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Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study / Rita OBEID in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-1 (January 2021)
[article]
Titre : Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rita OBEID, Auteur ; Jennifer Bailey BISSON, Auteur ; Alexandra COSENZA, Auteur ; Ashley J. HARRISON, Auteur ; Faith JAMES, Auteur ; Sabine SAADE, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.106-128 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Conduct disorder Explicit Iat Implicit Stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Are implicit and explicit biases related to ASD identification and/or stigma? College students (N?=?493) completed two IATs assessing implicit stigma and racial biases. They evaluated vignettes depicting a child with ASD or conduct disorder (CD) paired with a photo of a Black or White child. CD was more implicitly and explicitly stigmatized than ASD. Accurately identifying ASD was associated with reduced explicit stigma; identifying CD led to more stigma. Participants who identified as White implicitly associated the White child with ASD and the Black child with CD. A trend in the reverse direction was observed among Black participants. Implicit and explicit biases were unrelated. Findings highlight a need for trainings to ameliorate biases favoring one's in-group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04507-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.106-128[article] Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rita OBEID, Auteur ; Jennifer Bailey BISSON, Auteur ; Alexandra COSENZA, Auteur ; Ashley J. HARRISON, Auteur ; Faith JAMES, Auteur ; Sabine SAADE, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur . - p.106-128.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.106-128
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Conduct disorder Explicit Iat Implicit Stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Are implicit and explicit biases related to ASD identification and/or stigma? College students (N?=?493) completed two IATs assessing implicit stigma and racial biases. They evaluated vignettes depicting a child with ASD or conduct disorder (CD) paired with a photo of a Black or White child. CD was more implicitly and explicitly stigmatized than ASD. Accurately identifying ASD was associated with reduced explicit stigma; identifying CD led to more stigma. Participants who identified as White implicitly associated the White child with ASD and the Black child with CD. A trend in the reverse direction was observed among Black participants. Implicit and explicit biases were unrelated. Findings highlight a need for trainings to ameliorate biases favoring one's in-group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04507-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437 An amygdala-centered hyper-connectivity signature of threatening face processing predicts anxiety in youths with autism spectrum conditions / Y. C. CHEN in Autism Research, 14-11 (November 2021)
[article]
Titre : An amygdala-centered hyper-connectivity signature of threatening face processing predicts anxiety in youths with autism spectrum conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Y. C. CHEN, Auteur ; C. CHEN, Auteur ; R. M. MARTÍNEZ, Auteur ; Y. T. FAN, Auteur ; C. C. LIU, Auteur ; C. Y. CHEN, Auteur ; Y. CHENG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2287-2299 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Amygdala/diagnostic imaging Anxiety/complications Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnostic imaging Autistic Disorder Case-Control Studies Facial Recognition Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging amygdala autism spectrum condition (ASC) explicit implicit threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is exceedingly prevalent among individuals with an autism spectrum condition (ASC). While recent literature postulates anxiety as a mechanism encompassing an underlying amygdala-related elevated baseline level of arousal even to nonthreatening cues, whether this same mechanism contributes to anxiety in those with an ASC and supports the transdiagnostic nature of anxiety remains elusive. In this case-control study of 51 youths (26 ASC), we assessed autism and anxiety via the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Hemodynamic responses, including amygdala reactivity, to explicit and implicit (backwardly masked) perception of threatening faces were acquired using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). For explicit fear, ASC individuals showed significantly greater negative correlations between the amygdala and the attentional deployment-parietal network. For implicit fear, ASC individuals showed significantly stronger correlations of the amygdala with the prefrontal networks, temporal pole, and hippocampus. Additionally, an fMRI-based neurologic signature for anxiety in ASCs was identified via the LibSVM machine learning model using amygdala-centered functional connectivity during the emotional processing of explicit and implicit stimuli. Hypervigilance to implicit threat in ASCs comorbid with anxiety might exacerbate explicit threat reactivity; hence the use of attentional avoidance patterns to restrict affective hyperarousal for explicitly perceived socioemotional stimuli. Consequently, developing an attention-independent behavioral/neural marker identifying anxiety in ASCs is highly warranted. LAY SUMMARY: This study identifies a dissociation of amygdala reactivity dependent on explicit and implicit threat processing. Implicit anxiety in individuals with an autism spectrum condition (ASC) could outweigh explicitly induced threat. When explicitly perceiving socioemotional stimuli, ASC individuals with anxiety might use attentional avoidance patterns to restrict affective hyperarousal. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2595 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2287-2299[article] An amygdala-centered hyper-connectivity signature of threatening face processing predicts anxiety in youths with autism spectrum conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Y. C. CHEN, Auteur ; C. CHEN, Auteur ; R. M. MARTÍNEZ, Auteur ; Y. T. FAN, Auteur ; C. C. LIU, Auteur ; C. Y. CHEN, Auteur ; Y. CHENG, Auteur . - p.2287-2299.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2287-2299
Mots-clés : Adolescent Amygdala/diagnostic imaging Anxiety/complications Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnostic imaging Autistic Disorder Case-Control Studies Facial Recognition Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging amygdala autism spectrum condition (ASC) explicit implicit threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is exceedingly prevalent among individuals with an autism spectrum condition (ASC). While recent literature postulates anxiety as a mechanism encompassing an underlying amygdala-related elevated baseline level of arousal even to nonthreatening cues, whether this same mechanism contributes to anxiety in those with an ASC and supports the transdiagnostic nature of anxiety remains elusive. In this case-control study of 51 youths (26 ASC), we assessed autism and anxiety via the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Hemodynamic responses, including amygdala reactivity, to explicit and implicit (backwardly masked) perception of threatening faces were acquired using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). For explicit fear, ASC individuals showed significantly greater negative correlations between the amygdala and the attentional deployment-parietal network. For implicit fear, ASC individuals showed significantly stronger correlations of the amygdala with the prefrontal networks, temporal pole, and hippocampus. Additionally, an fMRI-based neurologic signature for anxiety in ASCs was identified via the LibSVM machine learning model using amygdala-centered functional connectivity during the emotional processing of explicit and implicit stimuli. Hypervigilance to implicit threat in ASCs comorbid with anxiety might exacerbate explicit threat reactivity; hence the use of attentional avoidance patterns to restrict affective hyperarousal for explicitly perceived socioemotional stimuli. Consequently, developing an attention-independent behavioral/neural marker identifying anxiety in ASCs is highly warranted. LAY SUMMARY: This study identifies a dissociation of amygdala reactivity dependent on explicit and implicit threat processing. Implicit anxiety in individuals with an autism spectrum condition (ASC) could outweigh explicitly induced threat. When explicitly perceiving socioemotional stimuli, ASC individuals with anxiety might use attentional avoidance patterns to restrict affective hyperarousal. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2595 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450