Dépouillements

Gene–environment interplay and psychopathology: multiple varieties but real effects / Michael RUTTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-3/4 (March/April 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.226–261 Titre : Gene–environment interplay and psychopathology: multiple varieties but real effects Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur ; Avshalom CASPI, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.226–261 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gene–environment interplay is a general term that covers several divergent concepts with different meanings and different implications. In this review, we evaluate research evidence on four varieties of gene–environment interplay. First, we consider epigenetic mechanisms by which environmental influences alter the effects of genes. Second, we focus on variations in heritability according to environmental circumstances. Third, we discuss what is known about gene–environment correlations. Finally, we assess concepts and findings on the interaction between specific identified genes and specific measured environmental risks. In order to provide an understanding of what may be involved in gene–environment interplay, we begin our presentation with a brief historical review of prevailing views about the role of genetic and environmental factors in the causation of mental disorders, and we provide a simplified account of some of the key features of how genes 'work'. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01557.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=720 [article] Gene–environment interplay and psychopathology: multiple varieties but real effects [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur ; Avshalom CASPI, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.226–261. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.226–261 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gene–environment interplay is a general term that covers several divergent concepts with different meanings and different implications. In this review, we evaluate research evidence on four varieties of gene–environment interplay. First, we consider epigenetic mechanisms by which environmental influences alter the effects of genes. Second, we focus on variations in heritability according to environmental circumstances. Third, we discuss what is known about gene–environment correlations. Finally, we assess concepts and findings on the interaction between specific identified genes and specific measured environmental risks. In order to provide an understanding of what may be involved in gene–environment interplay, we begin our presentation with a brief historical review of prevailing views about the role of genetic and environmental factors in the causation of mental disorders, and we provide a simplified account of some of the key features of how genes 'work'. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01557.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=720

The development of psychopathy / James R. BLAIR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-3/4 (March/April 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.262–276 Titre : The development of psychopathy Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : James R. BLAIR, Auteur ; Karina S. PESCHARDT, Auteur ; Derek G.V. MITCHELL, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.262–276 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current review focuses on the construct of psychopathy, conceptualized as a clinical entity that is fundamentally distinct from a heterogeneous collection of syndromes encompassed by the term 'conduct disorder'. We will provide an account of the development of psychopathy at multiple levels: ultimate causal (the genetic or social primary cause), molecular, neural, cognitive and behavioral. The following main claims will be made: (1) that there is a stronger genetic as opposed to social ultimate cause to this disorder. The types of social causes proposed (e.g., childhood sexual/physical abuse) should elevate emotional responsiveness, not lead to the specific form of reduced responsiveness seen in psychopathy; (2) The genetic influence leads to the emotional dysfunction that is the core of psychopathy; (3) The genetic influence at the molecular level remains unknown. However, it appears to impact the functional integrity of the amygdala and orbital/ventrolateral frontal cortex (and possibly additional systems); (4) Disruption within these two neural systems leads to impairment in the ability to form stimulus–reinforcement associations and to alter stimulus–response associations as a function of contingency change. These impairments disrupt the impact of standard socialization techniques and increase the risk for frustration-induced reactive aggression respectively. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01596.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=721 [article] The development of psychopathy [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / James R. BLAIR, Auteur ; Karina S. PESCHARDT, Auteur ; Derek G.V. MITCHELL, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.262–276. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.262–276 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current review focuses on the construct of psychopathy, conceptualized as a clinical entity that is fundamentally distinct from a heterogeneous collection of syndromes encompassed by the term 'conduct disorder'. We will provide an account of the development of psychopathy at multiple levels: ultimate causal (the genetic or social primary cause), molecular, neural, cognitive and behavioral. The following main claims will be made: (1) that there is a stronger genetic as opposed to social ultimate cause to this disorder. The types of social causes proposed (e.g., childhood sexual/physical abuse) should elevate emotional responsiveness, not lead to the specific form of reduced responsiveness seen in psychopathy; (2) The genetic influence leads to the emotional dysfunction that is the core of psychopathy; (3) The genetic influence at the molecular level remains unknown. However, it appears to impact the functional integrity of the amygdala and orbital/ventrolateral frontal cortex (and possibly additional systems); (4) Disruption within these two neural systems leads to impairment in the ability to form stimulus–reinforcement associations and to alter stimulus–response associations as a function of contingency change. These impairments disrupt the impact of standard socialization techniques and increase the risk for frustration-induced reactive aggression respectively. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01596.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=721

Continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life / Michael RUTTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-3/4 (March/April 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.276–295 Titre : Continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Julia KIM-COHEN, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.276–295 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Heterotypic-continuity precursors/prodromata age-at-onset genetics adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The possible mechanisms involved in continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life are considered in relation to the findings from systematic, prospective, long-term longitudinal studies. Findings on schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental disorders, emotional disturbances, antisocial behaviour and substance abuse are used as conditions illustrating the key issues. The overarching themes are then discussed in relation to heterotypic continuity and psychopathologic progression, early age at onset and a range of possible mediating mechanisms – including genetic mediation, 'kindling' effects, environmental influences, coping mechanisms and cognitive processing of experiences. Some of the key research challenges that remain concern the testing of competing hypotheses on mediating processes, the changes involved in adolescence, the transition from prodromal phase to overt schizophrenia and the emergence of adolescent-limited antisocial behaviour. Greater use needs to be made of genetic research strategies and of the testing of possible cognitive processing mediation effects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01614.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=722 [article] Continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Julia KIM-COHEN, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.276–295. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.276–295 Mots-clés : Heterotypic-continuity precursors/prodromata age-at-onset genetics adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The possible mechanisms involved in continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life are considered in relation to the findings from systematic, prospective, long-term longitudinal studies. Findings on schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental disorders, emotional disturbances, antisocial behaviour and substance abuse are used as conditions illustrating the key issues. The overarching themes are then discussed in relation to heterotypic continuity and psychopathologic progression, early age at onset and a range of possible mediating mechanisms – including genetic mediation, 'kindling' effects, environmental influences, coping mechanisms and cognitive processing of experiences. Some of the key research challenges that remain concern the testing of competing hypotheses on mediating processes, the changes involved in adolescence, the transition from prodromal phase to overt schizophrenia and the emergence of adolescent-limited antisocial behaviour. Greater use needs to be made of genetic research strategies and of the testing of possible cognitive processing mediation effects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01614.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=722

Development of the adolescent brain: implications for executive function and social cognition / Sarah-Jayne BLAKEMORE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-3/4 (March/April 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.296–312 Titre : Development of the adolescent brain: implications for executive function and social cognition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah-Jayne BLAKEMORE, Auteur ; Suparna CHOUDHURY, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.296–312 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence brain-development cognition puberty social-cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescence is a time of considerable development at the level of behaviour, cognition and the brain. This article reviews histological and brain imaging studies that have demonstrated specific changes in neural architecture during puberty and adolescence, outlining trajectories of grey and white matter development. The implications of brain development for executive functions and social cognition during puberty and adolescence are discussed. Changes at the level of the brain and cognition may map onto behaviours commonly associated with adolescence. Finally, possible applications for education and social policy are briefly considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01611.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=723 [article] Development of the adolescent brain: implications for executive function and social cognition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah-Jayne BLAKEMORE, Auteur ; Suparna CHOUDHURY, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.296–312. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.296–312 Mots-clés : Adolescence brain-development cognition puberty social-cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescence is a time of considerable development at the level of behaviour, cognition and the brain. This article reviews histological and brain imaging studies that have demonstrated specific changes in neural architecture during puberty and adolescence, outlining trajectories of grey and white matter development. The implications of brain development for executive functions and social cognition during puberty and adolescence are discussed. Changes at the level of the brain and cognition may map onto behaviours commonly associated with adolescence. Finally, possible applications for education and social policy are briefly considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01611.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=723

Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology / Helen Link EGGER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-3/4 (March/April 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.313–337 Titre : Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Helen Link EGGER, Auteur ; Adrian ANGOLD, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.313–337 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Diagnosis comorbidity preschoolers nosology epidemiology prevalence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We review recent research on the presentation, nosology and epidemiology of behavioral and emotional psychiatric disorders in preschool children (children ages 2 through 5 years old), focusing on the five most common groups of childhood psychiatric disorders: attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders. We review the various approaches to classifying behavioral and emotional dysregulation in preschoolers and determining the boundaries between normative variation and clinically significant presentations. While highlighting the limitations of the current DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for identifying preschool psychopathology and reviewing alternative diagnostic approaches, we also present evidence supporting the reliability and validity of developmentally appropriate criteria for diagnosing psychiatric disorders in children as young as two years old. Despite the relative lack of research on preschool psychopathology compared with studies of the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in older children, the current evidence now shows quite convincingly that the rates of the common child psychiatric disorders and the patterns of comorbidity among them in preschoolers are similar to those seen in later childhood. We review the implications of these conclusions for research on the etiology, nosology, and development of early onset of psychiatric disorders, and for targeted treatment, early intervention and prevention with young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=724 [article] Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Helen Link EGGER, Auteur ; Adrian ANGOLD, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.313–337. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.313–337 Mots-clés : Diagnosis comorbidity preschoolers nosology epidemiology prevalence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We review recent research on the presentation, nosology and epidemiology of behavioral and emotional psychiatric disorders in preschool children (children ages 2 through 5 years old), focusing on the five most common groups of childhood psychiatric disorders: attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders. We review the various approaches to classifying behavioral and emotional dysregulation in preschoolers and determining the boundaries between normative variation and clinically significant presentations. While highlighting the limitations of the current DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for identifying preschool psychopathology and reviewing alternative diagnostic approaches, we also present evidence supporting the reliability and validity of developmentally appropriate criteria for diagnosing psychiatric disorders in children as young as two years old. Despite the relative lack of research on preschool psychopathology compared with studies of the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in older children, the current evidence now shows quite convincingly that the rates of the common child psychiatric disorders and the patterns of comorbidity among them in preschoolers are similar to those seen in later childhood. We review the implications of these conclusions for research on the etiology, nosology, and development of early onset of psychiatric disorders, and for targeted treatment, early intervention and prevention with young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=724

A model of preverbal social development and its application to social dysfunctions in autism / Michael BERGER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-3/4 (March/April 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.338–371 Titre : A model of preverbal social development and its application to social dysfunctions in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael BERGER, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.338–371 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism face-processing sensory-processing early-social-development neural-systems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies of early face perception are used to develop a model of how face expressions might be transduced to initiate consonant internal affect, related outward expressions and other behaviours. Underlying neural mechanisms and processes are identified. The model is generalised to offer an account of aspects of typical preverbal social development. It is then used to develop aetiological hypotheses about the lack of social interest and motivation in autism and to provide a framework for evaluating other theories of autism. Although derived from existing literature, the model offers a distinctive account. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01586.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=725 [article] A model of preverbal social development and its application to social dysfunctions in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael BERGER, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.338–371. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.338–371 Mots-clés : Autism face-processing sensory-processing early-social-development neural-systems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies of early face perception are used to develop a model of how face expressions might be transduced to initiate consonant internal affect, related outward expressions and other behaviours. Underlying neural mechanisms and processes are identified. The model is generalised to offer an account of aspects of typical preverbal social development. It is then used to develop aetiological hypotheses about the lack of social interest and motivation in autism and to provide a framework for evaluating other theories of autism. Although derived from existing literature, the model offers a distinctive account. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01586.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=725

Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior / Jeffrey A. BRIDGE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-3/4 (March/April 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.372–394 Titre : Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeffrey A. BRIDGE, Auteur ; Tina R. GOLDSTEIN, Auteur ; David A. BRENT, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.372–394 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Suicide children adolescents suicidal-behavior risk-factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This review examines the descriptive epidemiology, and risk and protective factors for youth suicide and suicidal behavior. A model of youth suicidal behavior is articulated, whereby suicidal behavior ensues as a result of an interaction of socio-cultural, developmental, psychiatric, psychological, and family-environmental factors. On the basis of this review, clinical and public health approaches to the reduction in youth suicide and recommendations for further research will be discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01615.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=726 [article] Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeffrey A. BRIDGE, Auteur ; Tina R. GOLDSTEIN, Auteur ; David A. BRENT, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.372–394. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.372–394 Mots-clés : Suicide children adolescents suicidal-behavior risk-factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This review examines the descriptive epidemiology, and risk and protective factors for youth suicide and suicidal behavior. A model of youth suicidal behavior is articulated, whereby suicidal behavior ensues as a result of an interaction of socio-cultural, developmental, psychiatric, psychological, and family-environmental factors. On the basis of this review, clinical and public health approaches to the reduction in youth suicide and recommendations for further research will be discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01615.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=726

Temperament and developmental psychopathology / Joel T. NIGG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-3/4 (March/April 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.395–422 Titre : Temperament and developmental psychopathology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joel T. NIGG, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.395–422 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This review discusses conceptual issues in relating temperament to psychopathology, including the disputed relation of temperament to personality in children. A potential integrative framework is discussed that links trait and biological markers of temperament (reactive, incentive–response tendencies) with regulatory processes. This framework is utilized to highlight potential temperamental pathways to specific forms of psychopathology, noting that in some instances their relations may reflect a spectrum model (with psychopathology closely related as an extreme of a temperament-based trait), but in many instances it likely reflects a vulnerability-transaction set of processes. Conduct disorder involves at least two temperamental paths, one emanating from low fear response and one from either high incentive approach or high anger reactivity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder also involves at least two temperament pathways, one involving extremely low effortful control and the other likely involving strong approach. Anxiety disorders appear to result from the confluence of high negative emotionality and low effortful control. Hypotheses for future research are presented and limitations discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01612.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=727 [article] Temperament and developmental psychopathology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joel T. NIGG, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.395–422. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-3/4 (March/April 2006) . - p.395–422 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This review discusses conceptual issues in relating temperament to psychopathology, including the disputed relation of temperament to personality in children. A potential integrative framework is discussed that links trait and biological markers of temperament (reactive, incentive–response tendencies) with regulatory processes. This framework is utilized to highlight potential temperamental pathways to specific forms of psychopathology, noting that in some instances their relations may reflect a spectrum model (with psychopathology closely related as an extreme of a temperament-based trait), but in many instances it likely reflects a vulnerability-transaction set of processes. Conduct disorder involves at least two temperamental paths, one emanating from low fear response and one from either high incentive approach or high anger reactivity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder also involves at least two temperament pathways, one involving extremely low effortful control and the other likely involving strong approach. Anxiety disorders appear to result from the confluence of high negative emotionality and low effortful control. Hypotheses for future research are presented and limitations discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01612.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=727