Dépouillements

Prepotent Response Inhibition and Interference Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Two Meta-Analyses / Hilde M. GEURTS in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.407-420 Titre : Prepotent Response Inhibition and Interference Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Two Meta-Analyses Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur ; Sanne F. W. M. VAN DEN BERGH, Auteur ; Laura RUZZANO, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.407-420 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  autism  inhibition  interference  cognitive control  meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a substantial amount of data providing evidence for, but also against the hypothesis that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encounter inhibitory control deficits. ASD is often associated with interference control deficits rather than prepotent response inhibition. Moreover, the developmental trajectory for these inhibitory control processes is hypothesized to differ in ASD as compared to typical development. In efforts to gain a more comprehensive perspective of inhibition in ASD, separate quantitative analysis for prepotent response inhibition studies and interference control studies were conducted. Together, these two meta-analyses included 41 studies with a combined sample size of 1,091 people with ASD (M age 14.8 years), and 1,306 typically developing (TD) controls (M age 13.8 years).The meta-analyses indicated that individuals with ASD show increased difficulties in prepotent response inhibition (effect size 0.55) and in interference control (effect size 0.31). In addition, age was a relevant moderator for prepotent response inhibition but not for interference control. Exploratory analyses revealed that when IQ was taken into account, heterogeneity considerably decreased among interference control studies but not among prepotent response inhibition. In contrast to the general belief, both prepotent response inhibition and interference control problems were observed in individuals with ASD. However, a large variation between studies was also found. Therefore, there remain factors beyond inhibition type, age, or IQ that significantly influence inhibitory control performance among individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1369 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Prepotent Response Inhibition and Interference Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Two Meta-Analyses [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur ; Sanne F. W. M. VAN DEN BERGH, Auteur ; Laura RUZZANO, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.407-420. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.407-420 Mots-clés : ASD  autism  inhibition  interference  cognitive control  meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a substantial amount of data providing evidence for, but also against the hypothesis that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encounter inhibitory control deficits. ASD is often associated with interference control deficits rather than prepotent response inhibition. Moreover, the developmental trajectory for these inhibitory control processes is hypothesized to differ in ASD as compared to typical development. In efforts to gain a more comprehensive perspective of inhibition in ASD, separate quantitative analysis for prepotent response inhibition studies and interference control studies were conducted. Together, these two meta-analyses included 41 studies with a combined sample size of 1,091 people with ASD (M age 14.8 years), and 1,306 typically developing (TD) controls (M age 13.8 years).The meta-analyses indicated that individuals with ASD show increased difficulties in prepotent response inhibition (effect size 0.55) and in interference control (effect size 0.31). In addition, age was a relevant moderator for prepotent response inhibition but not for interference control. Exploratory analyses revealed that when IQ was taken into account, heterogeneity considerably decreased among interference control studies but not among prepotent response inhibition. In contrast to the general belief, both prepotent response inhibition and interference control problems were observed in individuals with ASD. However, a large variation between studies was also found. Therefore, there remain factors beyond inhibition type, age, or IQ that significantly influence inhibitory control performance among individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1369 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

What and Why Understanding in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams Syndrome: Similarities and Differences / Laura SPARACI in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.421-432 Titre : What and Why Understanding in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams Syndrome: Similarities and Differences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura SPARACI, Auteur ; Silvia STEFANINI, Auteur ; Lidia D'ELIA, Auteur ; Stefano VICARI, Auteur ; Giacomo RIZZOLATTI, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.421-432 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  Williams syndrome  social cognition  motor skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with Williams syndrome (WS) show divergent social phenotypes, but also several similarities in their socio-cognitive deficits. Cross-syndrome direct comparisons could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms that determine deficits in social cognition in the two syndromes. A fundamental factor for social cognition is the ability to understand and predict others' actions (e.g. what action is being done and why it is being done when observing a goal-related act). Here we compared the understanding of others' actions in children with ASD, WS and in children with typical development. Comprehension of what motor act was being done and of why it was being done was assessed with or without contextual cueing using a computer-based task. The results showed that what understanding was impaired in the WS group, but not in the ASD group, which showed mental-age appropriate performance. Why understanding was impaired in both experimental groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1370 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] What and Why Understanding in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams Syndrome: Similarities and Differences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura SPARACI, Auteur ; Silvia STEFANINI, Auteur ; Lidia D'ELIA, Auteur ; Stefano VICARI, Auteur ; Giacomo RIZZOLATTI, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.421-432. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.421-432 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  Williams syndrome  social cognition  motor skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with Williams syndrome (WS) show divergent social phenotypes, but also several similarities in their socio-cognitive deficits. Cross-syndrome direct comparisons could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms that determine deficits in social cognition in the two syndromes. A fundamental factor for social cognition is the ability to understand and predict others' actions (e.g. what action is being done and why it is being done when observing a goal-related act). Here we compared the understanding of others' actions in children with ASD, WS and in children with typical development. Comprehension of what motor act was being done and of why it was being done was assessed with or without contextual cueing using a computer-based task. The results showed that what understanding was impaired in the WS group, but not in the ASD group, which showed mental-age appropriate performance. Why understanding was impaired in both experimental groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1370 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Autism Characteristics and Behavioural Disturbances in ??500 Children with Down's Syndrome in England and Wales / Georgina WARNER in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.433-441 Titre : Autism Characteristics and Behavioural Disturbances in ??500 Children with Down's Syndrome in England and Wales Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Georgina WARNER, Auteur ; Joanna MOSS, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.433-441 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  Down's syndrome  social communication questionnaire  strengths and difficulties questionnaire Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent research shows that a significant minority of children with Down's syndrome (DS) also meet diagnostic criteria for an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study investigated what proportion of children aged 6–15 years with a confirmed diagnosis of DS in England and Wales display autistic-type behaviours, and explored the characteristics of this group of children. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was used to screen for autism characteristics and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to explore behavioural difficulties. The proportion of children who met the cut-off score for ASD on the SCQ (total score ??15) was 37.7% (95% CI: 33.4–42.0%); for autism (total score ??22) the proportion was 16.5% (95% CI: 13.2–19.8%). Children who met the cut-off for ASD were significantly more likely to be reported as having emotional symptoms, conduct problems and hyperactivity on the SDQ than children who scored well below cut-off (total score ?10). However, the profile of their autism characteristics on the SCQ was atypical compared with individuals with idiopathic ASD. The pervasiveness of ASD in children with DS in England and Wales is substantially higher than in the general population. These children also experience significantly greater behavioural problems than children with DS only. Early detection of autism characteristics is important for appropriate intervention. However, the unusual profile of autism characteristics in this group may affect the recognition of the disorder and hinder the implementation of appropriate interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1371 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Autism Characteristics and Behavioural Disturbances in ??500 Children with Down's Syndrome in England and Wales [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Georgina WARNER, Auteur ; Joanna MOSS, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.433-441. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.433-441 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  Down's syndrome  social communication questionnaire  strengths and difficulties questionnaire Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent research shows that a significant minority of children with Down's syndrome (DS) also meet diagnostic criteria for an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study investigated what proportion of children aged 6–15 years with a confirmed diagnosis of DS in England and Wales display autistic-type behaviours, and explored the characteristics of this group of children. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was used to screen for autism characteristics and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to explore behavioural difficulties. The proportion of children who met the cut-off score for ASD on the SCQ (total score ??15) was 37.7% (95% CI: 33.4–42.0%); for autism (total score ??22) the proportion was 16.5% (95% CI: 13.2–19.8%). Children who met the cut-off for ASD were significantly more likely to be reported as having emotional symptoms, conduct problems and hyperactivity on the SDQ than children who scored well below cut-off (total score ?10). However, the profile of their autism characteristics on the SCQ was atypical compared with individuals with idiopathic ASD. The pervasiveness of ASD in children with DS in England and Wales is substantially higher than in the general population. These children also experience significantly greater behavioural problems than children with DS only. Early detection of autism characteristics is important for appropriate intervention. However, the unusual profile of autism characteristics in this group may affect the recognition of the disorder and hinder the implementation of appropriate interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1371 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Susceptibility to Distraction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Probing the Integrity of Oscillatory Alpha-Band Suppression Mechanisms / Jeremy W. MURPHY in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.442-458 Titre : Susceptibility to Distraction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Probing the Integrity of Oscillatory Alpha-Band Suppression Mechanisms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeremy W. MURPHY, Auteur ; John J. FOXE, Auteur ; Joanna B. PETERS, Auteur ; Sophie MOLHOLM, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.442-458 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  EEG  oscillations  attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : When attention is directed to one information stream over another, the brain can be configured in advance to selectively process the relevant stream and suppress potentially distracting inputs. One key mechanism of suppression is through the deployment of anticipatory alpha-band (?10?Hz) oscillatory activity, with greater alpha-band power observed in cortical regions that will ultimately process the distracting stream. Atypical attention has been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including greater interference by distracting task-irrelevant inputs. Here we tested the integrity of these alpha-band mechanisms in ASD using an intersensory attention task. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while participants were cued on a trial-by-trial basis to selectively deploy attention to the visual or auditory modality in anticipation of a target within the cued modality. Whereas typically developing (TD) children showed the predicted alpha-band modulation, with increased alpha-band power over parieto-occipital scalp when attention was deployed to the auditory compared with the visual modality, this differential pattern was entirely absent at the group level in the ASD cohort. Further, only the ASD group showed impaired performance due to the presence of task-irrelevant sensory information. These data suggest that impaired modulation of alpha-band activity plays a role in increased distraction from extraneous sensory inputs in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1374 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Susceptibility to Distraction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Probing the Integrity of Oscillatory Alpha-Band Suppression Mechanisms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeremy W. MURPHY, Auteur ; John J. FOXE, Auteur ; Joanna B. PETERS, Auteur ; Sophie MOLHOLM, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.442-458. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.442-458 Mots-clés : autism  EEG  oscillations  attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : When attention is directed to one information stream over another, the brain can be configured in advance to selectively process the relevant stream and suppress potentially distracting inputs. One key mechanism of suppression is through the deployment of anticipatory alpha-band (?10?Hz) oscillatory activity, with greater alpha-band power observed in cortical regions that will ultimately process the distracting stream. Atypical attention has been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including greater interference by distracting task-irrelevant inputs. Here we tested the integrity of these alpha-band mechanisms in ASD using an intersensory attention task. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while participants were cued on a trial-by-trial basis to selectively deploy attention to the visual or auditory modality in anticipation of a target within the cued modality. Whereas typically developing (TD) children showed the predicted alpha-band modulation, with increased alpha-band power over parieto-occipital scalp when attention was deployed to the auditory compared with the visual modality, this differential pattern was entirely absent at the group level in the ASD cohort. Further, only the ASD group showed impaired performance due to the presence of task-irrelevant sensory information. These data suggest that impaired modulation of alpha-band activity plays a role in increased distraction from extraneous sensory inputs in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1374 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Family-Based Clinical Associations and Functional Characterization of the Serotonin 2A Receptor Gene (HTR2A) in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Ryan M. SMITH in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.459-467 Titre : Family-Based Clinical Associations and Functional Characterization of the Serotonin 2A Receptor Gene (HTR2A) in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ryan M. SMITH, Auteur ; Wesley BANKS, Auteur ; Emily HANSEN, Auteur ; Wolfgang SADEE, Auteur ; Gail E. HERMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.459-467 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  serotonin  gene expression  HTR2A  rs6311  monoamine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The serotonin 2A receptor gene (HTR2A) harbors two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are frequent in populations of African and European descent; rs6311, which affects mRNA expression, and rs6314, which changes the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein and affects the signaling properties of the receptor. Multiple clinical associations support a role for these SNPs in cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes, although studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain equivocal. Here, we tested transmission disequilibrium of rs6311 and rs6314 in a cohort of 158 ASD trios (simplex and multiplex), observing significant under-transmission of the minor “A” allele of rs6311 to offspring with ASD (permuted P?=?0.0004). Consistent with our previous findings in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of unaffected individuals, rs6311/A decreases expression of HTR2A mRNA with an extended 5? untranslated region (UTR) in the frontopolar cortex in brain samples from 54 ASD patients and controls. Interpreting the clinical results in the context of our mRNA expression analysis, we speculate that any risk associated with rs6311 is conferred by greater expression of the long 5?UTR mRNA isoform. The current study corroborates earlier associations between rs6311 and ASD in a family study, supporting the hypothesis that rs6311 plays a modulatory role in ASD risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1383 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Family-Based Clinical Associations and Functional Characterization of the Serotonin 2A Receptor Gene (HTR2A) in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ryan M. SMITH, Auteur ; Wesley BANKS, Auteur ; Emily HANSEN, Auteur ; Wolfgang SADEE, Auteur ; Gail E. HERMAN, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.459-467. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.459-467 Mots-clés : autism  serotonin  gene expression  HTR2A  rs6311  monoamine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The serotonin 2A receptor gene (HTR2A) harbors two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are frequent in populations of African and European descent; rs6311, which affects mRNA expression, and rs6314, which changes the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein and affects the signaling properties of the receptor. Multiple clinical associations support a role for these SNPs in cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes, although studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain equivocal. Here, we tested transmission disequilibrium of rs6311 and rs6314 in a cohort of 158 ASD trios (simplex and multiplex), observing significant under-transmission of the minor “A” allele of rs6311 to offspring with ASD (permuted P?=?0.0004). Consistent with our previous findings in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of unaffected individuals, rs6311/A decreases expression of HTR2A mRNA with an extended 5? untranslated region (UTR) in the frontopolar cortex in brain samples from 54 ASD patients and controls. Interpreting the clinical results in the context of our mRNA expression analysis, we speculate that any risk associated with rs6311 is conferred by greater expression of the long 5?UTR mRNA isoform. The current study corroborates earlier associations between rs6311 and ASD in a family study, supporting the hypothesis that rs6311 plays a modulatory role in ASD risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1383 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Electrodermal and Behavioral Responses of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders to Sensory and Repetitive Stimuli / Carolyn MCCORMICK in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.468-480 Titre : Electrodermal and Behavioral Responses of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders to Sensory and Repetitive Stimuli Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carolyn MCCORMICK, Auteur ; David HESSL, Auteur ; Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur ; Cherie C. GREEN, Auteur ; Sally J ROGERS, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.468-480 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  psychophysiology  sensory  repetitive behaviors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parents frequently report that their children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) respond atypically to sensory stimuli. Repetitive behaviors are also part of the ASD behavioral profile. Abnormal physiological arousal may underlie both of these symptoms. Electrodermal activity (EDA) is an index of sympathetic nervous system arousal. The goals of this study were twofold: (1) to pilot methods for collecting EDA data in young children and (2) to examine hypothesized relationships among EDA, and sensory symptoms and repetitive behaviors in children with ASD as compared with children with typical development. EDA was recorded on 54 young children with ASD and on 33 children with typical development (TD) during a protocol that included baseline, exposure to sensory and repetitive stimuli, and play. Parents completed standardized questionnaires regarding their child's sensory symptoms and repetitive behaviors. Frequency and type of repetitive behavior during play was coded offline. Comparisons between EDA data for ASD and TD groups indicated no significant between-group differences in any measures. Parents of children with ASD reported more abnormal responses to sensory stimuli and more repetitive behaviors, but scores on these measures were not significantly correlated with EDA or with frequency of observed repetitive behaviors. Parent report of frequency and severity of sensory symptoms was significantly correlated with reports of repetitive behaviors in both groups. Although parents of children with ASD report high levels of sensory symptoms and repetitive behaviors, these differences are not related to measured EDA arousal or reactivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1382 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Electrodermal and Behavioral Responses of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders to Sensory and Repetitive Stimuli [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carolyn MCCORMICK, Auteur ; David HESSL, Auteur ; Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur ; Cherie C. GREEN, Auteur ; Sally J ROGERS, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.468-480. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.468-480 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  psychophysiology  sensory  repetitive behaviors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parents frequently report that their children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) respond atypically to sensory stimuli. Repetitive behaviors are also part of the ASD behavioral profile. Abnormal physiological arousal may underlie both of these symptoms. Electrodermal activity (EDA) is an index of sympathetic nervous system arousal. The goals of this study were twofold: (1) to pilot methods for collecting EDA data in young children and (2) to examine hypothesized relationships among EDA, and sensory symptoms and repetitive behaviors in children with ASD as compared with children with typical development. EDA was recorded on 54 young children with ASD and on 33 children with typical development (TD) during a protocol that included baseline, exposure to sensory and repetitive stimuli, and play. Parents completed standardized questionnaires regarding their child's sensory symptoms and repetitive behaviors. Frequency and type of repetitive behavior during play was coded offline. Comparisons between EDA data for ASD and TD groups indicated no significant between-group differences in any measures. Parents of children with ASD reported more abnormal responses to sensory stimuli and more repetitive behaviors, but scores on these measures were not significantly correlated with EDA or with frequency of observed repetitive behaviors. Parent report of frequency and severity of sensory symptoms was significantly correlated with reports of repetitive behaviors in both groups. Although parents of children with ASD report high levels of sensory symptoms and repetitive behaviors, these differences are not related to measured EDA arousal or reactivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1382 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults / Richard COOK in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.481-490 Titre : Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard COOK, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.481-490 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  adaptation  aftereffects  facial identity  facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptation paradigms seek to bias subsequently viewed stimuli through prolonged exposure to an adapting stimulus, thereby giving rise to an aftereffect. Recent experiments have found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show reduced facial aftereffects, prompting some researchers to speculate that all individuals with ASD exhibit deficient facial adaptation. However, caution is required when generalizing findings from samples of children with ASD to the wider ASD population. The reduced facial aftereffects seen in child samples may instead reflect delayed or atypical developmental trajectories, whereby individuals with ASD are slower to develop adaptive mechanisms. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to determine whether high-functioning adults with ASD also show diminished aftereffects for facial identity and expression. In Experiment 1, using a procedure that minimized the contribution of low-level retinotopic adaptation, we observed substantial aftereffects comparable to those seen in matched controls, for both facial identity and expression. A similar pattern of results was seen in Experiment 2 using a revised procedure that increased the contribution of retinotopic adaptation to the facial aftereffects observed. That adults with autism can show robust facial aftereffects raises the possibility that group differences are seen only at particular points during development, and may not be a lifelong feature of the condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard COOK, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.481-490. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.481-490 Mots-clés : autism  adaptation  aftereffects  facial identity  facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptation paradigms seek to bias subsequently viewed stimuli through prolonged exposure to an adapting stimulus, thereby giving rise to an aftereffect. Recent experiments have found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show reduced facial aftereffects, prompting some researchers to speculate that all individuals with ASD exhibit deficient facial adaptation. However, caution is required when generalizing findings from samples of children with ASD to the wider ASD population. The reduced facial aftereffects seen in child samples may instead reflect delayed or atypical developmental trajectories, whereby individuals with ASD are slower to develop adaptive mechanisms. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to determine whether high-functioning adults with ASD also show diminished aftereffects for facial identity and expression. In Experiment 1, using a procedure that minimized the contribution of low-level retinotopic adaptation, we observed substantial aftereffects comparable to those seen in matched controls, for both facial identity and expression. A similar pattern of results was seen in Experiment 2 using a revised procedure that increased the contribution of retinotopic adaptation to the facial aftereffects observed. That adults with autism can show robust facial aftereffects raises the possibility that group differences are seen only at particular points during development, and may not be a lifelong feature of the condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design / Ingeborg HAUTH in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.491-500 Titre : Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ingeborg HAUTH, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Wouter STAAL, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.491-500 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  extreme male brain theory  testosterone  2D:4D  finger length  siblings  parents  empathizing  systemizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be an extreme manifestation of some male-typical traits in both neuroanatomy and cognition. Using the ratio of the second to fourth digit (2D:4D) and digit length as biomarkers of (pre- and postnatal) testosterone levels, examined was whether hypermasculinized digit ratios and/or lengths were familial traits in ASD and investigated their relation to sexually dimorphic cognitive abilities. 2D:4D ratios and digit lengths of 216 children with ASD, 202 unaffected siblings, and 360 parents were compared with those of 174 control children and their 146 parents. Generalized Estimation Equations, Generalized Linear Models, and Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate parent–offspring relationships and group differences. In ASD probands and their relatives alike, digit length relative to overall height was significantly increased in comparison to controls. No significant group differences were found between affected and unaffected subjects, or between males and females. Additionally, 2D:4D ratios increased with age. No (consistent) associations were found between 2D:4D ratio or digit lengths and systemizing and empathizing skills. The findings emphasize the role of familially based elevated pre- and postnatal testosterone levels in the liability for ASD, but challenge the use of 2D:4D ratio as a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure solely. Given that many genes influence digit length, the exact mechanisms underlying a familial predisposition toward increased digit length in ASD are as yet unknown and needs to be explored in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1384 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ingeborg HAUTH, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Wouter STAAL, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.491-500. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.491-500 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  extreme male brain theory  testosterone  2D:4D  finger length  siblings  parents  empathizing  systemizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be an extreme manifestation of some male-typical traits in both neuroanatomy and cognition. Using the ratio of the second to fourth digit (2D:4D) and digit length as biomarkers of (pre- and postnatal) testosterone levels, examined was whether hypermasculinized digit ratios and/or lengths were familial traits in ASD and investigated their relation to sexually dimorphic cognitive abilities. 2D:4D ratios and digit lengths of 216 children with ASD, 202 unaffected siblings, and 360 parents were compared with those of 174 control children and their 146 parents. Generalized Estimation Equations, Generalized Linear Models, and Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate parent–offspring relationships and group differences. In ASD probands and their relatives alike, digit length relative to overall height was significantly increased in comparison to controls. No significant group differences were found between affected and unaffected subjects, or between males and females. Additionally, 2D:4D ratios increased with age. No (consistent) associations were found between 2D:4D ratio or digit lengths and systemizing and empathizing skills. The findings emphasize the role of familially based elevated pre- and postnatal testosterone levels in the liability for ASD, but challenge the use of 2D:4D ratio as a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure solely. Given that many genes influence digit length, the exact mechanisms underlying a familial predisposition toward increased digit length in ASD are as yet unknown and needs to be explored in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1384 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders / Victor KANG in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.501-506 Titre : Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Victor KANG, Auteur ; George C. WAGNER, Auteur ; Xue MING, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.501-506 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  gastrointestinal disorders  comorbid disorders  endoscopy  colonoscopy  inflammation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions are frequently reported by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and have been recently recognized as a comorbid condition. However, the clinical significance of these GI dysfunctions remains to be delineated. This study describes the clinical characteristics, associated comorbid disorders, and endoscopic and colonoscopic evaluation of GI dysfunction in a cohort of 164 children with ASD evaluated at a pediatric neurology practice. Symptoms of GI dysfunction were prevalent: 49% of the children reported one or more chronic GI complaints, 22% exhibited diarrhea, 26% suffered from constipation. Furthermore 13% of the parents reported their children to suffer from bloating and/or being gassy and while 10% of the parents reported vomiting or gastroesophageal reflux problems. Similar rates of GI symptoms were reported among pre-school and school-aged children. Inflammation of the gut was found in 6 of the 12 subjects who underwent endoscopic and colonoscopic evaluations, however clinical symptoms did not predict the results of the evaluation. GI dysfunction was significantly associated with sleep disorders and food intolerance, but not with irritability or aggressiveness. In summary, GI dysfunction was prevalent in this cohort of children with ASD, observations consistent with the reports of parents and other clinicians. We conclude that the GI dysfunction in ASD requires proper evaluation and treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1386 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Victor KANG, Auteur ; George C. WAGNER, Auteur ; Xue MING, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.501-506. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.501-506 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  gastrointestinal disorders  comorbid disorders  endoscopy  colonoscopy  inflammation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions are frequently reported by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and have been recently recognized as a comorbid condition. However, the clinical significance of these GI dysfunctions remains to be delineated. This study describes the clinical characteristics, associated comorbid disorders, and endoscopic and colonoscopic evaluation of GI dysfunction in a cohort of 164 children with ASD evaluated at a pediatric neurology practice. Symptoms of GI dysfunction were prevalent: 49% of the children reported one or more chronic GI complaints, 22% exhibited diarrhea, 26% suffered from constipation. Furthermore 13% of the parents reported their children to suffer from bloating and/or being gassy and while 10% of the parents reported vomiting or gastroesophageal reflux problems. Similar rates of GI symptoms were reported among pre-school and school-aged children. Inflammation of the gut was found in 6 of the 12 subjects who underwent endoscopic and colonoscopic evaluations, however clinical symptoms did not predict the results of the evaluation. GI dysfunction was significantly associated with sleep disorders and food intolerance, but not with irritability or aggressiveness. In summary, GI dysfunction was prevalent in this cohort of children with ASD, observations consistent with the reports of parents and other clinicians. We conclude that the GI dysfunction in ASD requires proper evaluation and treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1386 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

What Do We Know About Suicidality in Autism Spectrum Disorders? A Systematic Review / Magali SEGERS in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.507-521 Titre : What Do We Know About Suicidality in Autism Spectrum Disorders? A Systematic Review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Magali SEGERS, Auteur ; Jennine RAWANA, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.507-521 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  suicide  suicidality  prevalence  risk factors  protective factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Suicidality is a common and concerning issue across development, and there is a plethora of research on this topic among typically developing children and youth. Very little is known, however, about the nature of suicidality among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The purpose of the current study was to undertake a systematic literature review to assess the current state of the research literature to examine the prevalence of suicidality among individuals with ASD, related demographic and clinical profiles, and associated risk and protective factors. A literature search using key terms related to suicidality and ASD yielded 10 topical studies that were evaluated for the study objectives. Suicidality was present in 10.9–50% of the ASD samples identified in the systematic review. Further, several large-scale studies found that individuals with ASD comprised 7.3–15% of suicidal populations, a substantial subgroup. Risk factors were identified and included peer victimization, behavioral problems, being Black or Hispanic, being male, lower socioeconomic status, and lower level of education. Only one study reported on protective factors, and this is identified as a significant gap in the literature. Several methodological weaknesses were present in the current literature, such as lack of appropriate comparison groups and little to no use of empirically validated measures for ASD diagnosis and suicide assessment. Additional research is necessary to understand better how this unique population experiences and expresses suicidal tendencies. Recommendations for future research are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1375 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] What Do We Know About Suicidality in Autism Spectrum Disorders? A Systematic Review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Magali SEGERS, Auteur ; Jennine RAWANA, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.507-521. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.507-521 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  suicide  suicidality  prevalence  risk factors  protective factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Suicidality is a common and concerning issue across development, and there is a plethora of research on this topic among typically developing children and youth. Very little is known, however, about the nature of suicidality among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The purpose of the current study was to undertake a systematic literature review to assess the current state of the research literature to examine the prevalence of suicidality among individuals with ASD, related demographic and clinical profiles, and associated risk and protective factors. A literature search using key terms related to suicidality and ASD yielded 10 topical studies that were evaluated for the study objectives. Suicidality was present in 10.9–50% of the ASD samples identified in the systematic review. Further, several large-scale studies found that individuals with ASD comprised 7.3–15% of suicidal populations, a substantial subgroup. Risk factors were identified and included peer victimization, behavioral problems, being Black or Hispanic, being male, lower socioeconomic status, and lower level of education. Only one study reported on protective factors, and this is identified as a significant gap in the literature. Several methodological weaknesses were present in the current literature, such as lack of appropriate comparison groups and little to no use of empirically validated measures for ASD diagnosis and suicide assessment. Additional research is necessary to understand better how this unique population experiences and expresses suicidal tendencies. Recommendations for future research are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1375 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Scientific Summaries for Families With ASD in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.522-525 Titre : Scientific Summaries for Families With ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.522-525 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1406 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Scientific Summaries for Families With ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2014 . - p.522-525. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.522-525 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1406 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

International Society for Autism Research News in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.526-526 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.526-526 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1407 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2014 . - p.526-526. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.526-526 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1407 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238