Developmental and social–ecological perspectives on children, political violence, and armed conflict / E. Mark CUMMINGS in Development and Psychopathology, 29-1 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-1 (February 2017) . - p.1-10 Titre : Developmental and social–ecological perspectives on children, political violence, and armed conflict Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. Mark CUMMINGS, Auteur ; Christine E. MERRILEES, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Christina F. MONDI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-10 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An increasing number of researchers and policymakers have been moved to study and intervene in the lives of children affected by violent conflicts (Masten, 2014). According to a United Nations Children's Fund (2009) report, over 1 billion children under the age of 18 are growing up in regions where acts of political violence and armed conflict are, as Ladds and Cairns (1996, p. 15) put it, “a common occurrence—a fact of life.” In recent years, the United Nations Children's Fund, advocacy and human rights groups, journalists, and researchers have drawn public attention to the high rates of child casualties in these regions, and to the plights of those children still caught in the crossfire. It has thus become clear that both the challenges and the stakes are higher than ever to promote the safety and well-being of affected children around the world (Masten & Narayan, 2012; Tol, Jordans, Kohrt, Betancourt, & Komproe, 2012). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001061 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Developmental and social–ecological perspectives on children, political violence, and armed conflict [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. Mark CUMMINGS, Auteur ; Christine E. MERRILEES, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Christina F. MONDI, Auteur . - p.1-10. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-1 (February 2017) . - p.1-10 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An increasing number of researchers and policymakers have been moved to study and intervene in the lives of children affected by violent conflicts (Masten, 2014). According to a United Nations Children's Fund (2009) report, over 1 billion children under the age of 18 are growing up in regions where acts of political violence and armed conflict are, as Ladds and Cairns (1996, p. 15) put it, “a common occurrence—a fact of life.” In recent years, the United Nations Children's Fund, advocacy and human rights groups, journalists, and researchers have drawn public attention to the high rates of child casualties in these regions, and to the plights of those children still caught in the crossfire. It has thus become clear that both the challenges and the stakes are higher than ever to promote the safety and well-being of affected children around the world (Masten & Narayan, 2012; Tol, Jordans, Kohrt, Betancourt, & Komproe, 2012). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001061 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Emotional insecurity about the community: A dynamic, within-person mediator of child adjustment in contexts of political violence / E. Mark CUMMINGS in Development and Psychopathology, 29-1 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-1 (February 2017) . - p.27-36 Titre : Emotional insecurity about the community: A dynamic, within-person mediator of child adjustment in contexts of political violence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. Mark CUMMINGS, Auteur ; Christine MERRILEES, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Marcie GOEKE-MOREY, Auteur ; Peter SHIRLOW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.27-36 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractOver 1 billion children worldwide are exposed to political violence and armed conflict. The current conclusions are qualified by limited longitudinal research testing sophisticated process-oriented explanatory models for child adjustment outcomes. In this study, consistent with a developmental psychopathology perspective emphasizing the value of process-oriented longitudinal study of child adjustment in developmental and social–ecological contexts, we tested emotional insecurity about the community as a dynamic, within-person mediating process for relations between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. Specifically, this study explored children's emotional insecurity at a person-oriented level of analysis assessed over 5 consecutive years, with child gender examined as a moderator of indirect effects between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. In the context of a five-wave longitudinal research design, participants included 928 mother–child dyads in Belfast (453 boys, 475 girls) drawn from socially deprived, ethnically homogenous areas that had experienced political violence. Youth ranged in age from 10 to 20 years and were 13.24 (SD = 1.83) years old on average at the initial time point. Greater insecurity about the community measured over multiple time points mediated relations between sectarian community violence and youth's total adjustment problems. The pathway from sectarian community violence to emotional insecurity about the community was moderated by child gender, with relations to emotional insecurity about the community stronger for girls than for boys. The results suggest that ameliorating children's insecurity about community in contexts of political violence is an important goal toward improving adolescents' well-being and adjustment. These results are discussed in terms of their translational research implications, consistent with a developmental psychopathology model for the interface between basic and intervention research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001097 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Emotional insecurity about the community: A dynamic, within-person mediator of child adjustment in contexts of political violence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. Mark CUMMINGS, Auteur ; Christine MERRILEES, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Marcie GOEKE-MOREY, Auteur ; Peter SHIRLOW, Auteur . - p.27-36. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-1 (February 2017) . - p.27-36 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractOver 1 billion children worldwide are exposed to political violence and armed conflict. The current conclusions are qualified by limited longitudinal research testing sophisticated process-oriented explanatory models for child adjustment outcomes. In this study, consistent with a developmental psychopathology perspective emphasizing the value of process-oriented longitudinal study of child adjustment in developmental and social–ecological contexts, we tested emotional insecurity about the community as a dynamic, within-person mediating process for relations between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. Specifically, this study explored children's emotional insecurity at a person-oriented level of analysis assessed over 5 consecutive years, with child gender examined as a moderator of indirect effects between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. In the context of a five-wave longitudinal research design, participants included 928 mother–child dyads in Belfast (453 boys, 475 girls) drawn from socially deprived, ethnically homogenous areas that had experienced political violence. Youth ranged in age from 10 to 20 years and were 13.24 (SD = 1.83) years old on average at the initial time point. Greater insecurity about the community measured over multiple time points mediated relations between sectarian community violence and youth's total adjustment problems. The pathway from sectarian community violence to emotional insecurity about the community was moderated by child gender, with relations to emotional insecurity about the community stronger for girls than for boys. The results suggest that ameliorating children's insecurity about community in contexts of political violence is an important goal toward improving adolescents' well-being and adjustment. These results are discussed in terms of their translational research implications, consistent with a developmental psychopathology model for the interface between basic and intervention research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001097 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Emotional insecurity in the family and community and youth delinquency in Northern Ireland: a person-oriented analysis across five waves / E. Mark CUMMINGS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-1 (January 2016) . - p.47-54 Titre : Emotional insecurity in the family and community and youth delinquency in Northern Ireland: a person-oriented analysis across five waves Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. Mark CUMMINGS, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Christine E. MERRILEES, Auteur ; Marcie C. GOEKE-MOREY, Auteur ; Peter SHIRLOW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.47-54 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Political violence  social ecology  family  community  mental health  emotional security  delinquency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Over one billion children are exposed worldwide to political violence and armed conflict. Currently, conclusions about bases for adjustment problems are qualified by limited longitudinal research from a process-oriented, social-ecological perspective. In this study, we examined a theoretically-based model for the impact of multiple levels of the social ecology (family, community) on adolescent delinquency. Specifically, this study explored the impact of children's emotional insecurity about both the family and community on youth delinquency in Northern Ireland. Methods In the context of a five-wave longitudinal research design, participants included 999 mother–child dyads in Belfast (482 boys, 517 girls), drawn from socially-deprived, ethnically-homogenous areas that had experienced political violence. Youth ranged in age from 10 to 20 and were 12.18 (SD = 1.82) years old on average at Time 1. Findings The longitudinal analyses were conducted in hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), allowing for the modeling of interindividual differences in intraindividual change. Intraindividual trajectories of emotional insecurity about the family related to children's delinquency. Greater insecurity about the community worsened the impact of family conflict on youth's insecurity about the family, consistent with the notion that youth's insecurity about the community sensitizes them to exposure to family conflict in the home. Conclusions The results suggest that ameliorating children's insecurity about family and community in contexts of political violence is an important goal toward improving adolescents’ well-being, including reduced risk for delinquency. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12427 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=273 [article] Emotional insecurity in the family and community and youth delinquency in Northern Ireland: a person-oriented analysis across five waves [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. Mark CUMMINGS, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Christine E. MERRILEES, Auteur ; Marcie C. GOEKE-MOREY, Auteur ; Peter SHIRLOW, Auteur . - p.47-54. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-1 (January 2016) . - p.47-54 Mots-clés : Political violence  social ecology  family  community  mental health  emotional security  delinquency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Over one billion children are exposed worldwide to political violence and armed conflict. Currently, conclusions about bases for adjustment problems are qualified by limited longitudinal research from a process-oriented, social-ecological perspective. In this study, we examined a theoretically-based model for the impact of multiple levels of the social ecology (family, community) on adolescent delinquency. Specifically, this study explored the impact of children's emotional insecurity about both the family and community on youth delinquency in Northern Ireland. Methods In the context of a five-wave longitudinal research design, participants included 999 mother–child dyads in Belfast (482 boys, 517 girls), drawn from socially-deprived, ethnically-homogenous areas that had experienced political violence. Youth ranged in age from 10 to 20 and were 12.18 (SD = 1.82) years old on average at Time 1. Findings The longitudinal analyses were conducted in hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), allowing for the modeling of interindividual differences in intraindividual change. Intraindividual trajectories of emotional insecurity about the family related to children's delinquency. Greater insecurity about the community worsened the impact of family conflict on youth's insecurity about the family, consistent with the notion that youth's insecurity about the community sensitizes them to exposure to family conflict in the home. Conclusions The results suggest that ameliorating children's insecurity about family and community in contexts of political violence is an important goal toward improving adolescents’ well-being, including reduced risk for delinquency. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12427 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=273

Longitudinal relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and child adjustment in Northern Ireland / E. Mark CUMMINGS in Development and Psychopathology, 25-3 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 25-3 (August 2013) . - p.615-627 Titre : Longitudinal relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and child adjustment in Northern Ireland Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. Mark CUMMINGS, Auteur ; Christine E. MERRILEES, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Peter SHIRLOW, Auteur ; Marcie C. GOEKE-MOREY, Auteur ; Ed CAIRNS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.615-627 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although relations between political violence and child adjustment are well documented, longitudinal research is needed to adequately address the many questions remaining about the contexts and developmental trajectories underlying the effects on children in areas of political violence. The study examined the relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and adolescent adjustment problems over 4 consecutive years. Participants included 999 mother–child dyads (482 boys, 517 girls), M ages = 12.18 (SD = 1.82), 13.24 (SD = 1.83), 13.61 (SD = 1.99), and 14.66 (SD = 1.96) years, respectively, living in socially deprived neighborhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland, a context of historical and ongoing political violence. In examining trajectories of adjustment problems, including youth experience with both sectarian and nonsectarian antisocial behaviors, sectarian antisocial behavior significantly predicted more adjustment problems across the 4 years of the study. Experiencing sectarian antisocial behavior was related to increased adolescent adjustment problems, and this relationship was accentuated in neighborhoods characterized by higher crime rates. The discussion considers the implications for further validating the distinction between sectarian and nonsectarian violence, including consideration of neighborhood crime levels, from the child's perspective in a setting of political violence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000059 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Longitudinal relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and child adjustment in Northern Ireland [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. Mark CUMMINGS, Auteur ; Christine E. MERRILEES, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Peter SHIRLOW, Auteur ; Marcie C. GOEKE-MOREY, Auteur ; Ed CAIRNS, Auteur . - p.615-627. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 25-3 (August 2013) . - p.615-627 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although relations between political violence and child adjustment are well documented, longitudinal research is needed to adequately address the many questions remaining about the contexts and developmental trajectories underlying the effects on children in areas of political violence. The study examined the relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and adolescent adjustment problems over 4 consecutive years. Participants included 999 mother–child dyads (482 boys, 517 girls), M ages = 12.18 (SD = 1.82), 13.24 (SD = 1.83), 13.61 (SD = 1.99), and 14.66 (SD = 1.96) years, respectively, living in socially deprived neighborhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland, a context of historical and ongoing political violence. In examining trajectories of adjustment problems, including youth experience with both sectarian and nonsectarian antisocial behaviors, sectarian antisocial behavior significantly predicted more adjustment problems across the 4 years of the study. Experiencing sectarian antisocial behavior was related to increased adolescent adjustment problems, and this relationship was accentuated in neighborhoods characterized by higher crime rates. The discussion considers the implications for further validating the distinction between sectarian and nonsectarian violence, including consideration of neighborhood crime levels, from the child's perspective in a setting of political violence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000059 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

A systematic review of autistic children’s prosocial behaviour / Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 98 (October 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 98 (October 2022) . - 102023 Titre : A systematic review of autistic children’s prosocial behaviour Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT, Auteur ; Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102023 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prosocial behaviour  Comforting  Sharing  Helping  Children  Autistic strengths  Systematic review  PRISMA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prosocial behaviour (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing) is associated with important positive life outcomes. Historical and recent theory, evidence and personal accounts within the autism community present a mixed picture regarding Autistic children’s prosocial engagement. This systematic review consolidates, for the first time, how empirical studies have been measuring Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour to date (objective one). This review clarifies what knowledge the evidence provides, specifically how the type (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing), target (e.g., parent, experimenter, Autistic or neurotypical peer) and timing (e.g., young, middle, and late childhood) affect Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour (objective two). Methods Relevant published records were identified through systematic searches of three electronic databases: PsychINFO, PubMED and Embase. Thirty studies presented in 29 articles met eligibility criteria and were included for data-extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis. Results The most common methodologies used were found to be: in-person paradigms, games, informant reports, and self-reports. Reliability and validity efforts were inconsistent. It is hoped these findings will act as a benchmark for development of future research in the area. Outcomes were found to be much more positive about Autistic children’s engagement in prosocial behaviour than diagnostic criteria and historical theory suggests, with Autistic children often engaging in prosocial behaviour to the same frequency as comparison groups despite unfamiliar and neurotypical targets. Narrative synthesis revealed moderating variables and differing patterns and styles of Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour. Conclusions Findings encourage Autistic strengths-based approaches and caution is expressed regarding findings possibly linked to Autistic masking. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102023 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] A systematic review of autistic children’s prosocial behaviour [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT, Auteur ; Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur . - 102023. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 98 (October 2022) . - 102023 Mots-clés : Prosocial behaviour  Comforting  Sharing  Helping  Children  Autistic strengths  Systematic review  PRISMA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prosocial behaviour (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing) is associated with important positive life outcomes. Historical and recent theory, evidence and personal accounts within the autism community present a mixed picture regarding Autistic children’s prosocial engagement. This systematic review consolidates, for the first time, how empirical studies have been measuring Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour to date (objective one). This review clarifies what knowledge the evidence provides, specifically how the type (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing), target (e.g., parent, experimenter, Autistic or neurotypical peer) and timing (e.g., young, middle, and late childhood) affect Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour (objective two). Methods Relevant published records were identified through systematic searches of three electronic databases: PsychINFO, PubMED and Embase. Thirty studies presented in 29 articles met eligibility criteria and were included for data-extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis. Results The most common methodologies used were found to be: in-person paradigms, games, informant reports, and self-reports. Reliability and validity efforts were inconsistent. It is hoped these findings will act as a benchmark for development of future research in the area. Outcomes were found to be much more positive about Autistic children’s engagement in prosocial behaviour than diagnostic criteria and historical theory suggests, with Autistic children often engaging in prosocial behaviour to the same frequency as comparison groups despite unfamiliar and neurotypical targets. Narrative synthesis revealed moderating variables and differing patterns and styles of Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour. Conclusions Findings encourage Autistic strengths-based approaches and caution is expressed regarding findings possibly linked to Autistic masking. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102023 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

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