Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Kate JOHNSTON in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.225-236 Titre : Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Antonia DITTNER, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Anya KNIGHT, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.225-236 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  attention  adults  neuropsychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impairments on neuropsychological, tests of attention have been documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To date, there has been a lack of research comparing attention in adults with ASD and adults with ADHD. In study 1, 31 adults with ASD and average intellectual function completed self-report measures of ADHD symptoms. These were compared with self-report measures of ADHD symptoms in 38 adults with ADHD and 29 general population controls. In study 2, 28 adults with a diagnosis of ASD were compared with an age- and intelligence quotient-matched sample of 28 adults with ADHD across a range of measures of attention. Study 1 showed that 36.7% of adults with ASD met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV criteria for current ADHD “caseness” (Barkley Current self-report scores questionnaire). Those with a diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified were most likely to describe ADHD symptoms. The ASD group differed significantly from both the ADHD and control groups on total and individual symptom self-report scores. On neuropsychological testing, adults with ASD and ADHD showed comparable performance on tests of selective attention. Significant group differences were seen on measures of attentional switching; adults with ADHD were significantly faster and more inaccurate, and individuals with Asperger's syndrome showed a significantly slower and more accurate response style. Self-reported rates of ADHD among adults with ASD are significantly higher than in the general adult population and may be underdiagnosed. Adults with ASD have attentional difficulties on some neuropsychological measures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1283 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Antonia DITTNER, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Anya KNIGHT, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.225-236. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.225-236 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  attention  adults  neuropsychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impairments on neuropsychological, tests of attention have been documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To date, there has been a lack of research comparing attention in adults with ASD and adults with ADHD. In study 1, 31 adults with ASD and average intellectual function completed self-report measures of ADHD symptoms. These were compared with self-report measures of ADHD symptoms in 38 adults with ADHD and 29 general population controls. In study 2, 28 adults with a diagnosis of ASD were compared with an age- and intelligence quotient-matched sample of 28 adults with ADHD across a range of measures of attention. Study 1 showed that 36.7% of adults with ASD met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV criteria for current ADHD “caseness” (Barkley Current self-report scores questionnaire). Those with a diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified were most likely to describe ADHD symptoms. The ASD group differed significantly from both the ADHD and control groups on total and individual symptom self-report scores. On neuropsychological testing, adults with ASD and ADHD showed comparable performance on tests of selective attention. Significant group differences were seen on measures of attentional switching; adults with ADHD were significantly faster and more inaccurate, and individuals with Asperger's syndrome showed a significantly slower and more accurate response style. Self-reported rates of ADHD among adults with ASD are significantly higher than in the general adult population and may be underdiagnosed. Adults with ASD have attentional difficulties on some neuropsychological measures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1283 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

Executive functioning differences between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder in initiation, planning and strategy formation / Jessica BRAMHAM in Autism, 13-3 (May 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 13-3 (May 2009) . - p.245-264 Titre : Executive functioning differences between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder in initiation, planning and strategy formation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Declan G. MURPHY, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Fiona AMBERY, Auteur ; Robin MORRIS, Auteur ; Kiriakos XENITIDIS, Auteur ; Susan E. YOUNG, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.245-264 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD adults ASD executive-functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive functioning deficits characterize the neuropsychological profiles of the childhood neurodevelopmental disorders of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This study sought to determine whether similar impairments exist in adults with ADHD (N = 53) and ASD (N = 45) in comparison with a healthy control group (N = 31), whether the two disorders can be distinguished on the basis of their executive functioning features, and whether these impairments are related to symptom severity. Both clinical groups were found to exhibit executive functioning deficits. The ADHD group had difficulty withholding a response, with relative preservation of initiation and planning abilities. In contrast, the ASD group exhibited significant impairments in initiation, planning and strategy formation. The specific executive functioning deficits were related to severity of response inhibition impairments in ADHD and stereotyped, repetitive behaviours in ASD. These findings suggest the pattern of executive functioning deficits follows a consistent trajectory into adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361309103790 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=728 [article] Executive functioning differences between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder in initiation, planning and strategy formation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Declan G. MURPHY, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Fiona AMBERY, Auteur ; Robin MORRIS, Auteur ; Kiriakos XENITIDIS, Auteur ; Susan E. YOUNG, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.245-264. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 13-3 (May 2009) . - p.245-264 Mots-clés : ADHD adults ASD executive-functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive functioning deficits characterize the neuropsychological profiles of the childhood neurodevelopmental disorders of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This study sought to determine whether similar impairments exist in adults with ADHD (N = 53) and ASD (N = 45) in comparison with a healthy control group (N = 31), whether the two disorders can be distinguished on the basis of their executive functioning features, and whether these impairments are related to symptom severity. Both clinical groups were found to exhibit executive functioning deficits. The ADHD group had difficulty withholding a response, with relative preservation of initiation and planning abilities. In contrast, the ASD group exhibited significant impairments in initiation, planning and strategy formation. The specific executive functioning deficits were related to severity of response inhibition impairments in ADHD and stereotyped, repetitive behaviours in ASD. These findings suggest the pattern of executive functioning deficits follows a consistent trajectory into adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361309103790 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=728

Family adaptation among parents of children on the autism spectrum without a comorbid intellectual disability: A test of the Double ABCX model / Jane MELEADY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 78 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 78 (October 2020) . - 101637 Titre : Family adaptation among parents of children on the autism spectrum without a comorbid intellectual disability: A test of the Double ABCX model Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane MELEADY, Auteur ; Finiki NEARCHOU, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Alan CARR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101637 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  Parent  Positive contributions  Family quality of life  Double ABCX Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This study examined family adaptation among parents of school age children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who do not have a comorbid diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID). Family adaptation was measured by parents’ perceived family quality of life and satisfaction with life. Associated factors were derived from the Double ABCX model of family adaptation (i.e. autism symptom severity, problem behaviours, pile-up life demands, social support, cognitive appraisals and coping strategies). In particular, we were interested in the potential association between positive contributions directly associated with this caregiving experience and outcomes. Method Participants (N = 104) were parents of school age children who had a diagnosis of ASD and no comorbid ID. Parents completed a battery of self-report questionnaires via online survey. Results All variables within the model were associated with one or both of the outcomes, with the exception of problem focused coping. Social support, positive contributions and passive-avoidance coping remained significant unique predictors of both outcomes within multiple regression analyses. Passive avoidance coping was found to moderate the relationship between symptom severity and parents’ satisfaction with life. Conclusions The Double ABCX Model provides a useful framework in identifying risk and protective factors for parents. Support was provided for inclusion of both positive predictor and outcome variables, at the individual and family level. Proximal variables, such as maladaptive coping strategies, may explain associations between stressors and wellbeing. Methodological considerations and implications for clinical practice are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101637 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Family adaptation among parents of children on the autism spectrum without a comorbid intellectual disability: A test of the Double ABCX model [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane MELEADY, Auteur ; Finiki NEARCHOU, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Alan CARR, Auteur . - 101637. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 78 (October 2020) . - 101637 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  Parent  Positive contributions  Family quality of life  Double ABCX Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This study examined family adaptation among parents of school age children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who do not have a comorbid diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID). Family adaptation was measured by parents’ perceived family quality of life and satisfaction with life. Associated factors were derived from the Double ABCX model of family adaptation (i.e. autism symptom severity, problem behaviours, pile-up life demands, social support, cognitive appraisals and coping strategies). In particular, we were interested in the potential association between positive contributions directly associated with this caregiving experience and outcomes. Method Participants (N = 104) were parents of school age children who had a diagnosis of ASD and no comorbid ID. Parents completed a battery of self-report questionnaires via online survey. Results All variables within the model were associated with one or both of the outcomes, with the exception of problem focused coping. Social support, positive contributions and passive-avoidance coping remained significant unique predictors of both outcomes within multiple regression analyses. Passive avoidance coping was found to moderate the relationship between symptom severity and parents’ satisfaction with life. Conclusions The Double ABCX Model provides a useful framework in identifying risk and protective factors for parents. Support was provided for inclusion of both positive predictor and outcome variables, at the individual and family level. Proximal variables, such as maladaptive coping strategies, may explain associations between stressors and wellbeing. Methodological considerations and implications for clinical practice are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101637 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Response Inhibition in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder / Kate JOHNSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-7 (July 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-7 (July 2011) . - p.903-912 Titre : Response Inhibition in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate JOHNSON, Auteur ; Anya K. MADDEN, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.903-912 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Response inhibition  Autism  ADHD  Adults  Executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are hypothesised to involve core deficits in executive function. Previous studies have found evidence of a double dissociation between the disorders on specific executive functions (planning and response inhibition). To date most research has been conducted with children. No studies have directly compared the stable cognitive profile of adults. It was hypothesised that adults with ASD would show generally intact response inhibition whereas those with ADHD would show more global impairment. Participants were 24 adults aged 18–55 with high functioning ASD, 24 with ADHD, and 14 age and IQ matched controls. Participants completed three standardised measures of response inhibition. Participants with ASD had generally intact response inhibition but slow response latencies, possibly due to deficits in response initiation. Adults with ADHD did not show the more global impairments hypothesised. There were some significant differences between the clinical groups across measures of inhibition. In terms of performance style, adults with ASD were slow and accurate whilst those with ADHD showed an impulsive style. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1113-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=130 [article] Response Inhibition in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate JOHNSON, Auteur ; Anya K. MADDEN, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.903-912. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-7 (July 2011) . - p.903-912 Mots-clés : Response inhibition  Autism  ADHD  Adults  Executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are hypothesised to involve core deficits in executive function. Previous studies have found evidence of a double dissociation between the disorders on specific executive functions (planning and response inhibition). To date most research has been conducted with children. No studies have directly compared the stable cognitive profile of adults. It was hypothesised that adults with ASD would show generally intact response inhibition whereas those with ADHD would show more global impairment. Participants were 24 adults aged 18–55 with high functioning ASD, 24 with ADHD, and 14 age and IQ matched controls. Participants completed three standardised measures of response inhibition. Participants with ASD had generally intact response inhibition but slow response latencies, possibly due to deficits in response initiation. Adults with ADHD did not show the more global impairments hypothesised. There were some significant differences between the clinical groups across measures of inhibition. In terms of performance style, adults with ASD were slow and accurate whilst those with ADHD showed an impulsive style. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1113-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=130

A systematic review of autistic children’s prosocial behaviour / Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 98 (October 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 98 (October 2022) . - 102023 Titre : A systematic review of autistic children’s prosocial behaviour Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT, Auteur ; Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102023 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prosocial behaviour  Comforting  Sharing  Helping  Children  Autistic strengths  Systematic review  PRISMA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prosocial behaviour (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing) is associated with important positive life outcomes. Historical and recent theory, evidence and personal accounts within the autism community present a mixed picture regarding Autistic children’s prosocial engagement. This systematic review consolidates, for the first time, how empirical studies have been measuring Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour to date (objective one). This review clarifies what knowledge the evidence provides, specifically how the type (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing), target (e.g., parent, experimenter, Autistic or neurotypical peer) and timing (e.g., young, middle, and late childhood) affect Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour (objective two). Methods Relevant published records were identified through systematic searches of three electronic databases: PsychINFO, PubMED and Embase. Thirty studies presented in 29 articles met eligibility criteria and were included for data-extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis. Results The most common methodologies used were found to be: in-person paradigms, games, informant reports, and self-reports. Reliability and validity efforts were inconsistent. It is hoped these findings will act as a benchmark for development of future research in the area. Outcomes were found to be much more positive about Autistic children’s engagement in prosocial behaviour than diagnostic criteria and historical theory suggests, with Autistic children often engaging in prosocial behaviour to the same frequency as comparison groups despite unfamiliar and neurotypical targets. Narrative synthesis revealed moderating variables and differing patterns and styles of Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour. Conclusions Findings encourage Autistic strengths-based approaches and caution is expressed regarding findings possibly linked to Autistic masking. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102023 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] A systematic review of autistic children’s prosocial behaviour [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT, Auteur ; Rachel O’CONNOR, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Laura K. TAYLOR, Auteur . - 102023. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 98 (October 2022) . - 102023 Mots-clés : Prosocial behaviour  Comforting  Sharing  Helping  Children  Autistic strengths  Systematic review  PRISMA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prosocial behaviour (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing) is associated with important positive life outcomes. Historical and recent theory, evidence and personal accounts within the autism community present a mixed picture regarding Autistic children’s prosocial engagement. This systematic review consolidates, for the first time, how empirical studies have been measuring Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour to date (objective one). This review clarifies what knowledge the evidence provides, specifically how the type (e.g., comforting, helping, sharing), target (e.g., parent, experimenter, Autistic or neurotypical peer) and timing (e.g., young, middle, and late childhood) affect Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour (objective two). Methods Relevant published records were identified through systematic searches of three electronic databases: PsychINFO, PubMED and Embase. Thirty studies presented in 29 articles met eligibility criteria and were included for data-extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis. Results The most common methodologies used were found to be: in-person paradigms, games, informant reports, and self-reports. Reliability and validity efforts were inconsistent. It is hoped these findings will act as a benchmark for development of future research in the area. Outcomes were found to be much more positive about Autistic children’s engagement in prosocial behaviour than diagnostic criteria and historical theory suggests, with Autistic children often engaging in prosocial behaviour to the same frequency as comparison groups despite unfamiliar and neurotypical targets. Narrative synthesis revealed moderating variables and differing patterns and styles of Autistic children’s prosocial behaviour. Conclusions Findings encourage Autistic strengths-based approaches and caution is expressed regarding findings possibly linked to Autistic masking. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102023 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

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