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Autistic traits in the general population do not correlate with a preference for associative information / Judith GORIS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 33 (January 2017)
[article]
Titre : Autistic traits in the general population do not correlate with a preference for associative information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Sabrina TRAPP, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.29-38 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum Preference Associative information Predictive Sameness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Associations and regularities in our environment can foster expectations and thereby help create a perceptually predictable world (e.g., a knife next to a plate predicts with high certainty a fork on the other side). Based on several observations, it has been suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an above average tendency to prefer well-organized information or structured environments. Surprisingly, however, this tendency has not yet been tested under controlled experimental conditions. A recent study suggested that neurotypical adults prefer associative information, regardless of their semantic content. Therefore, in this study, we examined the relation of this preference bias to the scores of 123 neurotypical adults on questionnaires that measure autistic traits, known to co-vary with typical autism spectrum characteristics. Participants were presented with different configurations of meaningless abstract shapes. Some shapes were always presented in the exact same fixed configuration, and other shapes were always presented in different random configurations. In an unannounced subsequent evaluation task, participants were required to indicate which shapes they preferred. Results We replicate the observation that people exhibit a general preference for shapes that were presented in fixed configurations. However, there were no correlations between autistic traits and this general preference. Our findings suggest the preference for associative information in ASD might be less general than first thought, or restricted to more complex (social) situations or other levels of information processing. We outline specific guidelines for future systematic investigations into the hypothesized increased preference for associative information in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 33 (January 2017) . - p.29-38[article] Autistic traits in the general population do not correlate with a preference for associative information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Sabrina TRAPP, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur . - p.29-38.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 33 (January 2017) . - p.29-38
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum Preference Associative information Predictive Sameness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Associations and regularities in our environment can foster expectations and thereby help create a perceptually predictable world (e.g., a knife next to a plate predicts with high certainty a fork on the other side). Based on several observations, it has been suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an above average tendency to prefer well-organized information or structured environments. Surprisingly, however, this tendency has not yet been tested under controlled experimental conditions. A recent study suggested that neurotypical adults prefer associative information, regardless of their semantic content. Therefore, in this study, we examined the relation of this preference bias to the scores of 123 neurotypical adults on questionnaires that measure autistic traits, known to co-vary with typical autism spectrum characteristics. Participants were presented with different configurations of meaningless abstract shapes. Some shapes were always presented in the exact same fixed configuration, and other shapes were always presented in different random configurations. In an unannounced subsequent evaluation task, participants were required to indicate which shapes they preferred. Results We replicate the observation that people exhibit a general preference for shapes that were presented in fixed configurations. However, there were no correlations between autistic traits and this general preference. Our findings suggest the preference for associative information in ASD might be less general than first thought, or restricted to more complex (social) situations or other levels of information processing. We outline specific guidelines for future systematic investigations into the hypothesized increased preference for associative information in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 The Relation Between Preference for Predictability and Autistic Traits / Judith GORIS in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)
[article]
Titre : The Relation Between Preference for Predictability and Autistic Traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Charlotte CAMBIER, Auteur ; Jeroen DELPLANQUE, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1144-1154 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd autism insistence on sameness predictability preference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A common idea about individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is that they have an above-average preference for predictability and sameness. However, surprisingly little research has gone toward this core symptom, and some studies suggest the preference for predictability in ASD might be less general than commonly assumed. Here, we investigated this important symptom of ASD using three different paradigms, which allowed us to measure preference for predictability under well-controlled experimental conditions. Specifically, we used a dimensional approach by investigating correlations between autistic traits (as measured with the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and Social Responsiveness Scale in a neurotypical population) and the scores on three different tasks. The "music preference" task assessed preferences for tone sequences that varied in predictability. The "perceptual fluency" task required participants to evaluate stimuli that were preceded by a similar versus dissimilar subliminally presented prime. The "gambling" task presented four decks of cards that had equal outcome probabilities but varied in predictability. We observed positive correlations between autistic traits and a preference for predictability in both the music preference and perceptual fluency task. We did not find our hypothesized correlation with gambling behavior but did observe a post hoc correlation showing that participants with more autistic traits were faster to choose the predictable deck. Together, these findings show that a relation between autistic traits and preference for predictability can be observed in a standardized lab environment, and should be considered an important first step toward a better, more mechanistic understanding of insistence on sameness in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1144-1154. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: A core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a strong preference for predictability, but little research has gone toward it. We show that neurotypical adults with more autistic traits have stronger preferences for predictable tunes, evaluate images that can be predicted as more beautiful, and are faster in choosing a gambling option resulting in predictable reward. These results offer the first important evidence that insistence on sameness in ASD can be studied in controlled lab settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2244 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429
in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1144-1154[article] The Relation Between Preference for Predictability and Autistic Traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Charlotte CAMBIER, Auteur ; Jeroen DELPLANQUE, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur . - p.1144-1154.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1144-1154
Mots-clés : Asd autism insistence on sameness predictability preference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A common idea about individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is that they have an above-average preference for predictability and sameness. However, surprisingly little research has gone toward this core symptom, and some studies suggest the preference for predictability in ASD might be less general than commonly assumed. Here, we investigated this important symptom of ASD using three different paradigms, which allowed us to measure preference for predictability under well-controlled experimental conditions. Specifically, we used a dimensional approach by investigating correlations between autistic traits (as measured with the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and Social Responsiveness Scale in a neurotypical population) and the scores on three different tasks. The "music preference" task assessed preferences for tone sequences that varied in predictability. The "perceptual fluency" task required participants to evaluate stimuli that were preceded by a similar versus dissimilar subliminally presented prime. The "gambling" task presented four decks of cards that had equal outcome probabilities but varied in predictability. We observed positive correlations between autistic traits and a preference for predictability in both the music preference and perceptual fluency task. We did not find our hypothesized correlation with gambling behavior but did observe a post hoc correlation showing that participants with more autistic traits were faster to choose the predictable deck. Together, these findings show that a relation between autistic traits and preference for predictability can be observed in a standardized lab environment, and should be considered an important first step toward a better, more mechanistic understanding of insistence on sameness in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1144-1154. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: A core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a strong preference for predictability, but little research has gone toward it. We show that neurotypical adults with more autistic traits have stronger preferences for predictable tunes, evaluate images that can be predicted as more beautiful, and are faster in choosing a gambling option resulting in predictable reward. These results offer the first important evidence that insistence on sameness in ASD can be studied in controlled lab settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2244 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 The Role of Reinforcement in Multiple Response Repetition Error Correction and Treatment Preference of Chinese Children with Autism / C. YUAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-9 (September 2019)
[article]
Titre : The Role of Reinforcement in Multiple Response Repetition Error Correction and Treatment Preference of Chinese Children with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. YUAN, Auteur ; Y. HUA, Auteur ; J. ZHU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3704-3715 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Early behavioral intervention Error correction Preference Reinforcement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Error correction is a ubiquitous instructional component for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the context of alternating treatment with repeated acquisition design, we taught four young Chinese children with ASD three sets of a match-to-sample task using multiple response repetition error correction with and without reinforcement. We assessed the participants' preferences of the procedures. Results showed that the acquisition rates were similar under both conditions. However, participant's preferences varied, with three participants preferring error correction with reinforcement and one preferring the without-reinforcement procedure. The discussion addresses the results from our comparison in light of prior studies and learner preferences of error-correction procedures, as well as the research and practical implications of our findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04086-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-9 (September 2019) . - p.3704-3715[article] The Role of Reinforcement in Multiple Response Repetition Error Correction and Treatment Preference of Chinese Children with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. YUAN, Auteur ; Y. HUA, Auteur ; J. ZHU, Auteur . - p.3704-3715.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-9 (September 2019) . - p.3704-3715
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Early behavioral intervention Error correction Preference Reinforcement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Error correction is a ubiquitous instructional component for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the context of alternating treatment with repeated acquisition design, we taught four young Chinese children with ASD three sets of a match-to-sample task using multiple response repetition error correction with and without reinforcement. We assessed the participants' preferences of the procedures. Results showed that the acquisition rates were similar under both conditions. However, participant's preferences varied, with three participants preferring error correction with reinforcement and one preferring the without-reinforcement procedure. The discussion addresses the results from our comparison in light of prior studies and learner preferences of error-correction procedures, as well as the research and practical implications of our findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04086-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405 Children's responses to the image of self, peer, and adult: Autism and typical development / Wakako SANEFUJI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-3 (July-September 2011)
[article]
Titre : Children's responses to the image of self, peer, and adult: Autism and typical development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wakako SANEFUJI, Auteur ; Hidehiro OHGAMI, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1194-1200 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Self-other understanding Preference Similarity Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The typical development (TD) of social cognition could be rooted in the implicit notion that others are like the self. Although many studies show their impairment of social orienting, such a primary notion in children with autistic disorder (AD) has not been known. The present paper examined the responses of children with AD to stimuli such as others with similar features as the self. The preferential looking paradigm was used to assess the responses of children with AD to others of the same or different age (i.e., peer or adult), and compare these responses to those of children with TD. Subsequently, the same participants’ responses to the self and peer were also examined. The results revealed that children with AD did not show preferential responses to peer nor adult, but showed a looking preference for their own images; on the other hand, children with TD preferred to look at both peer and the self. It could be interpreted that children with AD might not be able to generalize their understanding of the self to that of others at least at the visual level, whereas children with TD should, on the basis of self-recognition, detect similarity and perceive familiarity with others of the same age as themselves. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-3 (July-September 2011) . - p.1194-1200[article] Children's responses to the image of self, peer, and adult: Autism and typical development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wakako SANEFUJI, Auteur ; Hidehiro OHGAMI, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1194-1200.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-3 (July-September 2011) . - p.1194-1200
Mots-clés : Self-other understanding Preference Similarity Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The typical development (TD) of social cognition could be rooted in the implicit notion that others are like the self. Although many studies show their impairment of social orienting, such a primary notion in children with autistic disorder (AD) has not been known. The present paper examined the responses of children with AD to stimuli such as others with similar features as the self. The preferential looking paradigm was used to assess the responses of children with AD to others of the same or different age (i.e., peer or adult), and compare these responses to those of children with TD. Subsequently, the same participants’ responses to the self and peer were also examined. The results revealed that children with AD did not show preferential responses to peer nor adult, but showed a looking preference for their own images; on the other hand, children with TD preferred to look at both peer and the self. It could be interpreted that children with AD might not be able to generalize their understanding of the self to that of others at least at the visual level, whereas children with TD should, on the basis of self-recognition, detect similarity and perceive familiarity with others of the same age as themselves. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 Using common interests to increase socialization between children with autism and their peers / Maithri SIVARAMAN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 51 (July 2018)
[article]
Titre : Using common interests to increase socialization between children with autism and their peers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maithri SIVARAMAN, Auteur ; Tara A. FAHMIE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-8 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Preference Social initiations Social engagement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The social deficits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are considered important targets for intervention due to their influence on long-term outcomes. In the present study, we assessed whether identifying and incorporating common interests of children with ASD and their typically developing peers would result in increases in social engagement and initiations. Method Three children diagnosed with ASD were paired with three typically developing peers for the study. A separate multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment was conducted for the child with ASD and the peer during the treatment to match interests. Data were collected on social engagement and initiations. A concurrent multiple probe design across participants was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. Results Results showed that the intervention produced rapid increases in social engagement and initiations for all participants, without any direct social skill training. These results were also maintained during the follow-up session. Two out of the three participants showed generalization of skills to the natural environment wherein common interests were not incorporated. Conclusions Our findings suggest that environmental manipulations in the form of incorporating choices of stimuli can increase socialization and generalization of skills. The treatment was effective at increasing social engagement without any intensive prompting for the participants of the study. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.03.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=362
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 51 (July 2018) . - p.1-8[article] Using common interests to increase socialization between children with autism and their peers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maithri SIVARAMAN, Auteur ; Tara A. FAHMIE, Auteur . - p.1-8.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 51 (July 2018) . - p.1-8
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Preference Social initiations Social engagement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The social deficits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are considered important targets for intervention due to their influence on long-term outcomes. In the present study, we assessed whether identifying and incorporating common interests of children with ASD and their typically developing peers would result in increases in social engagement and initiations. Method Three children diagnosed with ASD were paired with three typically developing peers for the study. A separate multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment was conducted for the child with ASD and the peer during the treatment to match interests. Data were collected on social engagement and initiations. A concurrent multiple probe design across participants was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. Results Results showed that the intervention produced rapid increases in social engagement and initiations for all participants, without any direct social skill training. These results were also maintained during the follow-up session. Two out of the three participants showed generalization of skills to the natural environment wherein common interests were not incorporated. Conclusions Our findings suggest that environmental manipulations in the form of incorporating choices of stimuli can increase socialization and generalization of skills. The treatment was effective at increasing social engagement without any intensive prompting for the participants of the study. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.03.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=362 Patterns of equipment use for autistic children in multi-sensory environments: Time spent with sensory equipment varies by sensory profile and intellectual ability / Katy L. UNWIN in Autism, 28-3 (March 2024)
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