (‘place’); and (iii) the flexibility to pace and structure learning to suit the individual child (‘time’).ConclusionsWhile the initial COVID-19 lockdown presented many challenges to children learning at home, there were aspects of this otherwise-unsettling situation that enabled children to thrive and from which we can learn for the future.ImplicationsThese findings have important implications for understanding how and when autistic children might thrive in institutional educational settings once the pandemic subsides, focusing on the relationships between teachers and students, the nature of the physical learning environment and the need for greater flexibility in planning the school day. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415211057681 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459