5HTT genotype moderates the influence of early institutional deprivation on emotional problems in adolescence: evidence from the English and Romanian Adoptee (ERA) study / Robert KUMSTA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-7 (July 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-7 (July 2010) . - p.755-762 Titre : 5HTT genotype moderates the influence of early institutional deprivation on emotional problems in adolescence: evidence from the English and Romanian Adoptee (ERA) study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Celia BECKETT, Auteur ; Jenny CASTLE, Auteur ; Suzanne E. STEVENS, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Keeley-Joanne BROOKES, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.755-762 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Early-institutional-deprivation prospective-longitudinal-study gene–environment-interactions 5-HTTLPR depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: A common polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4, 5HTT) has been repeatedly shown to moderate the influence of childhood adversity and stressful life events on the development of psychopathology. Using data from the English and Romanian Adoptee Study, a prospective-longitudinal study of individuals (n = 125) exposed to severe early institutional deprivation (ID), we tested whether the effect of ID on adolescent emotional problems is moderated by 5HTT genotype and stressful life events in adolescence. Methods: Emotional problems were assessed using questionnaire data (age 11), and on the basis of the CAPA diagnostic interview (age 15). Additionally, the number of stressful life events was measured. Results: There was a significant effect for genotype (p = .003) and a gene × environment interaction (p = .008) that was independent of age at testing. Carriers of the s/l and s/s genotype who experienced severe ID showed the highest emotional problem scores, while l/l homozygotes in the severe ID group showed the lowest overall levels. Furthermore, s/s carriers in the severe ID group who experienced a high number of stressful life events between 11 and 15 years had the largest increases in emotional problem scores, while a low number of stressful life events was associated with the largest decrease (4-way interaction: p = .05). Conclusions: The effects of severe early ID on emotional problems in adolescence are moderated by 5HTT genotype, and influenced by stressful life events in adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02249.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101 [article] 5HTT genotype moderates the influence of early institutional deprivation on emotional problems in adolescence: evidence from the English and Romanian Adoptee (ERA) study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Celia BECKETT, Auteur ; Jenny CASTLE, Auteur ; Suzanne E. STEVENS, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Keeley-Joanne BROOKES, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.755-762. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-7 (July 2010) . - p.755-762 Mots-clés : Early-institutional-deprivation prospective-longitudinal-study gene–environment-interactions 5-HTTLPR depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: A common polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4, 5HTT) has been repeatedly shown to moderate the influence of childhood adversity and stressful life events on the development of psychopathology. Using data from the English and Romanian Adoptee Study, a prospective-longitudinal study of individuals (n = 125) exposed to severe early institutional deprivation (ID), we tested whether the effect of ID on adolescent emotional problems is moderated by 5HTT genotype and stressful life events in adolescence. Methods: Emotional problems were assessed using questionnaire data (age 11), and on the basis of the CAPA diagnostic interview (age 15). Additionally, the number of stressful life events was measured. Results: There was a significant effect for genotype (p = .003) and a gene × environment interaction (p = .008) that was independent of age at testing. Carriers of the s/l and s/s genotype who experienced severe ID showed the highest emotional problem scores, while l/l homozygotes in the severe ID group showed the lowest overall levels. Furthermore, s/s carriers in the severe ID group who experienced a high number of stressful life events between 11 and 15 years had the largest increases in emotional problem scores, while a low number of stressful life events was associated with the largest decrease (4-way interaction: p = .05). Conclusions: The effects of severe early ID on emotional problems in adolescence are moderated by 5HTT genotype, and influenced by stressful life events in adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02249.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101

Early adolescent outcomes for institutionally-deprived and non-deprived adoptees. I: Disinhibited attachment / Michael RUTTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-1 (January 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-1 (January 2007) . - p.17–30 Titre : Early adolescent outcomes for institutionally-deprived and non-deprived adoptees. I: Disinhibited attachment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Suzanne E. STEVENS, Auteur ; Amanda HAWKINS, Auteur ; Christine GROOTHUES, Auteur ; Jenny CASTLE, Auteur ; Celia BECKETT, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.17–30 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Disinhibited-attachment ‘Strange-Situation’ prognosis investigator-ratings institutional-rearing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Disinhibited attachment is an important sequel of an institutional rearing, but questions remain regarding its measurement, its persistence, the specificity of the association with institutional rearing and on whether or not it constitutes a meaningful disorder. Method: Children initially reared in profoundly depriving institutions in Romania and subsequently adopted into UK families were compared with respect to findings at 11 years with children who had not experienced institutional deprivation and who had been adopted within the UK before the age of 6 months. Measures included parental reports, a Strange Situation procedure modified for use in the home and systematic standardised investigator ratings of the children's behaviour. Results: Disinhibited attachment, as reported by parents, showed a high degree of persistence from 6 to 11, but also a reduction over time in its frequency. Investigator ratings validated the parental reports but suggested that much of the fall in rate of disinhibited attachment was a function of the parental measure being less developmentally appropriate at 11 than it had been at 6. Disinhibited attachment was strongly associated with institutional rearing but there was not a significant increase in relation to duration of institutional deprivation beyond the age of 6 months. Mild, but not marked, disinhibited attachment was quite frequent in non-institutionalised adopted children but both the course and correlates indicated that its meaning was probably quite different. In the institution-reared children, disinhibited attachment was associated with a marked increase in service usage and associations with other forms of psychopathology. Conclusions: Disinhibited attachment constitutes a valid, and handicapping, clinical pattern that is strongly associated with an institutional rearing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01688.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=926 [article] Early adolescent outcomes for institutionally-deprived and non-deprived adoptees. I: Disinhibited attachment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Suzanne E. STEVENS, Auteur ; Amanda HAWKINS, Auteur ; Christine GROOTHUES, Auteur ; Jenny CASTLE, Auteur ; Celia BECKETT, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.17–30. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-1 (January 2007) . - p.17–30 Mots-clés : Disinhibited-attachment ‘Strange-Situation’ prognosis investigator-ratings institutional-rearing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Disinhibited attachment is an important sequel of an institutional rearing, but questions remain regarding its measurement, its persistence, the specificity of the association with institutional rearing and on whether or not it constitutes a meaningful disorder. Method: Children initially reared in profoundly depriving institutions in Romania and subsequently adopted into UK families were compared with respect to findings at 11 years with children who had not experienced institutional deprivation and who had been adopted within the UK before the age of 6 months. Measures included parental reports, a Strange Situation procedure modified for use in the home and systematic standardised investigator ratings of the children's behaviour. Results: Disinhibited attachment, as reported by parents, showed a high degree of persistence from 6 to 11, but also a reduction over time in its frequency. Investigator ratings validated the parental reports but suggested that much of the fall in rate of disinhibited attachment was a function of the parental measure being less developmentally appropriate at 11 than it had been at 6. Disinhibited attachment was strongly associated with institutional rearing but there was not a significant increase in relation to duration of institutional deprivation beyond the age of 6 months. Mild, but not marked, disinhibited attachment was quite frequent in non-institutionalised adopted children but both the course and correlates indicated that its meaning was probably quite different. In the institution-reared children, disinhibited attachment was associated with a marked increase in service usage and associations with other forms of psychopathology. Conclusions: Disinhibited attachment constitutes a valid, and handicapping, clinical pattern that is strongly associated with an institutional rearing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01688.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=926

Early adolescent outcomes of institutionally-deprived and non-deprived adoptees. II: Language as a protective factor and a vulnerable outcome / Carla CROFT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-1 (January 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-1 (January 2007) . - p.31–44 Titre : Early adolescent outcomes of institutionally-deprived and non-deprived adoptees. II: Language as a protective factor and a vulnerable outcome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carla CROFT, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Suzanne E. STEVENS, Auteur ; Amanda HAWKINS, Auteur ; Christine GROOTHUES, Auteur ; Jenny CASTLE, Auteur ; Celia BECKETT, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.31–44 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Language cognition institutional-deprivation sensitive-period longitudinal-study resilience intelligence adoption Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is uncertainty about the extent to which language skills are part of general intelligence and even more uncertainty on whether deprivation has differential effects on language and non-language skills. Methods: Language and cognitive outcomes at 6 and 11 years of age were compared between a sample of 132 institution-reared Romanian children adopted into UK families under the age of 42 months, and a sample of 49 children adopted within the UK under the age of 6 months who had not experienced either institutional rearing or profound deprivation. Results: The effects of institutional deprivation were basically similar for language and cognitive outcomes at age 6; in both there were few negative effects of deprivation if it ended before the age of 6 months and there was no linear association with duration of deprivation within the 6 to 42 month range. For the children over 18 months on arrival (range 18–42 months), the presence of even very minimal language skills (imitation of speech sounds) at the time of arrival was a strong beneficial prognostic factor for language and cognitive outcomes, but not for social/emotional/behavioural outcomes. Individual variations in adoptive parent characteristics were unrelated to differences in language or cognitive outcomes, possibly as a consequence of the limited variability in the adoptive family group. Conclusions: Minimal language probably indexes some form of cognitive reserve that, in turn, indexes the degree of institutional deprivation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01689.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=927 [article] Early adolescent outcomes of institutionally-deprived and non-deprived adoptees. II: Language as a protective factor and a vulnerable outcome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carla CROFT, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Suzanne E. STEVENS, Auteur ; Amanda HAWKINS, Auteur ; Christine GROOTHUES, Auteur ; Jenny CASTLE, Auteur ; Celia BECKETT, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.31–44. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-1 (January 2007) . - p.31–44 Mots-clés : Language cognition institutional-deprivation sensitive-period longitudinal-study resilience intelligence adoption Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is uncertainty about the extent to which language skills are part of general intelligence and even more uncertainty on whether deprivation has differential effects on language and non-language skills. Methods: Language and cognitive outcomes at 6 and 11 years of age were compared between a sample of 132 institution-reared Romanian children adopted into UK families under the age of 42 months, and a sample of 49 children adopted within the UK under the age of 6 months who had not experienced either institutional rearing or profound deprivation. Results: The effects of institutional deprivation were basically similar for language and cognitive outcomes at age 6; in both there were few negative effects of deprivation if it ended before the age of 6 months and there was no linear association with duration of deprivation within the 6 to 42 month range. For the children over 18 months on arrival (range 18–42 months), the presence of even very minimal language skills (imitation of speech sounds) at the time of arrival was a strong beneficial prognostic factor for language and cognitive outcomes, but not for social/emotional/behavioural outcomes. Individual variations in adoptive parent characteristics were unrelated to differences in language or cognitive outcomes, possibly as a consequence of the limited variability in the adoptive family group. Conclusions: Minimal language probably indexes some form of cognitive reserve that, in turn, indexes the degree of institutional deprivation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01689.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=927

Early adolescent outcomes of institutionally deprived and non-deprived adoptees. III. Quasi-autism / Michael RUTTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-12 (December 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-12 (December 2007) . - p.1200–1207 Titre : Early adolescent outcomes of institutionally deprived and non-deprived adoptees. III. Quasi-autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Celia BECKETT, Auteur ; Jenny CASTLE, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Carla CROFT, Auteur ; Marianna MURIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1200–1207 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Institutional-care autism adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Some young children reared in profoundly depriving institutions have been found to show autistic-like patterns, but the developmental significance of these features is unknown. Methods: A randomly selected, age-stratified, sample of 144 children who had experienced an institutional upbringing in Romania and who were adopted by UK families was studied at 4, 6, and 11 years, and compared with a non-institutionalised sample of 52 domestic adoptees. Twenty-eight children, all from Romanian institutions, for whom the possibility of quasi-autism had been raised, were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) at the age of 12 years. Results: Sixteen children were found to have a quasi-autistic pattern; a rate of 9.2% in the Romanian institution-reared adoptees with an IQ of at least 50 as compared with 0% in the domestic adoptees. There were a further 12 children with some autistic-like features, but for whom the quasi-autism designation was not confirmed. The follow-up of the children showed that a quarter of the children lost their autistic-like features by 11. Disinhibited attachment and poor peer relationships were also present in over half of the children with quasi-autism. Conclusions: The findings at age 11/12 years confirmed the reality and clinical significance of the quasi-autistic patterns seen in over 1 in 10 of the children who experienced profound institutional deprivation. Although there were important similarities with ‘ordinary’ autism, the dissimilarities suggest a different meaning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01792.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=309 [article] Early adolescent outcomes of institutionally deprived and non-deprived adoptees. III. Quasi-autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Celia BECKETT, Auteur ; Jenny CASTLE, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Carla CROFT, Auteur ; Marianna MURIN, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1200–1207. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-12 (December 2007) . - p.1200–1207 Mots-clés : Institutional-care autism adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Some young children reared in profoundly depriving institutions have been found to show autistic-like patterns, but the developmental significance of these features is unknown. Methods: A randomly selected, age-stratified, sample of 144 children who had experienced an institutional upbringing in Romania and who were adopted by UK families was studied at 4, 6, and 11 years, and compared with a non-institutionalised sample of 52 domestic adoptees. Twenty-eight children, all from Romanian institutions, for whom the possibility of quasi-autism had been raised, were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) at the age of 12 years. Results: Sixteen children were found to have a quasi-autistic pattern; a rate of 9.2% in the Romanian institution-reared adoptees with an IQ of at least 50 as compared with 0% in the domestic adoptees. There were a further 12 children with some autistic-like features, but for whom the quasi-autism designation was not confirmed. The follow-up of the children showed that a quarter of the children lost their autistic-like features by 11. Disinhibited attachment and poor peer relationships were also present in over half of the children with quasi-autism. Conclusions: The findings at age 11/12 years confirmed the reality and clinical significance of the quasi-autistic patterns seen in over 1 in 10 of the children who experienced profound institutional deprivation. Although there were important similarities with ‘ordinary’ autism, the dissimilarities suggest a different meaning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01792.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=309

Emotional difficulties in early adolescence following severe early deprivation: Findings from the English and Romanian adoptees study / Emma COLVERT in Development and Psychopathology, 20-2 (Spring 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 20-2 (Spring 2008) . - p.547-567 Titre : Emotional difficulties in early adolescence following severe early deprivation: Findings from the English and Romanian adoptees study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Suzanne E. STEVENS, Auteur ; Amanda HAWKINS, Auteur ; Christine GROOTHUES, Auteur ; Jenny CASTLE, Auteur ; Celia BECKETT, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.547-567 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study assessed conduct and emotional difficulties in a group of Romanian adoptees at age 11, and serves as a follow-up to assessments made when the children were 6 years old. It was found that there was a significant increase in emotional difficulties, but not conduct problems, for the Romanian sample since age 6. It was also found that emotional difficulty was significantly more prevalent at age 11 in the Romanian group than in a within-UK adoptee group. Emotional difficulties in the Romanian adoptee group were found to be significantly and strongly related to previous deprivation-specific problems (disinhibited attachment, cognitive impairment, inattention/overactivity and quasi-autism); however, the presence of such early problems did not account fully for the onset of later emotional problems. Five contrasting hypotheses concerning possible mediators for later onset of emotional difficulties for the Romanian group were examined. No links were found to duration of deprivation or other deprivation-related indices, stresses/difficulties in the postadoption family environment, or educational attainment and self-esteem. There was some evidence that emotion recognition might play a role in the emergence of these problems, but other measures of social competence and theory of mind showed no associations with the onset of emotional problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000278 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=413 [article] Emotional difficulties in early adolescence following severe early deprivation: Findings from the English and Romanian adoptees study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Suzanne E. STEVENS, Auteur ; Amanda HAWKINS, Auteur ; Christine GROOTHUES, Auteur ; Jenny CASTLE, Auteur ; Celia BECKETT, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.547-567. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 20-2 (Spring 2008) . - p.547-567 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study assessed conduct and emotional difficulties in a group of Romanian adoptees at age 11, and serves as a follow-up to assessments made when the children were 6 years old. It was found that there was a significant increase in emotional difficulties, but not conduct problems, for the Romanian sample since age 6. It was also found that emotional difficulty was significantly more prevalent at age 11 in the Romanian group than in a within-UK adoptee group. Emotional difficulties in the Romanian adoptee group were found to be significantly and strongly related to previous deprivation-specific problems (disinhibited attachment, cognitive impairment, inattention/overactivity and quasi-autism); however, the presence of such early problems did not account fully for the onset of later emotional problems. Five contrasting hypotheses concerning possible mediators for later onset of emotional difficulties for the Romanian group were examined. No links were found to duration of deprivation or other deprivation-related indices, stresses/difficulties in the postadoption family environment, or educational attainment and self-esteem. There was some evidence that emotion recognition might play a role in the emergence of these problems, but other measures of social competence and theory of mind showed no associations with the onset of emotional problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000278 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=413

Prosocial Action in Very Early Childhood / Dale F. HAY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40-6 (September 1999)

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