Disembedding performance and eye gaze behavior of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Melissa H. BLACK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 66 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 66 (October 2019) . - p.101417 Titre : Disembedding performance and eye gaze behavior of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melissa H. BLACK, Auteur ; Sharmila VAZ, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Julia S. Y. TANG, Auteur ; Susan MORRIS, Auteur ; Hoe LEE, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101417 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye tracking  Local bias  Weak central coherence  Enhanced perceptual functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Atypical visual perception in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may contribute to superiority in disembedding tasks. Gaze behavior has provided some insights in to mechanisms underlying this purported superiority in children, however evidence is limited and requires additional investigation. Method The performance and gaze behavior of 27 adolescents with ASD and 27 matched typically developing (TD) peers were examined during the Figure Ground Subtest of the Test of Visual Perception Skills-third edition (TVPS-3). Results Compared to their TD counterparts, adolescents with ASD were no different in accuracy, however, had a longer response time. Differences in gaze behavior were also observed, characterized by adolescents with ASD spending less time viewing the incorrect and target figures, and spending a greater proportion of time viewing irrelevant areas of the stimuli compared to TD adolescents. Conclusions Results suggest that while altered visual perception was observed, this did not contribute to superiority in disembedding tasks in adolescents with ASD. Future research is required to elucidate conditions under which altered visual perception may contribute to behavioral superiority. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101417 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=404 [article] Disembedding performance and eye gaze behavior of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melissa H. BLACK, Auteur ; Sharmila VAZ, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Julia S. Y. TANG, Auteur ; Susan MORRIS, Auteur ; Hoe LEE, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur . - p.101417. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 66 (October 2019) . - p.101417 Mots-clés : Eye tracking  Local bias  Weak central coherence  Enhanced perceptual functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Atypical visual perception in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may contribute to superiority in disembedding tasks. Gaze behavior has provided some insights in to mechanisms underlying this purported superiority in children, however evidence is limited and requires additional investigation. Method The performance and gaze behavior of 27 adolescents with ASD and 27 matched typically developing (TD) peers were examined during the Figure Ground Subtest of the Test of Visual Perception Skills-third edition (TVPS-3). Results Compared to their TD counterparts, adolescents with ASD were no different in accuracy, however, had a longer response time. Differences in gaze behavior were also observed, characterized by adolescents with ASD spending less time viewing the incorrect and target figures, and spending a greater proportion of time viewing irrelevant areas of the stimuli compared to TD adolescents. Conclusions Results suggest that while altered visual perception was observed, this did not contribute to superiority in disembedding tasks in adolescents with ASD. Future research is required to elucidate conditions under which altered visual perception may contribute to behavioral superiority. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101417 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=404

Facial emotion recognition and visual search strategies of children with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome / Denise LEUNG in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-7 (July 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-7 (July 2013) . - p.833-844 Titre : Facial emotion recognition and visual search strategies of children with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.833-844 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Emotion recognition  Eye tracking  Fixations  Fixation durations  Socialisation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger syndrome (AS) are often less able to identify facially expressed emotions than their matched controls. However, results regarding emotion recognition abilities in children with HFA/AS remain equivocal. Emotion recognition ability and visual search strategies of 26 children with HFA/AS and matched controls were compared. An eye tracker measured the number of fixations and fixation durations as participants were shown 12 pairs of slides, displaying photos of faces expressing anger, happiness or surprise. The first slide of each pair showed a face broken up into puzzle pieces. The eyes in half of the puzzle piece slides were bisected, while those in the remaining half were whole. Participants then identified which of three alternative faces was expressing the same emotion shown in the preceding puzzle piece slide. No differences between the participant groups were found for either emotion recognition ability or number of fixations. Both groups fixated more often on the eyes and performed better when the eyes were whole, suggesting that both children with HFA/AS and controls consider the eyes to be the most important source of information during emotion recognition. Fixation durations were longer in the group with HFA/AS, which indicates that while children with HFA/AS may be able to accurately recognise emotions, they find the task more demanding. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.03.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200 [article] Facial emotion recognition and visual search strategies of children with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur . - p.833-844. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-7 (July 2013) . - p.833-844 Mots-clés : Emotion recognition  Eye tracking  Fixations  Fixation durations  Socialisation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger syndrome (AS) are often less able to identify facially expressed emotions than their matched controls. However, results regarding emotion recognition abilities in children with HFA/AS remain equivocal. Emotion recognition ability and visual search strategies of 26 children with HFA/AS and matched controls were compared. An eye tracker measured the number of fixations and fixation durations as participants were shown 12 pairs of slides, displaying photos of faces expressing anger, happiness or surprise. The first slide of each pair showed a face broken up into puzzle pieces. The eyes in half of the puzzle piece slides were bisected, while those in the remaining half were whole. Participants then identified which of three alternative faces was expressing the same emotion shown in the preceding puzzle piece slide. No differences between the participant groups were found for either emotion recognition ability or number of fixations. Both groups fixated more often on the eyes and performed better when the eyes were whole, suggesting that both children with HFA/AS and controls consider the eyes to be the most important source of information during emotion recognition. Fixation durations were longer in the group with HFA/AS, which indicates that while children with HFA/AS may be able to accurately recognise emotions, they find the task more demanding. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.03.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200

Looking through the Same Eyes? Do Teachers’ Participation Ratings Match with Ratings of Students with Autism Spectrum Conditions in Mainstream Schools? / Marita FALKMER in Autism Research and Treatment, (February 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research and Treatment > (February 2012) . - 13 p. Titre : Looking through the Same Eyes? Do Teachers’ Participation Ratings Match with Ratings of Students with Autism Spectrum Conditions in Mainstream Schools? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Mats GRANLUND, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To create an inclusive classroom and act accordingly, teachers’ understanding of the experiences of participation of students with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) is crucial. This understanding may depend on the teachers’ professional experiences, support and personal interests. The aim of the present questionnaire study was to investigate how well the teachers’ ratings of their students with ASCs’ perception of participation matched with the students’ own ratings. Furthermore, possible correlations between the accuracy of teachers’ ratings and the teachers’ self-reported professional experience, support (including support-staff), and personal interest were investigated. Teachers’ ratings were also used to examine how their understandings correlated with classroom actions. The agreements between teachers’ and students’ ratings were moderate to high, and the ability to attune to the students’ perception of participation was not affected by the presence of a support-staff. The teachers’ personal interest in teaching students with ASC correlated with their accuracy, suggesting that this is a factor to consider when planning for successful placements in mainstream schools. Teachers’ understandings of the students with ASCs’ perception of being bullied or unpopular correlated with implementation of activities to improve the attitudes of classmates, but not with actions to enhance social relations for the students with ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/656981 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178 [article] Looking through the Same Eyes? Do Teachers’ Participation Ratings Match with Ratings of Students with Autism Spectrum Conditions in Mainstream Schools? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Mats GRANLUND, Auteur . - 2012 . - 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research and Treatment > (February 2012) . - 13 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To create an inclusive classroom and act accordingly, teachers’ understanding of the experiences of participation of students with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) is crucial. This understanding may depend on the teachers’ professional experiences, support and personal interests. The aim of the present questionnaire study was to investigate how well the teachers’ ratings of their students with ASCs’ perception of participation matched with the students’ own ratings. Furthermore, possible correlations between the accuracy of teachers’ ratings and the teachers’ self-reported professional experience, support (including support-staff), and personal interest were investigated. Teachers’ ratings were also used to examine how their understandings correlated with classroom actions. The agreements between teachers’ and students’ ratings were moderate to high, and the ability to attune to the students’ perception of participation was not affected by the presence of a support-staff. The teachers’ personal interest in teaching students with ASC correlated with their accuracy, suggesting that this is a factor to consider when planning for successful placements in mainstream schools. Teachers’ understandings of the students with ASCs’ perception of being bullied or unpopular correlated with implementation of activities to improve the attitudes of classmates, but not with actions to enhance social relations for the students with ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/656981 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178

The use of psychotropic medications in autistic individuals (21?years and younger) in Western Australia: A preliminary investigation / Kim WATKINS ; Richard PARSONS ; Bruce SUNDERLAND ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE ; Rima CACCETTA in Autism, 28-8 (August 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-8 (August 2024) . - p.2002-2013 Titre : The use of psychotropic medications in autistic individuals (21?years and younger) in Western Australia: A preliminary investigation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kim WATKINS, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Bruce SUNDERLAND, Auteur ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Rima CACCETTA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2002-2013 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescent  antidepressant agents  anxiety  autism spectrum disorder medication  child  depression  mental health  psychotropic  risperidone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a significant variability in the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among young autistic persons worldwide and this is under-studied in Australia. Apart from risperidone, approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration to manage challenging behaviour, the appropriateness of other psychotropic medications prescribed to young autistic persons warrants scrutiny. This retrospective study aims to gain initial insight into the magnitude, types and indications of psychotropic medication use in autistic children and adolescents in Western Australia. We analysed de-identified data from 239 autistic children and adolescents (?21?years) who participated in the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry between 2011 and 2015 and who completed a questionnaire regarding medication use. One-quarter (n = 66, 28%) of young autistic people reported using a total of 137 medications. Most (n = 46, 70%) of those medicated were under 12?years of age; half (n = 33) were 6-12?years and a fifth (n = 13) were under 6?years. The most used medications were stimulants (n = 35, 53.0%), followed by antidepressants (n = 24, 36.4%), antiepileptics (n = 21, 31.8%), sedatives (n = 15, 22.7%) and antipsychotics (n = 14, 21.2%). These medications were mainly to manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, challenging behaviours, seizures, insomnia, undefined anxiety, depression and mood instability. While most autistic young people in the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry did not report using psychotropic medication, over a quarter were prescribed medications, primarily stimulants, to manage symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Various medications, including risperidone, were used to help manage challenging behaviours. Medication use should be studied more comprehensively in a larger cohort of autistic persons to confirm our current preliminary observations. Further, future studies should monitor the effectiveness and safety outcomes of such medications due to a limited understanding of their effectiveness in managing the atypical presentation of co-occurring disorders in young autistic persons. Lay abstract Prescriptions and use of medications to treat mental health conditions in young autistic populations are inconsistent worldwide. This makes it hard to compare findings from international studies to the Australian autistic population, where there are limited relevant studies. Apart from risperidone, there are no other medications specified for direct use in autistic persons. This study aims to gain initial broad understanding of the use of medications, commonly prescribed for mental health conditions, specifically by autistics under the age of 21?years. We analysed data that were previously collected as part of the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry between 2011 and 2015 which amounted to 239 surveys completed on young persons with diagnosed autism. The questionnaires included information on co-occurring conditions, current or previous use of medications and reasons for use of the medications. Only one-quarter of the participants in this study reported using at least one mental health-related medication in their lifetime. The most reported medications were stimulants, antidepressants and antiepileptics. The reasons for using medication included managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, challenging behaviours, seizures, sleep difficulties and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The number of individuals reporting medication use in this study was lower compared to other developed countries. Nevertheless, these medications should be monitored due to limited understanding of their use to manage co-occurring symptoms in young autistic persons. The findings highlight the importance of ongoing research to better understand mental health-related medications and inform best practice. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231226099 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533 [article] The use of psychotropic medications in autistic individuals (21?years and younger) in Western Australia: A preliminary investigation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kim WATKINS, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Bruce SUNDERLAND, Auteur ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Rima CACCETTA, Auteur . - p.2002-2013. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-8 (August 2024) . - p.2002-2013 Mots-clés : adolescent  antidepressant agents  anxiety  autism spectrum disorder medication  child  depression  mental health  psychotropic  risperidone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a significant variability in the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among young autistic persons worldwide and this is under-studied in Australia. Apart from risperidone, approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration to manage challenging behaviour, the appropriateness of other psychotropic medications prescribed to young autistic persons warrants scrutiny. This retrospective study aims to gain initial insight into the magnitude, types and indications of psychotropic medication use in autistic children and adolescents in Western Australia. We analysed de-identified data from 239 autistic children and adolescents (?21?years) who participated in the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry between 2011 and 2015 and who completed a questionnaire regarding medication use. One-quarter (n = 66, 28%) of young autistic people reported using a total of 137 medications. Most (n = 46, 70%) of those medicated were under 12?years of age; half (n = 33) were 6-12?years and a fifth (n = 13) were under 6?years. The most used medications were stimulants (n = 35, 53.0%), followed by antidepressants (n = 24, 36.4%), antiepileptics (n = 21, 31.8%), sedatives (n = 15, 22.7%) and antipsychotics (n = 14, 21.2%). These medications were mainly to manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, challenging behaviours, seizures, insomnia, undefined anxiety, depression and mood instability. While most autistic young people in the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry did not report using psychotropic medication, over a quarter were prescribed medications, primarily stimulants, to manage symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Various medications, including risperidone, were used to help manage challenging behaviours. Medication use should be studied more comprehensively in a larger cohort of autistic persons to confirm our current preliminary observations. Further, future studies should monitor the effectiveness and safety outcomes of such medications due to a limited understanding of their effectiveness in managing the atypical presentation of co-occurring disorders in young autistic persons. Lay abstract Prescriptions and use of medications to treat mental health conditions in young autistic populations are inconsistent worldwide. This makes it hard to compare findings from international studies to the Australian autistic population, where there are limited relevant studies. Apart from risperidone, there are no other medications specified for direct use in autistic persons. This study aims to gain initial broad understanding of the use of medications, commonly prescribed for mental health conditions, specifically by autistics under the age of 21?years. We analysed data that were previously collected as part of the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry between 2011 and 2015 which amounted to 239 surveys completed on young persons with diagnosed autism. The questionnaires included information on co-occurring conditions, current or previous use of medications and reasons for use of the medications. Only one-quarter of the participants in this study reported using at least one mental health-related medication in their lifetime. The most reported medications were stimulants, antidepressants and antiepileptics. The reasons for using medication included managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, challenging behaviours, seizures, sleep difficulties and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The number of individuals reporting medication use in this study was lower compared to other developed countries. Nevertheless, these medications should be monitored due to limited understanding of their use to manage co-occurring symptoms in young autistic persons. The findings highlight the importance of ongoing research to better understand mental health-related medications and inform best practice. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231226099 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533

---

1 (1 - 4 / 4)