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Auteur Geoffrey BIRD |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (23)
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Intact Automatic Imitation and Typical Spatial Compatibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging the Broken Mirror Theory / Sophie SOWDEN in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)
[article]
Titre : Intact Automatic Imitation and Typical Spatial Compatibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging the Broken Mirror Theory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Svenja KOEHNE, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.292-300 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism imitation mirror neurons broken mirror theory individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A lack of imitative behavior is frequently described as a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and is consistent with claims of mirror neuron system dysfunction in these individuals. Previous research has questioned this characterization of ASD however, arguing that when tests of automatic imitation are used—which do not require higher-level cognitive processing—imitative behavior is intact or even enhanced in individuals with ASD. In Experiment 1, 60 adult individuals with ASD and a matched Control group completed an automatic imitation task in which they were required to perform an index or a middle finger lift while observing a hand making either the same, or the alternate, finger movement. Both groups demonstrated a significant imitation effect whereby actions were executed faster when preceded by observation of the same action, than when preceded by the alternate action. The magnitude of this “imitation effect” was statistically indistinguishable in the ASD and Control groups. Experiment 2 utilized an improved automatic imitation paradigm to demonstrate that, when automatic imitation effects are isolated from those due to spatial compatibility, increasing autism symptom severity is associated with an increased tendency to imitate. Notably, there was no association between autism symptom severity and spatial compatibility, demonstrating the specificity of the link between ASD symptoms and increased imitation. These results provide evidence against claims of a lack of imitative behavior in ASD, and challenge the “Broken Mirror Theory of Autism.” En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282
in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.292-300[article] Intact Automatic Imitation and Typical Spatial Compatibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging the Broken Mirror Theory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Svenja KOEHNE, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - p.292-300.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.292-300
Mots-clés : autism imitation mirror neurons broken mirror theory individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A lack of imitative behavior is frequently described as a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and is consistent with claims of mirror neuron system dysfunction in these individuals. Previous research has questioned this characterization of ASD however, arguing that when tests of automatic imitation are used—which do not require higher-level cognitive processing—imitative behavior is intact or even enhanced in individuals with ASD. In Experiment 1, 60 adult individuals with ASD and a matched Control group completed an automatic imitation task in which they were required to perform an index or a middle finger lift while observing a hand making either the same, or the alternate, finger movement. Both groups demonstrated a significant imitation effect whereby actions were executed faster when preceded by observation of the same action, than when preceded by the alternate action. The magnitude of this “imitation effect” was statistically indistinguishable in the ASD and Control groups. Experiment 2 utilized an improved automatic imitation paradigm to demonstrate that, when automatic imitation effects are isolated from those due to spatial compatibility, increasing autism symptom severity is associated with an increased tendency to imitate. Notably, there was no association between autism symptom severity and spatial compatibility, demonstrating the specificity of the link between ASD symptoms and increased imitation. These results provide evidence against claims of a lack of imitative behavior in ASD, and challenge the “Broken Mirror Theory of Autism.” En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282
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Titre : Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard COOK, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.481-490 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism adaptation aftereffects facial identity facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptation paradigms seek to bias subsequently viewed stimuli through prolonged exposure to an adapting stimulus, thereby giving rise to an aftereffect. Recent experiments have found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show reduced facial aftereffects, prompting some researchers to speculate that all individuals with ASD exhibit deficient facial adaptation. However, caution is required when generalizing findings from samples of children with ASD to the wider ASD population. The reduced facial aftereffects seen in child samples may instead reflect delayed or atypical developmental trajectories, whereby individuals with ASD are slower to develop adaptive mechanisms. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to determine whether high-functioning adults with ASD also show diminished aftereffects for facial identity and expression. In Experiment 1, using a procedure that minimized the contribution of low-level retinotopic adaptation, we observed substantial aftereffects comparable to those seen in matched controls, for both facial identity and expression. A similar pattern of results was seen in Experiment 2 using a revised procedure that increased the contribution of retinotopic adaptation to the facial aftereffects observed. That adults with autism can show robust facial aftereffects raises the possibility that group differences are seen only at particular points during development, and may not be a lifelong feature of the condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238
in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.481-490[article] Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard COOK, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.481-490.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.481-490
Mots-clés : autism adaptation aftereffects facial identity facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptation paradigms seek to bias subsequently viewed stimuli through prolonged exposure to an adapting stimulus, thereby giving rise to an aftereffect. Recent experiments have found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show reduced facial aftereffects, prompting some researchers to speculate that all individuals with ASD exhibit deficient facial adaptation. However, caution is required when generalizing findings from samples of children with ASD to the wider ASD population. The reduced facial aftereffects seen in child samples may instead reflect delayed or atypical developmental trajectories, whereby individuals with ASD are slower to develop adaptive mechanisms. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to determine whether high-functioning adults with ASD also show diminished aftereffects for facial identity and expression. In Experiment 1, using a procedure that minimized the contribution of low-level retinotopic adaptation, we observed substantial aftereffects comparable to those seen in matched controls, for both facial identity and expression. A similar pattern of results was seen in Experiment 2 using a revised procedure that increased the contribution of retinotopic adaptation to the facial aftereffects observed. That adults with autism can show robust facial aftereffects raises the possibility that group differences are seen only at particular points during development, and may not be a lifelong feature of the condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 Non-autistic adults can recognize posed autistic facial expressions: Implications for internal representations of emotion / Andrew J. LAMPI in Autism Research, 16-7 (July 2023)
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Titre : Non-autistic adults can recognize posed autistic facial expressions: Implications for internal representations of emotion Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrew J. LAMPI, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Vikram K. JASWAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1321-1334 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic people report that their emotional expressions are sometimes misunderstood by non-autistic people. One explanation for these misunderstandings could be that the two neurotypes have different internal representations of emotion: Perhaps they have different expectations about what a facial expression showing a particular emotion looks like. In three well-powered studies with non-autistic college students in the United States (total N=632), we investigated this possibility. In Study 1, participants recognized most facial expressions posed by autistic individuals more accurately than those posed by non-autistic individuals. Study 2 showed that one reason the autistic expressions were recognized more accurately was because they were better and more intense examples of the intended expressions than the non-autistic expressions. In Study 3, we used a set of expressions created by autistic and non-autistic individuals who could see their faces as they made the expressions, which could allow them to explicitly match the expression they produced with their internal representation of that emotional expression. Here, neither autistic expressions nor non-autistic expressions were consistently recognized more accurately. In short, these findings suggest that differences in internal representations of what emotional expressions look like are unlikely to play a major role in explaining why non-autistic people sometimes misunderstand the emotions autistic people are experiencing. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2938 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510
in Autism Research > 16-7 (July 2023) . - p.1321-1334[article] Non-autistic adults can recognize posed autistic facial expressions: Implications for internal representations of emotion [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrew J. LAMPI, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Vikram K. JASWAL, Auteur . - p.1321-1334.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 16-7 (July 2023) . - p.1321-1334
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic people report that their emotional expressions are sometimes misunderstood by non-autistic people. One explanation for these misunderstandings could be that the two neurotypes have different internal representations of emotion: Perhaps they have different expectations about what a facial expression showing a particular emotion looks like. In three well-powered studies with non-autistic college students in the United States (total N=632), we investigated this possibility. In Study 1, participants recognized most facial expressions posed by autistic individuals more accurately than those posed by non-autistic individuals. Study 2 showed that one reason the autistic expressions were recognized more accurately was because they were better and more intense examples of the intended expressions than the non-autistic expressions. In Study 3, we used a set of expressions created by autistic and non-autistic individuals who could see their faces as they made the expressions, which could allow them to explicitly match the expression they produced with their internal representation of that emotional expression. Here, neither autistic expressions nor non-autistic expressions were consistently recognized more accurately. In short, these findings suggest that differences in internal representations of what emotional expressions look like are unlikely to play a major role in explaining why non-autistic people sometimes misunderstand the emotions autistic people are experiencing. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2938 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510 Reputation Management: Evidence for Ability But Reduced Propensity in Autism / Eilidh CAGE in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)
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Titre : Reputation Management: Evidence for Ability But Reduced Propensity in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.433-442 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : reputation management theory of mind reward reciprocity autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has reported that autistic adults do not manage their reputation, purportedly due to problems with theory of mind [Izuma, Matsumoto, Camerer, Adolphs]. The current study aimed to test alternative explanations for this apparent lack of reputation management. Twenty typical and 19 autistic adults donated to charity and to a person, both when alone and when observed. In an additional manipulation, for half of the participants, the observer was also the recipient of their donations, and participants were told that this observer would subsequently have the opportunity to donate to them (motivation condition). This manipulation was designed to encourage an expectation of a reciprocal “tit-for-tat” strategy in the participant, which may motivate participants to change their behavior to receive more donations. The remaining participants were told that the person watching was just observing the procedure (no motivation condition). Our results replicated Izuma et?al.'s finding that autistic adults did not donate more to charity when observed. Yet, in the motivation condition, both typical and autistic adults donated significantly more to the observer when watched, although this effect was significantly attenuated in autistic individuals. Results indicate that, while individuals with autism may have the ability to think about reputation, a reduced expectation of reciprocal behavior from others may reduce the degree to which they engage in reputation management. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218
in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.433-442[article] Reputation Management: Evidence for Ability But Reduced Propensity in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - p.433-442.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.433-442
Mots-clés : reputation management theory of mind reward reciprocity autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research has reported that autistic adults do not manage their reputation, purportedly due to problems with theory of mind [Izuma, Matsumoto, Camerer, Adolphs]. The current study aimed to test alternative explanations for this apparent lack of reputation management. Twenty typical and 19 autistic adults donated to charity and to a person, both when alone and when observed. In an additional manipulation, for half of the participants, the observer was also the recipient of their donations, and participants were told that this observer would subsequently have the opportunity to donate to them (motivation condition). This manipulation was designed to encourage an expectation of a reciprocal “tit-for-tat” strategy in the participant, which may motivate participants to change their behavior to receive more donations. The remaining participants were told that the person watching was just observing the procedure (no motivation condition). Our results replicated Izuma et?al.'s finding that autistic adults did not donate more to charity when observed. Yet, in the motivation condition, both typical and autistic adults donated significantly more to the observer when watched, although this effect was significantly attenuated in autistic individuals. Results indicate that, while individuals with autism may have the ability to think about reputation, a reduced expectation of reciprocal behavior from others may reduce the degree to which they engage in reputation management. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 Reputation Management in Children on the Autism Spectrum / Eilidh CAGE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-12 (December 2016)
[article]
Titre : Reputation Management in Children on the Autism Spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3798-3811 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Reputation management Theory of mind Social motivation Inhibitory control Reciprocity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Being able to manage reputation is an important social skill, but it is unclear whether autistic children can manage reputation. This study investigated whether 33 autistic children matched to 33 typical children could implicitly or explicitly manage reputation. Further, we examined whether cognitive processes—theory of mind, social motivation, inhibitory control and reciprocity—contribute to reputation management. Results showed that neither group implicitly managed reputation, and there was no group difference in explicit reputation management. Results suggested different mechanisms contribute to reputation management in these groups—social motivation in typical children and reciprocity in autistic children. Explicit reputation management is achievable for autistic children, and there are individual differences in its relationship to underlying cognitive processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2923-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-12 (December 2016) . - p.3798-3811[article] Reputation Management in Children on the Autism Spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - p.3798-3811.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-12 (December 2016) . - p.3798-3811
Mots-clés : Autism Reputation management Theory of mind Social motivation Inhibitory control Reciprocity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Being able to manage reputation is an important social skill, but it is unclear whether autistic children can manage reputation. This study investigated whether 33 autistic children matched to 33 typical children could implicitly or explicitly manage reputation. Further, we examined whether cognitive processes—theory of mind, social motivation, inhibitory control and reciprocity—contribute to reputation management. Results showed that neither group implicitly managed reputation, and there was no group difference in explicit reputation management. Results suggested different mechanisms contribute to reputation management in these groups—social motivation in typical children and reciprocity in autistic children. Explicit reputation management is achievable for autistic children, and there are individual differences in its relationship to underlying cognitive processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2923-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297 Self-processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder / A. D. NIJHOF in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)
PermalinkThe psychophysiological mechanisms of alexithymia in autism spectrum disorder / Sebastian B GAIGG in Autism, 22-2 (February 2018)
PermalinkThe Role of Alexithymia in Reduced Eye-Fixation in Autism Spectrum Conditions / Geoffrey BIRD in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-11 (November 2011)
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