Brief Report: Visual Acuity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Matthew A. ALBRECHT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-9 (September 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-9 (September 2014) . - p.2369-2374 Titre : Brief Report: Visual Acuity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matthew A. ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Geoffrey W. STUART, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Jonathan K. FOSTER, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2369-2374 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger syndrome  Case control study  ETDRS  High functioning autism  Perception  Vision Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recently, there has been heightened interest in suggestions of enhanced visual acuity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which was sparked by evidence that was later accepted to be methodologically flawed. However, a recent study that claimed children with ASD have enhanced visual acuity (Brosnan et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 42:2491–2497, 2012) repeated a critical methodological flaw by using an inappropriate viewing distance for a computerised acuity test, placing the findings in doubt. We examined visual acuity in 31 children with ASD and 33 controls using the 2 m 2000 Series Revised Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart placed at twice the conventional distance to better evaluate possible enhanced acuity. Children with ASD did not demonstrate superior acuity. The current findings strengthen the argument that reports of enhanced acuity in ASD are due to methodological flaws and challenges the reported association between visual acuity and systemising type behaviours. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2086-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Brief Report: Visual Acuity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matthew A. ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Geoffrey W. STUART, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Jonathan K. FOSTER, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur . - p.2369-2374. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-9 (September 2014) . - p.2369-2374 Mots-clés : Asperger syndrome  Case control study  ETDRS  High functioning autism  Perception  Vision Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recently, there has been heightened interest in suggestions of enhanced visual acuity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which was sparked by evidence that was later accepted to be methodologically flawed. However, a recent study that claimed children with ASD have enhanced visual acuity (Brosnan et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 42:2491–2497, 2012) repeated a critical methodological flaw by using an inappropriate viewing distance for a computerised acuity test, placing the findings in doubt. We examined visual acuity in 31 children with ASD and 33 controls using the 2 m 2000 Series Revised Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart placed at twice the conventional distance to better evaluate possible enhanced acuity. Children with ASD did not demonstrate superior acuity. The current findings strengthen the argument that reports of enhanced acuity in ASD are due to methodological flaws and challenges the reported association between visual acuity and systemising type behaviours. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2086-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Facial emotion recognition and visual search strategies of children with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome / Denise LEUNG in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-7 (July 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-7 (July 2013) . - p.833-844 Titre : Facial emotion recognition and visual search strategies of children with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.833-844 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Emotion recognition  Eye tracking  Fixations  Fixation durations  Socialisation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger syndrome (AS) are often less able to identify facially expressed emotions than their matched controls. However, results regarding emotion recognition abilities in children with HFA/AS remain equivocal. Emotion recognition ability and visual search strategies of 26 children with HFA/AS and matched controls were compared. An eye tracker measured the number of fixations and fixation durations as participants were shown 12 pairs of slides, displaying photos of faces expressing anger, happiness or surprise. The first slide of each pair showed a face broken up into puzzle pieces. The eyes in half of the puzzle piece slides were bisected, while those in the remaining half were whole. Participants then identified which of three alternative faces was expressing the same emotion shown in the preceding puzzle piece slide. No differences between the participant groups were found for either emotion recognition ability or number of fixations. Both groups fixated more often on the eyes and performed better when the eyes were whole, suggesting that both children with HFA/AS and controls consider the eyes to be the most important source of information during emotion recognition. Fixation durations were longer in the group with HFA/AS, which indicates that while children with HFA/AS may be able to accurately recognise emotions, they find the task more demanding. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.03.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200 [article] Facial emotion recognition and visual search strategies of children with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur . - p.833-844. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-7 (July 2013) . - p.833-844 Mots-clés : Emotion recognition  Eye tracking  Fixations  Fixation durations  Socialisation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger syndrome (AS) are often less able to identify facially expressed emotions than their matched controls. However, results regarding emotion recognition abilities in children with HFA/AS remain equivocal. Emotion recognition ability and visual search strategies of 26 children with HFA/AS and matched controls were compared. An eye tracker measured the number of fixations and fixation durations as participants were shown 12 pairs of slides, displaying photos of faces expressing anger, happiness or surprise. The first slide of each pair showed a face broken up into puzzle pieces. The eyes in half of the puzzle piece slides were bisected, while those in the remaining half were whole. Participants then identified which of three alternative faces was expressing the same emotion shown in the preceding puzzle piece slide. No differences between the participant groups were found for either emotion recognition ability or number of fixations. Both groups fixated more often on the eyes and performed better when the eyes were whole, suggesting that both children with HFA/AS and controls consider the eyes to be the most important source of information during emotion recognition. Fixation durations were longer in the group with HFA/AS, which indicates that while children with HFA/AS may be able to accurately recognise emotions, they find the task more demanding. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.03.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200

The influence of static versus naturalistic stimuli on face processing in children with and without Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism / Chiara HORLIN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-12 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-12 (December 2013) . - p.1617-1624 Titre : The influence of static versus naturalistic stimuli on face processing in children with and without Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chiara HORLIN, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Patrick FITZGERALD, Auteur ; Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1617-1624 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Face processing  ASD  Eye-tracking  Dynamic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Questions regarding the use of static or dynamic facial stimuli in experimental studies investigating facial processing of individuals with AS/HFA raises issues of both ecological validity and the applicability of experimental findings to clinical or everyday practice. Children with and without AS/HFA (n = 38) were fitted with a head-mounted eye-tracker and exposed to either static or interactive dynamic facial stimuli. Average fixation duration, the proportion of fixations in areas of interest and a comparative index that was independent of differences in presentation length between stimuli types were calculated. Visual scanning patterns of individuals with AS/HFA were not affected by stimuli type. However, control participants exhibited different scanning patterns between dynamic and static stimuli for certain regions of the face. Visual scanning patterns in children with AS/HFA are consistent regardless of the stimuli being a static photo or dynamic in the form of a real face. Hence, information from experimental studies with static photos of faces provide information that is valid and can be generalised to “real world” interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.09.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=219 [article] The influence of static versus naturalistic stimuli on face processing in children with and without Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chiara HORLIN, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Patrick FITZGERALD, Auteur ; Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur . - p.1617-1624. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-12 (December 2013) . - p.1617-1624 Mots-clés : Face processing  ASD  Eye-tracking  Dynamic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Questions regarding the use of static or dynamic facial stimuli in experimental studies investigating facial processing of individuals with AS/HFA raises issues of both ecological validity and the applicability of experimental findings to clinical or everyday practice. Children with and without AS/HFA (n = 38) were fitted with a head-mounted eye-tracker and exposed to either static or interactive dynamic facial stimuli. Average fixation duration, the proportion of fixations in areas of interest and a comparative index that was independent of differences in presentation length between stimuli types were calculated. Visual scanning patterns of individuals with AS/HFA were not affected by stimuli type. However, control participants exhibited different scanning patterns between dynamic and static stimuli for certain regions of the face. Visual scanning patterns in children with AS/HFA are consistent regardless of the stimuli being a static photo or dynamic in the form of a real face. Hence, information from experimental studies with static photos of faces provide information that is valid and can be generalised to “real world” interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.09.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=219

Visual search strategies during facial recognition in children with ASD / Matthew A. ALBRECHT in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-5 (May 2014) . - p.559-569 Titre : Visual search strategies during facial recognition in children with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matthew A. ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Jonathan K. FOSTER, Auteur ; Annette V. JOOSTEN, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Julia S. Y. TANG, Auteur ; Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.559-569 Mots-clés : Face recognition  Eye-tracking  Developmental  Visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Facial recognition is a complex skill necessary for successful human interpersonal and social interactions. Given that the most prevalent disorder of social interaction is autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a number of studies have investigated and found impaired facial recognition abilities in people with ASD. Further, this impairment may be critically involved in mediating the deficits in interpersonal and social interactions in people with ASD. We sought to address the question of whether face processing is impaired in children with ASD in the current study. While there were a number of differences in visual search behaviours between the 19 children with ASD and the 15 controls, this did not manifest in deficits in facial recognition accuracy. In addition, there were notable differences with respect to eye fixation behaviours and recognition accuracy in this study compared to the findings in a previous similar study conducted in adults with ASD. These differences suggest a performance enhancing developmental trajectory in facial processing in controls that may not be present in individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.01.014 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=229 [article] Visual search strategies during facial recognition in children with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matthew A. ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Jonathan K. FOSTER, Auteur ; Annette V. JOOSTEN, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Julia S. Y. TANG, Auteur ; Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur . - p.559-569. in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-5 (May 2014) . - p.559-569 Mots-clés : Face recognition  Eye-tracking  Developmental  Visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Facial recognition is a complex skill necessary for successful human interpersonal and social interactions. Given that the most prevalent disorder of social interaction is autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a number of studies have investigated and found impaired facial recognition abilities in people with ASD. Further, this impairment may be critically involved in mediating the deficits in interpersonal and social interactions in people with ASD. We sought to address the question of whether face processing is impaired in children with ASD in the current study. While there were a number of differences in visual search behaviours between the 19 children with ASD and the 15 controls, this did not manifest in deficits in facial recognition accuracy. In addition, there were notable differences with respect to eye fixation behaviours and recognition accuracy in this study compared to the findings in a previous similar study conducted in adults with ASD. These differences suggest a performance enhancing developmental trajectory in facial processing in controls that may not be present in individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.01.014 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=229

Visual search strategies of children with and without autism spectrum disorders during an embedded figures task / Chiara HORLIN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-5 (May 2014) . - p.463-471 Titre : Visual search strategies of children with and without autism spectrum disorders during an embedded figures task Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chiara HORLIN, Auteur ; Matthew A. ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Tele TAN, Auteur ; Wee Lih LEE, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.463-471 Mots-clés : ASD  Eye tracking  Embedded figures test  Visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with ASD often demonstrate superior performance on embedded figures tasks (EFTs). We investigated visual scanning behaviour in children with ASD during an EFT in an attempt replicating a previous study examining differences in visual search behaviour. Twenty-three children with, and 31 children without an ASD were shown 16 items from the Figure-Ground subtest of the TVPS-3 while wearing an eye tracker. Children with ASD exhibited fewer fixations, and less time per fixation, on the target figure. Accuracy was similar between the two groups. There were no other noteworthy differences between children with and without ASD. Differences in visual scanning patterns in the presence of typical behavioural performance suggest that any purported differences in processing style may not be detrimental to cognitive performance and further refinement of the current methodology may lead to support for a purported advantageous cognitive style. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.01.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=229 [article] Visual search strategies of children with and without autism spectrum disorders during an embedded figures task [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chiara HORLIN, Auteur ; Matthew A. ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Denise LEUNG, Auteur ; Anna ORDQVIST, Auteur ; Tele TAN, Auteur ; Wee Lih LEE, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur . - p.463-471. in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-5 (May 2014) . - p.463-471 Mots-clés : ASD  Eye tracking  Embedded figures test  Visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with ASD often demonstrate superior performance on embedded figures tasks (EFTs). We investigated visual scanning behaviour in children with ASD during an EFT in an attempt replicating a previous study examining differences in visual search behaviour. Twenty-three children with, and 31 children without an ASD were shown 16 items from the Figure-Ground subtest of the TVPS-3 while wearing an eye tracker. Children with ASD exhibited fewer fixations, and less time per fixation, on the target figure. Accuracy was similar between the two groups. There were no other noteworthy differences between children with and without ASD. Differences in visual scanning patterns in the presence of typical behavioural performance suggest that any purported differences in processing style may not be detrimental to cognitive performance and further refinement of the current methodology may lead to support for a purported advantageous cognitive style. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.01.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=229

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