Dépouillements

The impact of COVID-19 on autism research: Reflections from China / Chongying WANG in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1028 Titre : The impact of COVID-19 on autism research: Reflections from China Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chongying WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1028 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2344 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] The impact of COVID-19 on autism research: Reflections from China [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chongying WANG, Auteur . - p.1028. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1028 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2344 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Cultural and Contextual Factors on Autism Across the Globe / Anne DE LEEUW in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1029-1050 Titre : A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Cultural and Contextual Factors on Autism Across the Globe Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anne DE LEEUW, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1029-1050 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  culture  diagnosis  low- and middle-income countries  screening Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism research is heavily skewed toward western high-income countries. Culturally appropriate screening and diagnostic instruments for autism are lacking in most low- and middle-income settings where the majority of the global autism population lives. To date, a clear overview of the possible cultural and contextual factors that may affect the process of identifying and diagnosing individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is missing. This study aims to outline these factors by proposing a conceptual framework. A multidisciplinary review approach was applied to inform the development of the conceptual framework, combining a systematic review of the relevant autism research literature with a wider literature search spanning key texts in global mental health, cultural psychiatry, cross-cultural psychology, and intellectual disability research. The resulting conceptual framework considers the identification, help-seeking, and diagnostic process at four interrelated levels: (a) the expression; (b) recognition; (c) interpretation; and (d) reporting of autism symptoms, and describes the cultural and contextual factors associated with each of these levels, including cultural norms of typical and atypical behavior, culture-specific approaches to parenting, mental health literacy, cultural beliefs, attitudes and stigma, as well as the affordability, availability, accessibility, and acceptability of services. This framework, mapping out the cultural and contextual factors that can affect the identification, help-seeking, and diagnosis of ASD may function as a springboard for the development of culturally appropriate autism screening and diagnostic instruments, and inform future cross-cultural autism research directions. The framework also has relevance for clinicians and policy makers aiming to improve support for underserved autism populations worldwide. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1029-1050. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The vast majority of autism research is conducted in western high-income settings. We therefore know relatively little of how culture and context can affect the identification, help-seeking, and diagnosis of autism across the globe. This study synthesizes what is known from the autism research literature and a broader literature and maps out how culture and context may affect (a) the expression, (b) recognition, (c) interpretation, and (d) reporting of autism symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2276 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Cultural and Contextual Factors on Autism Across the Globe [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anne DE LEEUW, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur . - p.1029-1050. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1029-1050 Mots-clés : autism  culture  diagnosis  low- and middle-income countries  screening Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism research is heavily skewed toward western high-income countries. Culturally appropriate screening and diagnostic instruments for autism are lacking in most low- and middle-income settings where the majority of the global autism population lives. To date, a clear overview of the possible cultural and contextual factors that may affect the process of identifying and diagnosing individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is missing. This study aims to outline these factors by proposing a conceptual framework. A multidisciplinary review approach was applied to inform the development of the conceptual framework, combining a systematic review of the relevant autism research literature with a wider literature search spanning key texts in global mental health, cultural psychiatry, cross-cultural psychology, and intellectual disability research. The resulting conceptual framework considers the identification, help-seeking, and diagnostic process at four interrelated levels: (a) the expression; (b) recognition; (c) interpretation; and (d) reporting of autism symptoms, and describes the cultural and contextual factors associated with each of these levels, including cultural norms of typical and atypical behavior, culture-specific approaches to parenting, mental health literacy, cultural beliefs, attitudes and stigma, as well as the affordability, availability, accessibility, and acceptability of services. This framework, mapping out the cultural and contextual factors that can affect the identification, help-seeking, and diagnosis of ASD may function as a springboard for the development of culturally appropriate autism screening and diagnostic instruments, and inform future cross-cultural autism research directions. The framework also has relevance for clinicians and policy makers aiming to improve support for underserved autism populations worldwide. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1029-1050. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The vast majority of autism research is conducted in western high-income settings. We therefore know relatively little of how culture and context can affect the identification, help-seeking, and diagnosis of autism across the globe. This study synthesizes what is known from the autism research literature and a broader literature and maps out how culture and context may affect (a) the expression, (b) recognition, (c) interpretation, and (d) reporting of autism symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2276 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Targeting Gamma-Related Pathophysiology in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Opportunities and Challenges / Fae B. KAYARIAN in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1051-1071 Titre : Targeting Gamma-Related Pathophysiology in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Opportunities and Challenges Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Fae B. KAYARIAN, Auteur ; Ali JANNATI, Auteur ; Alexander ROTENBERG, Auteur ; Emiliano SANTARNECCHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1051-1071 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  gamma  transcranial alternating current stimulation  transcranial direct current stimulation  transcranial electrical stimulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A range of scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities correlates with the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among these are alterations of brain oscillations in the gamma-frequency EEG band in adults and children with ASD, whose origin has been linked to dysfunctions of inhibitory interneuron signaling. While therapeutic interventions aimed to modulate gamma oscillations are being tested for neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and frontotemporal dementia, the prospects for therapeutic gamma modulation in ASD have not been extensively studied. Accordingly, we discuss gamma-related alterations in the setting of ASD pathophysiology, as well as potential interventions that can enhance gamma oscillations in patients with ASD. Ultimately, we argue that transcranial electrical stimulation modalities capable of entraining gamma oscillations, and thereby potentially modulating inhibitory interneuron circuitry, are promising methods to study and mitigate gamma alterations in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1051-1071. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Brain functions are mediated by various oscillatory waves of neuronal activity, ranging in amplitude and frequency. In certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, reduced high-frequency oscillations in the "gamma" band have been observed, and therapeutic interventions to enhance such activity are being explored. Here, we review and comment on evidence of reduced gamma activity in ASD, arguing that modalities used in other disorders may benefit individuals with ASD as well. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2312 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Targeting Gamma-Related Pathophysiology in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Opportunities and Challenges [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Fae B. KAYARIAN, Auteur ; Ali JANNATI, Auteur ; Alexander ROTENBERG, Auteur ; Emiliano SANTARNECCHI, Auteur . - p.1051-1071. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1051-1071 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  gamma  transcranial alternating current stimulation  transcranial direct current stimulation  transcranial electrical stimulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A range of scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities correlates with the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among these are alterations of brain oscillations in the gamma-frequency EEG band in adults and children with ASD, whose origin has been linked to dysfunctions of inhibitory interneuron signaling. While therapeutic interventions aimed to modulate gamma oscillations are being tested for neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and frontotemporal dementia, the prospects for therapeutic gamma modulation in ASD have not been extensively studied. Accordingly, we discuss gamma-related alterations in the setting of ASD pathophysiology, as well as potential interventions that can enhance gamma oscillations in patients with ASD. Ultimately, we argue that transcranial electrical stimulation modalities capable of entraining gamma oscillations, and thereby potentially modulating inhibitory interneuron circuitry, are promising methods to study and mitigate gamma alterations in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1051-1071. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Brain functions are mediated by various oscillatory waves of neuronal activity, ranging in amplitude and frequency. In certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, reduced high-frequency oscillations in the "gamma" band have been observed, and therapeutic interventions to enhance such activity are being explored. Here, we review and comment on evidence of reduced gamma activity in ASD, arguing that modalities used in other disorders may benefit individuals with ASD as well. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2312 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Addressing Challenging Behavior During Hospitalizations for Children with Autism: A Pilot Applied Behavior Analysis Randomized Controlled Trial / Kevin SANDERS in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1072-1078 Titre : Addressing Challenging Behavior During Hospitalizations for Children with Autism: A Pilot Applied Behavior Analysis Randomized Controlled Trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kevin SANDERS, Auteur ; John STAUBITZ, Auteur ; A Pablo JUAREZ, Auteur ; Sarah MARLER, Auteur ; Whitney BROWNING, Auteur ; Erin MCDONNELL, Auteur ; Lily L. ALTSTEIN, Auteur ; Eric A. MACKLIN, Auteur ; Zachary WARREN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1072-1078 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aba  autism spectrum disorder  hospitalization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptance, and potential clinical benefit of brief applied behavior analysis (ABA)-based interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) displaying challenging behaviors during hospitalizations. Participants included 36 children diagnosed with ASD, 6-17?years of age, who were medically or psychiatrically hospitalized. Children in the intervention group received a brief ABA intervention and were compared to children in the evaluation and monitoring-only group. Families and staff recommended the intervention, children receiving the intervention demonstrated significantly more improvement in unblinded ratings of clinical severity, data from physicians indicated a positive effect of the intervention on levels of staffing and restraints and attending medical providers universally reported satisfaction and benefit of the intervention. Improvements in challenging behaviors were not significantly different as reported by parents, and the length of hospitalization did not differ between the groups. Ultimately, the outcomes of this pilot study suggest incorporating specialized ABA-based assessment and intervention during hospitalization may be feasible and well accepted by clinicians and families. However, future research must address potent methodological challenges related to capturing meaningful data during hospitalizations in order to answer questions of ultimate pragmatic, clinical, and system-level benefits. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02339935, Registered 16 January 2015, First participant consented 23 February 2015. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1072-1078. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Inpatient hospitalizations for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and severe behavior are common, challenging, and costly in terms of human experience. This study evaluated the benefit of brief applied behavior analysis-based interventions to children and adolescents with ASD displaying challenging behaviors during hospitalizations. Families and staff evaluating the procedures noted perceived potential benefits of the intervention, but this initial pilot study did not document changes in hospitalization length or blinded rating of improvement. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2308 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Addressing Challenging Behavior During Hospitalizations for Children with Autism: A Pilot Applied Behavior Analysis Randomized Controlled Trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kevin SANDERS, Auteur ; John STAUBITZ, Auteur ; A Pablo JUAREZ, Auteur ; Sarah MARLER, Auteur ; Whitney BROWNING, Auteur ; Erin MCDONNELL, Auteur ; Lily L. ALTSTEIN, Auteur ; Eric A. MACKLIN, Auteur ; Zachary WARREN, Auteur . - p.1072-1078. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1072-1078 Mots-clés : Aba  autism spectrum disorder  hospitalization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptance, and potential clinical benefit of brief applied behavior analysis (ABA)-based interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) displaying challenging behaviors during hospitalizations. Participants included 36 children diagnosed with ASD, 6-17?years of age, who were medically or psychiatrically hospitalized. Children in the intervention group received a brief ABA intervention and were compared to children in the evaluation and monitoring-only group. Families and staff recommended the intervention, children receiving the intervention demonstrated significantly more improvement in unblinded ratings of clinical severity, data from physicians indicated a positive effect of the intervention on levels of staffing and restraints and attending medical providers universally reported satisfaction and benefit of the intervention. Improvements in challenging behaviors were not significantly different as reported by parents, and the length of hospitalization did not differ between the groups. Ultimately, the outcomes of this pilot study suggest incorporating specialized ABA-based assessment and intervention during hospitalization may be feasible and well accepted by clinicians and families. However, future research must address potent methodological challenges related to capturing meaningful data during hospitalizations in order to answer questions of ultimate pragmatic, clinical, and system-level benefits. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02339935, Registered 16 January 2015, First participant consented 23 February 2015. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1072-1078. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Inpatient hospitalizations for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and severe behavior are common, challenging, and costly in terms of human experience. This study evaluated the benefit of brief applied behavior analysis-based interventions to children and adolescents with ASD displaying challenging behaviors during hospitalizations. Families and staff evaluating the procedures noted perceived potential benefits of the intervention, but this initial pilot study did not document changes in hospitalization length or blinded rating of improvement. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2308 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

DNA Methylation Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a South African Autism Spectrum Disorder Cohort / Sofia STATHOPOULOS in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1079-1093 Titre : DNA Methylation Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a South African Autism Spectrum Disorder Cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sofia STATHOPOULOS, Auteur ; Renaud GAUJOUX, Auteur ; Zander LINDEQUE, Auteur ; Caitlyn MAHONY, Auteur ; Rachelle VAN DER COLFF, Auteur ; Francois VAN DER WESTHUIZEN, Auteur ; Colleen O'RYAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1079-1093 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  DNA methylation  Pccb  Pcdha12  epigenetics  metabolomic profiles  mitochondrial dysfunction  organic acids Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity and a complex genetic architecture which includes distinctive epigenetic patterns. We report differential DNA methylation patterns associated with ASD in South African children. An exploratory whole-epigenome methylation screen using the Illumina 450?K MethylationArray identified differentially methylated CpG sites between ASD and controls that mapped to 898 genes (P ??0.05) which were enriched for nine canonical pathways converging on mitochondrial metabolism and protein ubiquitination. Targeted Next Generation Bisulfite Sequencing of 27 genes confirmed differential methylation between ASD and control in our cohort. DNA pyrosequencing of two of these genes, the mitochondrial enzyme Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase subunit Beta (PCCB) and Protocadherin Alpha 12 (PCDHA12), revealed a wide range of methylation levels (9-49% and 0-54%, respectively) in both ASD and controls. Three CpG loci were differentially methylated in PCCB (P ??0.05), while PCDHA12, previously linked to ASD, had two significantly different CpG sites (P ??0.001) between ASD and control. Differentially methylated CpGs were hypomethylated in ASD. Metabolomic analysis of urinary organic acids revealed that three metabolites, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (P =?0.008), 3-methyglutaconic acid (P =?0.018), and ethylmalonic acid (P =?0.043) were significantly elevated in individuals with ASD. These metabolites are directly linked to mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders, with a putative link to PCCB, consistent with impaired mitochondrial function. Our data support an association between DNA methylation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology of ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1079-1093. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Epigenetic changes are chemical modifications of DNA which can change gene function. DNA methylation, a type of epigenetic modification, is linked to autism. We examined DNA methylation in South African children with autism and identified mitochondrial genes associated with autism. Mitochondria are power-suppliers in cells and mitochondrial genes are essential to metabolism and energy production, which are important for brain cells during development. Our findings suggest that some individuals with ASD also have mitochondrial dysfunction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2310 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] DNA Methylation Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a South African Autism Spectrum Disorder Cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sofia STATHOPOULOS, Auteur ; Renaud GAUJOUX, Auteur ; Zander LINDEQUE, Auteur ; Caitlyn MAHONY, Auteur ; Rachelle VAN DER COLFF, Auteur ; Francois VAN DER WESTHUIZEN, Auteur ; Colleen O'RYAN, Auteur . - p.1079-1093. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1079-1093 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  DNA methylation  Pccb  Pcdha12  epigenetics  metabolomic profiles  mitochondrial dysfunction  organic acids Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity and a complex genetic architecture which includes distinctive epigenetic patterns. We report differential DNA methylation patterns associated with ASD in South African children. An exploratory whole-epigenome methylation screen using the Illumina 450?K MethylationArray identified differentially methylated CpG sites between ASD and controls that mapped to 898 genes (P ??0.05) which were enriched for nine canonical pathways converging on mitochondrial metabolism and protein ubiquitination. Targeted Next Generation Bisulfite Sequencing of 27 genes confirmed differential methylation between ASD and control in our cohort. DNA pyrosequencing of two of these genes, the mitochondrial enzyme Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase subunit Beta (PCCB) and Protocadherin Alpha 12 (PCDHA12), revealed a wide range of methylation levels (9-49% and 0-54%, respectively) in both ASD and controls. Three CpG loci were differentially methylated in PCCB (P ??0.05), while PCDHA12, previously linked to ASD, had two significantly different CpG sites (P ??0.001) between ASD and control. Differentially methylated CpGs were hypomethylated in ASD. Metabolomic analysis of urinary organic acids revealed that three metabolites, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (P =?0.008), 3-methyglutaconic acid (P =?0.018), and ethylmalonic acid (P =?0.043) were significantly elevated in individuals with ASD. These metabolites are directly linked to mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders, with a putative link to PCCB, consistent with impaired mitochondrial function. Our data support an association between DNA methylation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology of ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1079-1093. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Epigenetic changes are chemical modifications of DNA which can change gene function. DNA methylation, a type of epigenetic modification, is linked to autism. We examined DNA methylation in South African children with autism and identified mitochondrial genes associated with autism. Mitochondria are power-suppliers in cells and mitochondrial genes are essential to metabolism and energy production, which are important for brain cells during development. Our findings suggest that some individuals with ASD also have mitochondrial dysfunction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2310 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Telomere Length and Autism Spectrum Disorder Within the Family: Relationships With Cognition and Sensory Symptoms / Candace R. LEWIS in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1094-1101 Titre : Telomere Length and Autism Spectrum Disorder Within the Family: Relationships With Cognition and Sensory Symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Candace R. LEWIS, Auteur ; Francis TAGUINOD, Auteur ; Wayne M. JEPSEN, Auteur ; Jorey COHEN, Auteur ; Komal AGRAWAL, Auteur ; Matthew J. HUENTELMAN, Auteur ; Christopher J. SMITH, Auteur ; Shannon D. R. RINGENBACH, Auteur ; B. Blair BRADEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1094-1101 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cognition  sensory  telomere Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Telomeres are repetitive noncoding deoxynucleotide sequences that cap chromosomes to protect DNA. Telomere length (TL) is affected by both genetic and environmental factors, and shortening of telomeres is associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, early life stress, and age-related cognitive dysfunction. Two previous studies associated shorter TL with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We aimed to replicate this finding, describe TL in unaffected siblings, and explore novel relationships with symptoms and cognitive function in families with ASD. Participants were 212 male children and adolescents ages 1-17?years (86 with ASD, 57 unaffected siblings, and 69 typically developing [TD]) and 64 parents. TL was measured from blood leukocytes with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and results are expressed by relative ratios with a single copy gene. We replicated that children and adolescents with ASD have shorter TL, compared to TD, and show that unaffected siblings have TL in between those of TD and ASD. We present novel associations between TL and sensory symptoms in ASD. Finally, we demonstrate cognitive functions, but not autistic traits, are related to TL in parents of children with ASD. Cognitive function and TL were not related in children and adolescents. As the third replication, our results elicit confidence in the finding that ASD is associated with shorter TL. Our novel sensory investigation suggests that shortened TL may be a biological mechanism of sensory symptoms in ASD. Furthermore, results highlight the need to better understand relationships between cognition, aging, and TL in families with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1094-1101. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Telomeres cap chromosomes to protect DNA. They progressively shorten as people age and are related to health outcomes. We replicated previous findings that children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have shorter telomeres, compared to typically developing (TD), and show that unaffected siblings have telomere length (TL) in between those of TD and ASD. We find shortened TL is related to more severe sensory symptoms. This may mean families with ASD, especially those with elevated sensory symptoms, are at risk for worse age-related health outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2307 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Telomere Length and Autism Spectrum Disorder Within the Family: Relationships With Cognition and Sensory Symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Candace R. LEWIS, Auteur ; Francis TAGUINOD, Auteur ; Wayne M. JEPSEN, Auteur ; Jorey COHEN, Auteur ; Komal AGRAWAL, Auteur ; Matthew J. HUENTELMAN, Auteur ; Christopher J. SMITH, Auteur ; Shannon D. R. RINGENBACH, Auteur ; B. Blair BRADEN, Auteur . - p.1094-1101. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1094-1101 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cognition  sensory  telomere Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Telomeres are repetitive noncoding deoxynucleotide sequences that cap chromosomes to protect DNA. Telomere length (TL) is affected by both genetic and environmental factors, and shortening of telomeres is associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, early life stress, and age-related cognitive dysfunction. Two previous studies associated shorter TL with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We aimed to replicate this finding, describe TL in unaffected siblings, and explore novel relationships with symptoms and cognitive function in families with ASD. Participants were 212 male children and adolescents ages 1-17?years (86 with ASD, 57 unaffected siblings, and 69 typically developing [TD]) and 64 parents. TL was measured from blood leukocytes with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and results are expressed by relative ratios with a single copy gene. We replicated that children and adolescents with ASD have shorter TL, compared to TD, and show that unaffected siblings have TL in between those of TD and ASD. We present novel associations between TL and sensory symptoms in ASD. Finally, we demonstrate cognitive functions, but not autistic traits, are related to TL in parents of children with ASD. Cognitive function and TL were not related in children and adolescents. As the third replication, our results elicit confidence in the finding that ASD is associated with shorter TL. Our novel sensory investigation suggests that shortened TL may be a biological mechanism of sensory symptoms in ASD. Furthermore, results highlight the need to better understand relationships between cognition, aging, and TL in families with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1094-1101. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Telomeres cap chromosomes to protect DNA. They progressively shorten as people age and are related to health outcomes. We replicated previous findings that children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have shorter telomeres, compared to typically developing (TD), and show that unaffected siblings have telomere length (TL) in between those of TD and ASD. We find shortened TL is related to more severe sensory symptoms. This may mean families with ASD, especially those with elevated sensory symptoms, are at risk for worse age-related health outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2307 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Quantitative Gait Analysis in Duplication 15q Syndrome and Nonsyndromic ASD / Rujuta B. WILSON in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1102-1110 Titre : Quantitative Gait Analysis in Duplication 15q Syndrome and Nonsyndromic ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rujuta B. WILSON, Auteur ; David ELASHOFF, Auteur ; Arnaud GOUELLE, Auteur ; Beth A. SMITH, Auteur ; Andrew M. WILSON, Auteur ; Abigail DICKINSON, Auteur ; Tabitha SAFARI, Auteur ; Carly HYDE, Auteur ; Shafali S. JESTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1102-1110 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  duplication 15q syndrome  gait function  genetic syndrome  motor impairments  quantitative gait analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Motor impairments occur frequently in genetic syndromes highly penetrant for autism spectrum disorder (syndromic ASD) and in individuals with ASD without a genetic diagnosis (nonsyndromic ASD). In particular, abnormalities in gait in ASD have been linked to language delay, ASD severity, and likelihood of having a genetic disorder. Quantitative measures of motor function can improve our ability to evaluate motor differences in individuals with syndromic and nonsyndromic ASD with varying levels of intellectual disability and adaptive skills. To evaluate this methodology, we chose to use quantitative gait analysis to study duplication 15q syndrome (dup15q syndrome), a genetic disorder highly penetrant for motor delays, intellectual disability, and ASD. We evaluated quantitative gait variables in individuals with dup15q syndrome (n = 39) and nonsyndromic ASD (n = 21) and compared these data to a reference typically developing cohort. We found a gait pattern of slow pace, poor postural control, and large gait variability in dup15q syndrome. Our findings improve characterization of motor function in dup15q syndrome and nonsyndromic ASD. Quantitative gait analysis can be used as a translational method and can improve our identification of clinical endpoints to be used in treatment trials for these syndromes. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1102-1110. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Motor impairments, particularly abnormalities in walking, occur frequently in genetic syndromes highly penetrant for autism spectrum disorder (syndromic ASD). Here, using quantitative gait analysis, we find that individuals with duplication 15q syndrome have an atypical gait pattern that differentiates them from typically developing and nonsyndromic ASD individuals. Our findings improve motor characterization in dup15q syndrome and nonsyndromic ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Quantitative Gait Analysis in Duplication 15q Syndrome and Nonsyndromic ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rujuta B. WILSON, Auteur ; David ELASHOFF, Auteur ; Arnaud GOUELLE, Auteur ; Beth A. SMITH, Auteur ; Andrew M. WILSON, Auteur ; Abigail DICKINSON, Auteur ; Tabitha SAFARI, Auteur ; Carly HYDE, Auteur ; Shafali S. JESTE, Auteur . - p.1102-1110. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1102-1110 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  duplication 15q syndrome  gait function  genetic syndrome  motor impairments  quantitative gait analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Motor impairments occur frequently in genetic syndromes highly penetrant for autism spectrum disorder (syndromic ASD) and in individuals with ASD without a genetic diagnosis (nonsyndromic ASD). In particular, abnormalities in gait in ASD have been linked to language delay, ASD severity, and likelihood of having a genetic disorder. Quantitative measures of motor function can improve our ability to evaluate motor differences in individuals with syndromic and nonsyndromic ASD with varying levels of intellectual disability and adaptive skills. To evaluate this methodology, we chose to use quantitative gait analysis to study duplication 15q syndrome (dup15q syndrome), a genetic disorder highly penetrant for motor delays, intellectual disability, and ASD. We evaluated quantitative gait variables in individuals with dup15q syndrome (n = 39) and nonsyndromic ASD (n = 21) and compared these data to a reference typically developing cohort. We found a gait pattern of slow pace, poor postural control, and large gait variability in dup15q syndrome. Our findings improve characterization of motor function in dup15q syndrome and nonsyndromic ASD. Quantitative gait analysis can be used as a translational method and can improve our identification of clinical endpoints to be used in treatment trials for these syndromes. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1102-1110. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Motor impairments, particularly abnormalities in walking, occur frequently in genetic syndromes highly penetrant for autism spectrum disorder (syndromic ASD). Here, using quantitative gait analysis, we find that individuals with duplication 15q syndrome have an atypical gait pattern that differentiates them from typically developing and nonsyndromic ASD individuals. Our findings improve motor characterization in dup15q syndrome and nonsyndromic ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Concentrations of Cortical GABA and Glutamate in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Tamar KOLODNY in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1111-1129 Titre : Concentrations of Cortical GABA and Glutamate in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tamar KOLODNY, Auteur ; Michael-Paul SCHALLMO, Auteur ; Jennifer GERDTS, Auteur ; Richard A. E. EDDEN, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; Scott O. MURRAY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1111-1129 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : auditory cortex  autism spectrum disorders  glutamate  magnetic resonance spectroscopy  sensorimotor cortex  visual cortex  ?-aminobutyric acid Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The balance of excitation and inhibition in neural circuits is hypothesized to be increased in autism spectrum disorder, possibly mediated by altered signaling of the inhibitory neurotransmitter ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA), yet empirical evidence in humans is inconsistent. We used edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify signals associated with both GABA and the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in multiple regions of the sensory and sensorimotor cortex, including primary visual, auditory, and motor areas in adult individuals with autism and in neurotypical controls. Despite the strong a priori hypothesis of reduced GABA in autism spectrum disorder, we found no group differences in neurometabolite concentrations in any of the examined regions and no correlations of MRS measure with psychophysical visual sensitivity or autism symptomatology. We demonstrate high data quality that is comparable across groups, with a relatively large sample of well-characterized participants, and use Bayesian statistics to corroborate the lack of any group differences. We conclude that levels of GABA and Glx (glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione) in the sensory and sensorimotor cortex, as measured with MRS at 3T, are comparable in adults with autism and neurotypical individuals. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1111-1129. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: ?-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the human brain, respectively, and their balanced interaction is necessary for neural function. Previous research suggests that the GABA and glutamate systems might be altered in autism. In this study, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure concentrations of these neurotransmitters in the sensory areas in the brains of young adults with autism. In contradiction to the common hypothesis of reduced GABA in autism, we demonstrate that concentrations of both GABA and glutamate, in all the brain regions examined, are comparable in individuals with autism and in neurotypical adults. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2300 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Concentrations of Cortical GABA and Glutamate in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tamar KOLODNY, Auteur ; Michael-Paul SCHALLMO, Auteur ; Jennifer GERDTS, Auteur ; Richard A. E. EDDEN, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; Scott O. MURRAY, Auteur . - p.1111-1129. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1111-1129 Mots-clés : auditory cortex  autism spectrum disorders  glutamate  magnetic resonance spectroscopy  sensorimotor cortex  visual cortex  ?-aminobutyric acid Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The balance of excitation and inhibition in neural circuits is hypothesized to be increased in autism spectrum disorder, possibly mediated by altered signaling of the inhibitory neurotransmitter ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA), yet empirical evidence in humans is inconsistent. We used edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify signals associated with both GABA and the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in multiple regions of the sensory and sensorimotor cortex, including primary visual, auditory, and motor areas in adult individuals with autism and in neurotypical controls. Despite the strong a priori hypothesis of reduced GABA in autism spectrum disorder, we found no group differences in neurometabolite concentrations in any of the examined regions and no correlations of MRS measure with psychophysical visual sensitivity or autism symptomatology. We demonstrate high data quality that is comparable across groups, with a relatively large sample of well-characterized participants, and use Bayesian statistics to corroborate the lack of any group differences. We conclude that levels of GABA and Glx (glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione) in the sensory and sensorimotor cortex, as measured with MRS at 3T, are comparable in adults with autism and neurotypical individuals. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1111-1129. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: ?-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the human brain, respectively, and their balanced interaction is necessary for neural function. Previous research suggests that the GABA and glutamate systems might be altered in autism. In this study, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure concentrations of these neurotransmitters in the sensory areas in the brains of young adults with autism. In contradiction to the common hypothesis of reduced GABA in autism, we demonstrate that concentrations of both GABA and glutamate, in all the brain regions examined, are comparable in individuals with autism and in neurotypical adults. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2300 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

From Toddlerhood to Adolescence, Trajectories and Predictors of Outcome: Long-Term Follow-Up Study in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Ditza A. ZACHOR in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1130-1143 Titre : From Toddlerhood to Adolescence, Trajectories and Predictors of Outcome: Long-Term Follow-Up Study in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ditza A. ZACHOR, Auteur ; Esther BEN-ITZCHAK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1130-1143 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd  adolescents  anxiety  behavioral measurement  intellectual ability  longitudinal data analysis  toddlerhood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study is one of a very few prospective long-term studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study compared outcome trajectories in three adolescent groups (T2): "best outcome" (BO, n = 11) did not meet cut-off points for ASD and IQ scores ?85; high functioning (HF-ASD, n = 14); and lower functioning (LF-ASD, n = 43). Additionally, the study searched for characteristics at toddlerhood (T1) that may predict belonging to the above groups. The study included 68 adolescents (63 males) diagnosed with ASD at toddlerhood (mean age: 13:10?years), mean follow-up time was 11:7?years. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments at T1 and T2. Different trajectories were found for the three defined groups. The BO group improved significantly in cognitive ability, autism severity, and adaptive skills in comparison to no improvement for the LF-ASD group or partial progress for the HF-ASD group. At toddlerhood, better cognition and less severe autism social affect symptoms were generally associated with a better outcome. Early social behaviors including better "pointing," "facial expression directed to others," "showing," and "response to joint attention" were associated with membership in the BO group. In addition, the BO group had the lowest prevalence of significant T2 inattention and anxiety symptoms. No significant differences between the three outcome groups were noted in the birth and prevalence of medical problems. Higher cognitive ability and better T1 showing and pointing behaviors predicted better outcome. The study points to the change in autism severity over time and to the prognostic value of early developmental abilities, social engagement behaviors, and the existence of comorbidities. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1130-1143. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. LAY SUMMARY: This long-term study compared characteristics of toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in three outcome groups in adolescence: best outcome (BO-average IQ/not meeting criteria for ASD), high-functioning ASD, and low-functioning ASD (LF-ASD). At toddlerhood, the BO group displayed less severe autism symptoms, mostly in sharing interests, compared to the LF-ASD group. The BO group had fewer inattention and anxiety symptoms than the two ASD groups. Additionally, early cognitive level and social engagement behaviors predicted outcome in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] From Toddlerhood to Adolescence, Trajectories and Predictors of Outcome: Long-Term Follow-Up Study in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ditza A. ZACHOR, Auteur ; Esther BEN-ITZCHAK, Auteur . - p.1130-1143. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1130-1143 Mots-clés : Adhd  adolescents  anxiety  behavioral measurement  intellectual ability  longitudinal data analysis  toddlerhood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study is one of a very few prospective long-term studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study compared outcome trajectories in three adolescent groups (T2): "best outcome" (BO, n = 11) did not meet cut-off points for ASD and IQ scores ?85; high functioning (HF-ASD, n = 14); and lower functioning (LF-ASD, n = 43). Additionally, the study searched for characteristics at toddlerhood (T1) that may predict belonging to the above groups. The study included 68 adolescents (63 males) diagnosed with ASD at toddlerhood (mean age: 13:10?years), mean follow-up time was 11:7?years. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments at T1 and T2. Different trajectories were found for the three defined groups. The BO group improved significantly in cognitive ability, autism severity, and adaptive skills in comparison to no improvement for the LF-ASD group or partial progress for the HF-ASD group. At toddlerhood, better cognition and less severe autism social affect symptoms were generally associated with a better outcome. Early social behaviors including better "pointing," "facial expression directed to others," "showing," and "response to joint attention" were associated with membership in the BO group. In addition, the BO group had the lowest prevalence of significant T2 inattention and anxiety symptoms. No significant differences between the three outcome groups were noted in the birth and prevalence of medical problems. Higher cognitive ability and better T1 showing and pointing behaviors predicted better outcome. The study points to the change in autism severity over time and to the prognostic value of early developmental abilities, social engagement behaviors, and the existence of comorbidities. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1130-1143. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. LAY SUMMARY: This long-term study compared characteristics of toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in three outcome groups in adolescence: best outcome (BO-average IQ/not meeting criteria for ASD), high-functioning ASD, and low-functioning ASD (LF-ASD). At toddlerhood, the BO group displayed less severe autism symptoms, mostly in sharing interests, compared to the LF-ASD group. The BO group had fewer inattention and anxiety symptoms than the two ASD groups. Additionally, early cognitive level and social engagement behaviors predicted outcome in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

The Relation Between Preference for Predictability and Autistic Traits / Judith GORIS in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1144-1154 Titre : The Relation Between Preference for Predictability and Autistic Traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Charlotte CAMBIER, Auteur ; Jeroen DELPLANQUE, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1144-1154 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  autism  insistence on sameness  predictability  preference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A common idea about individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is that they have an above-average preference for predictability and sameness. However, surprisingly little research has gone toward this core symptom, and some studies suggest the preference for predictability in ASD might be less general than commonly assumed. Here, we investigated this important symptom of ASD using three different paradigms, which allowed us to measure preference for predictability under well-controlled experimental conditions. Specifically, we used a dimensional approach by investigating correlations between autistic traits (as measured with the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and Social Responsiveness Scale in a neurotypical population) and the scores on three different tasks. The "music preference" task assessed preferences for tone sequences that varied in predictability. The "perceptual fluency" task required participants to evaluate stimuli that were preceded by a similar versus dissimilar subliminally presented prime. The "gambling" task presented four decks of cards that had equal outcome probabilities but varied in predictability. We observed positive correlations between autistic traits and a preference for predictability in both the music preference and perceptual fluency task. We did not find our hypothesized correlation with gambling behavior but did observe a post hoc correlation showing that participants with more autistic traits were faster to choose the predictable deck. Together, these findings show that a relation between autistic traits and preference for predictability can be observed in a standardized lab environment, and should be considered an important first step toward a better, more mechanistic understanding of insistence on sameness in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1144-1154. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: A core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a strong preference for predictability, but little research has gone toward it. We show that neurotypical adults with more autistic traits have stronger preferences for predictable tunes, evaluate images that can be predicted as more beautiful, and are faster in choosing a gambling option resulting in predictable reward. These results offer the first important evidence that insistence on sameness in ASD can be studied in controlled lab settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2244 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] The Relation Between Preference for Predictability and Autistic Traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Charlotte CAMBIER, Auteur ; Jeroen DELPLANQUE, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur . - p.1144-1154. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1144-1154 Mots-clés : Asd  autism  insistence on sameness  predictability  preference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A common idea about individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is that they have an above-average preference for predictability and sameness. However, surprisingly little research has gone toward this core symptom, and some studies suggest the preference for predictability in ASD might be less general than commonly assumed. Here, we investigated this important symptom of ASD using three different paradigms, which allowed us to measure preference for predictability under well-controlled experimental conditions. Specifically, we used a dimensional approach by investigating correlations between autistic traits (as measured with the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and Social Responsiveness Scale in a neurotypical population) and the scores on three different tasks. The "music preference" task assessed preferences for tone sequences that varied in predictability. The "perceptual fluency" task required participants to evaluate stimuli that were preceded by a similar versus dissimilar subliminally presented prime. The "gambling" task presented four decks of cards that had equal outcome probabilities but varied in predictability. We observed positive correlations between autistic traits and a preference for predictability in both the music preference and perceptual fluency task. We did not find our hypothesized correlation with gambling behavior but did observe a post hoc correlation showing that participants with more autistic traits were faster to choose the predictable deck. Together, these findings show that a relation between autistic traits and preference for predictability can be observed in a standardized lab environment, and should be considered an important first step toward a better, more mechanistic understanding of insistence on sameness in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1144-1154. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: A core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a strong preference for predictability, but little research has gone toward it. We show that neurotypical adults with more autistic traits have stronger preferences for predictable tunes, evaluate images that can be predicted as more beautiful, and are faster in choosing a gambling option resulting in predictable reward. These results offer the first important evidence that insistence on sameness in ASD can be studied in controlled lab settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2244 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Identifying Language and Cognitive Profiles in Children With ASD via a Cluster Analysis Exploration: Implications for the New ICD-11 / Silvia SILLERESI in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1155-1167 Titre : Identifying Language and Cognitive Profiles in Children With ASD via a Cluster Analysis Exploration: Implications for the New ICD-11 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Silvia SILLERESI, Auteur ; Philippe PREVOST, Auteur ; Racha ZEBIB, Auteur ; Frédérique BONNET-BRILHAULT, Auteur ; Donatello CONTE, Auteur ; Laurice TULLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1155-1167 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  Icd-11  cluster analysis  nonverbal cognitive abilities  profiles  structural language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The new version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) mentions the existence of four different profiles in the verbal part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), describing them as combinations of either spared or impaired functional language and intellectual abilities. The aim of the present study was to put ASD heterogeneity to the forefront by exploring whether clear profiles related to language and intellectual abilities emerge when investigation is extended to the entire spectrum, focusing on verbal children. Our study proposed a systematic investigation of both language (specifically, structural language abilities) and intellectual abilities (specifically, nonverbal cognitive abilities) in 51 6- to 12-year-old verbal children with ASD based on explicitly motivated measures. For structural language abilities, sentence repetition and nonword repetition tasks were selected; for nonverbal cognitive abilities, we chose Raven's Progressive Matrices, as well as Matrix Reasoning and Block Design from the Wechsler Scales. An integrative approach based on cluster analyses revealed five distinct profiles. Among these five profiles, all four logically possible combinations of structural language and nonverbal abilities mentioned in the ICD-11 were detected. Three profiles emerged among children with normal language abilities and two emerged among language-impaired children. Crucially, the existence of discrepant profiles of abilities suggests that children with ASD can display impaired language in presence of spared nonverbal intelligence or spared language in the presence of impaired nonverbal intelligence, reinforcing the hypothesis of the existence of a separate language module in the brain. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1155-1167. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The present work put Autism Spectrum Disorder heterogeneity to the forefront by exploring whether clear profiles related to language and cognitive abilities emerge when investigation is extended to the entire spectrum (focusing on verbal children). The use of explicitly motivated measures of both language and cognitive abilities and of an unsupervised machine learning approach, the cluster analysis, (a) confirmed the existence of all four logically possible profiles evoked in the new ICD-11, (b) evoked the existence of (at least) a fifth profile of language/cognitive abilities, and (c) reinforced the hypothesis of a language module in the brain. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2268 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Identifying Language and Cognitive Profiles in Children With ASD via a Cluster Analysis Exploration: Implications for the New ICD-11 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Silvia SILLERESI, Auteur ; Philippe PREVOST, Auteur ; Racha ZEBIB, Auteur ; Frédérique BONNET-BRILHAULT, Auteur ; Donatello CONTE, Auteur ; Laurice TULLER, Auteur . - p.1155-1167. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1155-1167 Mots-clés : Asd  Icd-11  cluster analysis  nonverbal cognitive abilities  profiles  structural language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The new version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) mentions the existence of four different profiles in the verbal part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), describing them as combinations of either spared or impaired functional language and intellectual abilities. The aim of the present study was to put ASD heterogeneity to the forefront by exploring whether clear profiles related to language and intellectual abilities emerge when investigation is extended to the entire spectrum, focusing on verbal children. Our study proposed a systematic investigation of both language (specifically, structural language abilities) and intellectual abilities (specifically, nonverbal cognitive abilities) in 51 6- to 12-year-old verbal children with ASD based on explicitly motivated measures. For structural language abilities, sentence repetition and nonword repetition tasks were selected; for nonverbal cognitive abilities, we chose Raven's Progressive Matrices, as well as Matrix Reasoning and Block Design from the Wechsler Scales. An integrative approach based on cluster analyses revealed five distinct profiles. Among these five profiles, all four logically possible combinations of structural language and nonverbal abilities mentioned in the ICD-11 were detected. Three profiles emerged among children with normal language abilities and two emerged among language-impaired children. Crucially, the existence of discrepant profiles of abilities suggests that children with ASD can display impaired language in presence of spared nonverbal intelligence or spared language in the presence of impaired nonverbal intelligence, reinforcing the hypothesis of the existence of a separate language module in the brain. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1155-1167. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The present work put Autism Spectrum Disorder heterogeneity to the forefront by exploring whether clear profiles related to language and cognitive abilities emerge when investigation is extended to the entire spectrum (focusing on verbal children). The use of explicitly motivated measures of both language and cognitive abilities and of an unsupervised machine learning approach, the cluster analysis, (a) confirmed the existence of all four logically possible profiles evoked in the new ICD-11, (b) evoked the existence of (at least) a fifth profile of language/cognitive abilities, and (c) reinforced the hypothesis of a language module in the brain. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2268 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Reciprocal Influences Between Parent Input and Child Language Skills in Dyads Involving High- and Low-Risk Infants for Autism Spectrum Disorder / Boin CHOI in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1168-1183 Titre : Reciprocal Influences Between Parent Input and Child Language Skills in Dyads Involving High- and Low-Risk Infants for Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Boin CHOI, Auteur ; Charles A. NELSON, Auteur ; Meredith L. ROWE, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1168-1183 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  infant siblings  language  parent input Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the language input of parents of infants at high and low familial risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and investigated reciprocal associations between parent input and child language skills in the first 2?years of life. Parent-infant dyads (high-risk: n = 53; low-risk: n = 33), 19 of whom included an infant later diagnosed with ASD, were videotaped during free play interactions at 12, 18, and 24?months. Measures of parent input were derived from parent-child interactions. Children's language skills were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at 12, 18, and 24?months. Results suggested that (a) parents of high- and low-risk infants produced similar word tokens, word types, and proportions of contingent verbal responses, but parents of high-risk infants used shorter mean length of utterances (MLU) than parents of low-risk infants at 18 and 24?months; (b) parents' MLU at 18?months was positively associated with their infants' language at the subsequent visit after 6?months, regardless of group; and (c) infants' language at 18?months was positively associated with parents' MLU at the subsequent visit after 6?months in the high-risk group only. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying early language learning of high-risk infants who have an increased risk for language delays and deficits. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1168-1183. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Parents provide an important source of language input to their children. In this study, we looked at parent input to infants at high- and low-risk for autism spectrum disorder and relations between parent input and child language in the first 2?years of life. We found that parents of high- and low-risk infants provided similar quantity and quality of input, except shorter average length of utterances at 18 and 24?months in the high-risk group. Also, there were bidirectional relations between parent input and child language at 18 and 24?months in high-risk pairs, suggesting that parents and children collectively shape the early language environment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2270 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Reciprocal Influences Between Parent Input and Child Language Skills in Dyads Involving High- and Low-Risk Infants for Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Boin CHOI, Auteur ; Charles A. NELSON, Auteur ; Meredith L. ROWE, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - p.1168-1183. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1168-1183 Mots-clés : autism  infant siblings  language  parent input Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the language input of parents of infants at high and low familial risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and investigated reciprocal associations between parent input and child language skills in the first 2?years of life. Parent-infant dyads (high-risk: n = 53; low-risk: n = 33), 19 of whom included an infant later diagnosed with ASD, were videotaped during free play interactions at 12, 18, and 24?months. Measures of parent input were derived from parent-child interactions. Children's language skills were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at 12, 18, and 24?months. Results suggested that (a) parents of high- and low-risk infants produced similar word tokens, word types, and proportions of contingent verbal responses, but parents of high-risk infants used shorter mean length of utterances (MLU) than parents of low-risk infants at 18 and 24?months; (b) parents' MLU at 18?months was positively associated with their infants' language at the subsequent visit after 6?months, regardless of group; and (c) infants' language at 18?months was positively associated with parents' MLU at the subsequent visit after 6?months in the high-risk group only. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying early language learning of high-risk infants who have an increased risk for language delays and deficits. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1168-1183. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Parents provide an important source of language input to their children. In this study, we looked at parent input to infants at high- and low-risk for autism spectrum disorder and relations between parent input and child language in the first 2?years of life. We found that parents of high- and low-risk infants provided similar quantity and quality of input, except shorter average length of utterances at 18 and 24?months in the high-risk group. Also, there were bidirectional relations between parent input and child language at 18 and 24?months in high-risk pairs, suggesting that parents and children collectively shape the early language environment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2270 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Does the Factor Structure of IQ Differ Between the Differential Ability Scales (DAS-II) Normative Sample and Autistic Children? / Caitlin C. CLEMENTS in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1184-1194 Titre : Does the Factor Structure of IQ Differ Between the Differential Ability Scales (DAS-II) Normative Sample and Autistic Children? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Caitlin C. CLEMENTS, Auteur ; Marley W. WATKINS, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; Benjamin E YERYS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1184-1194 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  autistic disorder  educational psychology  factor analysis  intelligence  psychometrics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Differential Abilities Scales, 2nd edition (DAS-II) is frequently used to assess intelligence in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it remains unknown whether the DAS-II measurement model (e.g., factor structure, loadings), which was developed on a normative sample, holds for the autistic population or requires alternative score interpretations. We obtained DAS-II data from 1,316 autistic individuals in the Simons Simplex Consortium and 2,400 individuals in the normative data set. We combined ASD and normative data sets for multigroup confirmatory factor analyses to assess different levels of measurement invariance, or how well the same measurement model fit both data sets: "weak" or metric, "strong" or scalar, and partial scalar if full scalar was not achieved. A weak invariance model showed excellent fit (Confirmatory Fit Index [CFI]?>?0.995, Tucker Lewis Index [TLI]?>?0.995, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2285 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Does the Factor Structure of IQ Differ Between the Differential Ability Scales (DAS-II) Normative Sample and Autistic Children? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Caitlin C. CLEMENTS, Auteur ; Marley W. WATKINS, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; Benjamin E YERYS, Auteur . - p.1184-1194. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1184-1194 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  autistic disorder  educational psychology  factor analysis  intelligence  psychometrics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Differential Abilities Scales, 2nd edition (DAS-II) is frequently used to assess intelligence in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it remains unknown whether the DAS-II measurement model (e.g., factor structure, loadings), which was developed on a normative sample, holds for the autistic population or requires alternative score interpretations. We obtained DAS-II data from 1,316 autistic individuals in the Simons Simplex Consortium and 2,400 individuals in the normative data set. We combined ASD and normative data sets for multigroup confirmatory factor analyses to assess different levels of measurement invariance, or how well the same measurement model fit both data sets: "weak" or metric, "strong" or scalar, and partial scalar if full scalar was not achieved. A weak invariance model showed excellent fit (Confirmatory Fit Index [CFI]?>?0.995, Tucker Lewis Index [TLI]?>?0.995, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2285 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Multi-informant International Perspectives on the Facilitators and Barriers to Employment for Autistic Adults / Melissa H. BLACK in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1195-1214 Titre : Multi-informant International Perspectives on the Facilitators and Barriers to Employment for Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melissa H. BLACK, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; Benjamin MILBOURN, Auteur ; Melissa SCOTT, Auteur ; Alan GERBER, Auteur ; Christopher ESPOSITO, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Matthew D LERNER, Auteur ; Alycia K. HALLADAY, Auteur ; Eva STRÖM, Auteur ; Axel D'ANGELO, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Sonya GIRDLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1195-1214 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism  cross-cultural  employment  key stakeholders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Employment rates for autistic individuals are poor, even compared to those from other disability groups. Internationally, there remains limited understanding of the factors influencing employment across the stages of preparing for, gaining, and maintaining employment. This is the third in a series of studies conducted as part of an International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) policy brief intended to improve employment outcomes for autistic individuals. A multi-informant international survey with five key stakeholder groups, including autistic individuals, their families, employers, service providers, and researchers, was undertaken in Australia, Sweden, and the United States to understand the facilitators and barriers to employment for autistic adults. A total of 687 individuals participated, including autistic individuals (n = 246), family members (n = 233), employers (n = 35), clinicians/service providers (n = 123), and researchers (n = 50). Perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to employment differed significantly across both key stakeholder groups and countries, however, ensuring a good job match and focusing on strengths were identified by all groups as important for success. Key barriers to employment included stigma, a lack of understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and communication difficulties. Results suggest that a holistic approach to employment for autistic individuals is required, aimed at facilitating communication between key stakeholders, addressing attitudes and understanding of ASD in the workplace, using strength-based approaches and providing early work experience. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1195-1214. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic individuals experience significant difficulty getting and keeping a job. This article presents a survey study involving autistic individuals, their families, employers, service providers and researchers in Australia, Sweden, and the United States to understand their perspectives on the factors that support or act as barriers to employment. While perspectives varied across key stakeholders, strategies such as using a holistic approach, targeting workplace attitudes and understanding, focusing on strengths, and providing early work experience are important for success. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2288 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Multi-informant International Perspectives on the Facilitators and Barriers to Employment for Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melissa H. BLACK, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; Benjamin MILBOURN, Auteur ; Melissa SCOTT, Auteur ; Alan GERBER, Auteur ; Christopher ESPOSITO, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Matthew D LERNER, Auteur ; Alycia K. HALLADAY, Auteur ; Eva STRÖM, Auteur ; Axel D'ANGELO, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Sonya GIRDLER, Auteur . - p.1195-1214. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1195-1214 Mots-clés : adults  autism  cross-cultural  employment  key stakeholders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Employment rates for autistic individuals are poor, even compared to those from other disability groups. Internationally, there remains limited understanding of the factors influencing employment across the stages of preparing for, gaining, and maintaining employment. This is the third in a series of studies conducted as part of an International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) policy brief intended to improve employment outcomes for autistic individuals. A multi-informant international survey with five key stakeholder groups, including autistic individuals, their families, employers, service providers, and researchers, was undertaken in Australia, Sweden, and the United States to understand the facilitators and barriers to employment for autistic adults. A total of 687 individuals participated, including autistic individuals (n = 246), family members (n = 233), employers (n = 35), clinicians/service providers (n = 123), and researchers (n = 50). Perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to employment differed significantly across both key stakeholder groups and countries, however, ensuring a good job match and focusing on strengths were identified by all groups as important for success. Key barriers to employment included stigma, a lack of understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and communication difficulties. Results suggest that a holistic approach to employment for autistic individuals is required, aimed at facilitating communication between key stakeholders, addressing attitudes and understanding of ASD in the workplace, using strength-based approaches and providing early work experience. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1195-1214. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic individuals experience significant difficulty getting and keeping a job. This article presents a survey study involving autistic individuals, their families, employers, service providers and researchers in Australia, Sweden, and the United States to understand their perspectives on the factors that support or act as barriers to employment. While perspectives varied across key stakeholders, strategies such as using a holistic approach, targeting workplace attitudes and understanding, focusing on strengths, and providing early work experience are important for success. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2288 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Abnormal Gait Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Correlations with Social Impairments / Linlin GONG in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1215-1226 Titre : Abnormal Gait Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Correlations with Social Impairments Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Linlin GONG, Auteur ; Yajie LIU, Auteur ; Li YI, Auteur ; Jing FANG, Auteur ; Yisheng YANG, Auteur ; Kunlin WEI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1215-1226 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  gait  motor coordination  motor deficits  social impairments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Ground walking in humans is typically stable, symmetrical, characterized by smooth heel-to-toe ground contact. Previous studies on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identified various gait abnormalities. However, they produced inconsistent findings, particularly for the occurrence of toe walking and gait symmetry between feet, owing to their reliance on retrospective reports, visual analysis of videos, or kinematic analysis of the gait. The present study examined gait functions in children with ASD using plantar pressure that quantified foot-ground interaction with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Fifty-eight 4-6-year-old children with ASD (12 low-functioning and 46 high-functioning autism) and 28 age-matched typically developed children walked straight 6 m at their preferred speed for 10 repetitions. We found that both ASD groups walked with more flat-footed contact pattern, more left-right asymmetry, and larger step-to-step variability than their controls. Furthermore, these abnormal gait characteristics were related to social impairments measured by the Autism Spectrum Quotient and Social Responsive Scale, supporting a close association between impaired motor coordination and core symptoms of autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1215-1226. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined gait functions among children with autism by measuring their foot plantar pressure during simple straight walking. Children with ASD walked with a characteristic foot-ground contact pattern with inappropriate contact forces and large step-to-step variability when compared with their age-matched controls. These walking abnormalities were dependent on their social impairments but independent from their intelligence, indicating a close relationship between atypical motor coordination and core symptoms of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2302 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Abnormal Gait Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Correlations with Social Impairments [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Linlin GONG, Auteur ; Yajie LIU, Auteur ; Li YI, Auteur ; Jing FANG, Auteur ; Yisheng YANG, Auteur ; Kunlin WEI, Auteur . - p.1215-1226. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1215-1226 Mots-clés : autism  gait  motor coordination  motor deficits  social impairments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Ground walking in humans is typically stable, symmetrical, characterized by smooth heel-to-toe ground contact. Previous studies on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identified various gait abnormalities. However, they produced inconsistent findings, particularly for the occurrence of toe walking and gait symmetry between feet, owing to their reliance on retrospective reports, visual analysis of videos, or kinematic analysis of the gait. The present study examined gait functions in children with ASD using plantar pressure that quantified foot-ground interaction with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Fifty-eight 4-6-year-old children with ASD (12 low-functioning and 46 high-functioning autism) and 28 age-matched typically developed children walked straight 6 m at their preferred speed for 10 repetitions. We found that both ASD groups walked with more flat-footed contact pattern, more left-right asymmetry, and larger step-to-step variability than their controls. Furthermore, these abnormal gait characteristics were related to social impairments measured by the Autism Spectrum Quotient and Social Responsive Scale, supporting a close association between impaired motor coordination and core symptoms of autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1215-1226. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined gait functions among children with autism by measuring their foot plantar pressure during simple straight walking. Children with ASD walked with a characteristic foot-ground contact pattern with inappropriate contact forces and large step-to-step variability when compared with their age-matched controls. These walking abnormalities were dependent on their social impairments but independent from their intelligence, indicating a close relationship between atypical motor coordination and core symptoms of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2302 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Mapping the Relationship between Dysmorphology and Cognitive, Behavioral, and Developmental Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Lin H. TIAN in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1227-1238 Titre : Mapping the Relationship between Dysmorphology and Cognitive, Behavioral, and Developmental Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lin H. TIAN, Auteur ; Lisa D. WIGGINS, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; Marshalyn YEARGIN-ALLSOPP, Auteur ; Patricia M. DIETZ, Auteur ; Arthur S. AYLSWORTH, Auteur ; Ellen R. ELIAS, Auteur ; Julie E. HOOVER-FONG, Auteur ; Naomi J. L. MEEKS, Auteur ; Margaret C. SOUDERS, Auteur ; Anne C. H. TSAI, Auteur ; Elaine H. ZACKAI, Auteur ; Aimee A. ALEXANDER, Auteur ; Nicole F. DOWLING, Auteur ; Stuart K. SHAPIRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1227-1238 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dysmorphic features  dysmorphology severity  intellectual disability  neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies investigating the association between dysmorphology and cognitive, behavioral, and developmental outcomes among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been limited by the binary classification of dysmorphology and lack of comparison groups. We assessed the association using a continuous measure of dysmorphology severity (DS) in preschool children aged 2-5?years (322 with ASD and intellectual disability [ID], 188 with ASD without ID, and 371 without ASD from the general population [POP]). In bivariate analyses, an inverse association between DS and expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, and visual reception skills was observed in children with ASD and ID. An inverse association of DS with fine motor and visual reception skills, but not expressive language and receptive language, was found in children with ASD without ID. No associations were observed in POP children. These results persisted after exclusion of children with known genetic syndromes or major morphologic anomalies. Quantile regression models showed that the inverse relationships remained significant after adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, maternal education, family income, study site, and preterm birth. DS was not associated with autistic traits or autism symptom severity, behaviors, or regression among children with ASD with or without ID. Thus, DS was associated with a global impairment of cognitive functioning in children with ASD and ID, but only with fine motor and visual reception deficits in children with ASD without ID. A better understanding is needed for mechanisms that explain the association between DS and cognitive impairment in children with different disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1227-1238. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined whether having more dysmorphic features (DFs) was related to developmental problems among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with or without intellectual disability (ID), and children without ASD from the general population (POP). Children with ASD and ID had more language, movement, and learning issues as the number of DFs increased. Children with ASD without ID had more movement and learning issues as the number of DFs increased. These relationships were not observed in the POP group. Implications are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2314 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Mapping the Relationship between Dysmorphology and Cognitive, Behavioral, and Developmental Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lin H. TIAN, Auteur ; Lisa D. WIGGINS, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; Marshalyn YEARGIN-ALLSOPP, Auteur ; Patricia M. DIETZ, Auteur ; Arthur S. AYLSWORTH, Auteur ; Ellen R. ELIAS, Auteur ; Julie E. HOOVER-FONG, Auteur ; Naomi J. L. MEEKS, Auteur ; Margaret C. SOUDERS, Auteur ; Anne C. H. TSAI, Auteur ; Elaine H. ZACKAI, Auteur ; Aimee A. ALEXANDER, Auteur ; Nicole F. DOWLING, Auteur ; Stuart K. SHAPIRA, Auteur . - p.1227-1238. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1227-1238 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dysmorphic features  dysmorphology severity  intellectual disability  neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies investigating the association between dysmorphology and cognitive, behavioral, and developmental outcomes among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been limited by the binary classification of dysmorphology and lack of comparison groups. We assessed the association using a continuous measure of dysmorphology severity (DS) in preschool children aged 2-5?years (322 with ASD and intellectual disability [ID], 188 with ASD without ID, and 371 without ASD from the general population [POP]). In bivariate analyses, an inverse association between DS and expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, and visual reception skills was observed in children with ASD and ID. An inverse association of DS with fine motor and visual reception skills, but not expressive language and receptive language, was found in children with ASD without ID. No associations were observed in POP children. These results persisted after exclusion of children with known genetic syndromes or major morphologic anomalies. Quantile regression models showed that the inverse relationships remained significant after adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, maternal education, family income, study site, and preterm birth. DS was not associated with autistic traits or autism symptom severity, behaviors, or regression among children with ASD with or without ID. Thus, DS was associated with a global impairment of cognitive functioning in children with ASD and ID, but only with fine motor and visual reception deficits in children with ASD without ID. A better understanding is needed for mechanisms that explain the association between DS and cognitive impairment in children with different disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1227-1238. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined whether having more dysmorphic features (DFs) was related to developmental problems among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with or without intellectual disability (ID), and children without ASD from the general population (POP). Children with ASD and ID had more language, movement, and learning issues as the number of DFs increased. Children with ASD without ID had more movement and learning issues as the number of DFs increased. These relationships were not observed in the POP group. Implications are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2314 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

INSAR President's Message in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1239-1241 Titre : INSAR President's Message Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.1239-1241 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2343 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] INSAR President's Message [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.1239-1241. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1239-1241 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2343 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429