Atypical patterns of respiratory sinus arrhythmia index an endophenotype for depression / Ilya YAROSLAVSKY in Development and Psychopathology, 26-4 (Part 2) (November 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 26-4 (Part 2) (November 2014) . - p.1337-1352 Titre : Atypical patterns of respiratory sinus arrhythmia index an endophenotype for depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ilya YAROSLAVSKY, Auteur ; Jonathan ROTTENBERG, Auteur ; Maria KOVACS, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.1337-1352 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Can atypical patterns of parasympathetic nervous system activity serve as endophenotypes for depression? Using respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as an index of parasympathetic nervous system function, we examined this question in two studies: one involving mothers with and without depression histories and their offspring (at high and low risk for depression, respectively), and a further study of adolescent sibling pairs concordant and discordant for major depression. In both studies, subjects were exposed to sad mood induction; subjects' RSA was monitored during rest periods and in response to the mood induction. We used Gottesman and Gould's (2003) criteria for an endophenotype and a priori defined “atypical” and “normative” RSA patterns (combinations of resting RSA and RSA reactivity). We found that atypical RSA patterns (a) predicted current depressive episodes and remission status among women with histories of juvenile onset depression and healthy controls, (b) predicted longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms among high- and low-risk young offspring, (c) were concordant across mothers and their juvenile offspring, (d) were more prevalent among never-depressed youth at high risk for depression than their low-risk peers, and (e) were more concordant across adolescent sibling pairs in which both versus only one had a history of major depression. Thus, the results support atypical RSA patterns as an endophenotype for depression. Possible mechanisms by which RSA patterns increase depression risk and their genetic contributors are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414001060 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=245 [article] Atypical patterns of respiratory sinus arrhythmia index an endophenotype for depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ilya YAROSLAVSKY, Auteur ; Jonathan ROTTENBERG, Auteur ; Maria KOVACS, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.1337-1352. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 26-4 (Part 2) (November 2014) . - p.1337-1352 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Can atypical patterns of parasympathetic nervous system activity serve as endophenotypes for depression? Using respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as an index of parasympathetic nervous system function, we examined this question in two studies: one involving mothers with and without depression histories and their offspring (at high and low risk for depression, respectively), and a further study of adolescent sibling pairs concordant and discordant for major depression. In both studies, subjects were exposed to sad mood induction; subjects' RSA was monitored during rest periods and in response to the mood induction. We used Gottesman and Gould's (2003) criteria for an endophenotype and a priori defined “atypical” and “normative” RSA patterns (combinations of resting RSA and RSA reactivity). We found that atypical RSA patterns (a) predicted current depressive episodes and remission status among women with histories of juvenile onset depression and healthy controls, (b) predicted longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms among high- and low-risk young offspring, (c) were concordant across mothers and their juvenile offspring, (d) were more prevalent among never-depressed youth at high risk for depression than their low-risk peers, and (e) were more concordant across adolescent sibling pairs in which both versus only one had a history of major depression. Thus, the results support atypical RSA patterns as an endophenotype for depression. Possible mechanisms by which RSA patterns increase depression risk and their genetic contributors are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414001060 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=245

Emotion regulation deficits mediate childhood sexual abuse effects on stress sensitization and depression outcomes / Ilya YAROSLAVSKY in Development and Psychopathology, 34-1 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 34-1 (February 2022) . - p.157-170 Titre : Emotion regulation deficits mediate childhood sexual abuse effects on stress sensitization and depression outcomes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ilya YAROSLAVSKY, Auteur ; Angela H. BUSH, Auteur ; Christopher M. FRANCE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.157-170 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : childhood sexual abuse  depression  ecological momentary assessment  emotion regulation  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a notable risk factor for depressive disorders. Though multiply determined, increased sensitivity to stress (stress sensitization) and difficulty managing distress (emotion regulation) may reflect two pathways by which CSA confers depression risk. However, it remains unclear whether stress sensitization and emotion regulation deficits contribute to depression risk independently or in a sequential manner. That is, the frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation responses and insufficient use of those that attenuate distress (adaptive emotion regulation) may lead to stress sensitization. We tested competing models of CSA, stress sensitization, and emotion regulation to predict depression symptoms and depressive affects in daily life among adults with and without histories of CSA. Results supported a sequential mediation: CSA predicted greater maladaptive repertoires that, in turn, exacerbated the effects of stress on depression symptoms. Maladaptive responses also exacerbated the effects of daily life stress on contemporaneous negative affect (NA) levels and their increase over time. Independent of stress sensitization, emotion regulation deficits also mediated CSA effects on both depressive outcomes, though the effect of maladaptive strategies was specific to NA, and adaptive responses to positive affect. Our findings suggest that emotion regulation deficits and stress sensitization play key intervening roles between CSA and risk for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457942000098x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474 [article] Emotion regulation deficits mediate childhood sexual abuse effects on stress sensitization and depression outcomes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ilya YAROSLAVSKY, Auteur ; Angela H. BUSH, Auteur ; Christopher M. FRANCE, Auteur . - p.157-170. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 34-1 (February 2022) . - p.157-170 Mots-clés : childhood sexual abuse  depression  ecological momentary assessment  emotion regulation  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a notable risk factor for depressive disorders. Though multiply determined, increased sensitivity to stress (stress sensitization) and difficulty managing distress (emotion regulation) may reflect two pathways by which CSA confers depression risk. However, it remains unclear whether stress sensitization and emotion regulation deficits contribute to depression risk independently or in a sequential manner. That is, the frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation responses and insufficient use of those that attenuate distress (adaptive emotion regulation) may lead to stress sensitization. We tested competing models of CSA, stress sensitization, and emotion regulation to predict depression symptoms and depressive affects in daily life among adults with and without histories of CSA. Results supported a sequential mediation: CSA predicted greater maladaptive repertoires that, in turn, exacerbated the effects of stress on depression symptoms. Maladaptive responses also exacerbated the effects of daily life stress on contemporaneous negative affect (NA) levels and their increase over time. Independent of stress sensitization, emotion regulation deficits also mediated CSA effects on both depressive outcomes, though the effect of maladaptive strategies was specific to NA, and adaptive responses to positive affect. Our findings suggest that emotion regulation deficits and stress sensitization play key intervening roles between CSA and risk for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457942000098x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474

Mood repair via attention refocusing or recall of positive autobiographical memories by adolescents with pediatric-onset major depression / Maria KOVACS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1108-1117 Titre : Mood repair via attention refocusing or recall of positive autobiographical memories by adolescents with pediatric-onset major depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maria KOVACS, Auteur ; Ilya YAROSLAVSKY, Auteur ; Jonathan ROTTENBERG, Auteur ; Charles J. GEORGE, Auteur ; Ildikó BAJI, Auteur ; István BENAK, Auteur ; Roberta DOCHNAL, Auteur ; Kitti HALAS, Auteur ; Enik? KISS, Auteur ; Ágnes VETRO, Auteur ; Krisztina KAPORNAI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1108-1117 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mood repair  emotion regulation  depression  adolescents  attention  positive memories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Impaired emotion regulation is increasingly recognized as a core feature of depressive disorders. Indeed, currently and previously depressed adults both report greater problems in attenuating sadness (mood repair) in daily life than healthy controls. In contrast, studies of various strategies to attenuate sad affect have mostly found that currently or previously depressed adults and controls were similarly successful at mood repair in the laboratory. But few studies have examined mood repair among depression-prone youths or the effects of trait characteristics on mood repair outcomes in the laboratory. Methods Adolescents, whose first episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) had onset at age 9, on average (probands), and were either in remission or depressed, and control peers, watched a sad film clip. Then, they were instructed to engage in refocusing attention (distraction) or recalling happy memories. Using affect ratings provided by the youths, we tested two developmentally informed hypotheses about whether the subject groups would be similarly able to attenuate sadness via the two mood repair strategies. We also explored if self-reported habitual (trait) mood repair influenced laboratory performance. Results Contrary to expectations, attention refocusing and recall of happy memories led to comparable mood benefits across subjects. Control adolescents reported significantly greater reductions in sadness than did depressed (Cohen's d = .48) or remitted (Cohen's d = .32) probands, regardless of mood repair strategy, while currently depressed probands remained the saddest after mood repair. Habitual mood repair styles moderated the effects of instructed (state) mood repair in the laboratory. Conclusions Whether depressed or in remission, adolescents with MDD histories are not as efficient at mood repair in the laboratory as controls. But proband-control group differences in mood repair outcomes were modest in scope, suggesting that the abilities that subserve affect regulation have been preserved in probands to some degree. Further information about the nature of mood repair problems among youths with depression histories would help to better understand the clinical course of MDD and to design personalized interventions for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Mood repair via attention refocusing or recall of positive autobiographical memories by adolescents with pediatric-onset major depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maria KOVACS, Auteur ; Ilya YAROSLAVSKY, Auteur ; Jonathan ROTTENBERG, Auteur ; Charles J. GEORGE, Auteur ; Ildikó BAJI, Auteur ; István BENAK, Auteur ; Roberta DOCHNAL, Auteur ; Kitti HALAS, Auteur ; Enik? KISS, Auteur ; Ágnes VETRO, Auteur ; Krisztina KAPORNAI, Auteur . - p.1108-1117. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1108-1117 Mots-clés : Mood repair  emotion regulation  depression  adolescents  attention  positive memories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Impaired emotion regulation is increasingly recognized as a core feature of depressive disorders. Indeed, currently and previously depressed adults both report greater problems in attenuating sadness (mood repair) in daily life than healthy controls. In contrast, studies of various strategies to attenuate sad affect have mostly found that currently or previously depressed adults and controls were similarly successful at mood repair in the laboratory. But few studies have examined mood repair among depression-prone youths or the effects of trait characteristics on mood repair outcomes in the laboratory. Methods Adolescents, whose first episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) had onset at age 9, on average (probands), and were either in remission or depressed, and control peers, watched a sad film clip. Then, they were instructed to engage in refocusing attention (distraction) or recalling happy memories. Using affect ratings provided by the youths, we tested two developmentally informed hypotheses about whether the subject groups would be similarly able to attenuate sadness via the two mood repair strategies. We also explored if self-reported habitual (trait) mood repair influenced laboratory performance. Results Contrary to expectations, attention refocusing and recall of happy memories led to comparable mood benefits across subjects. Control adolescents reported significantly greater reductions in sadness than did depressed (Cohen's d = .48) or remitted (Cohen's d = .32) probands, regardless of mood repair strategy, while currently depressed probands remained the saddest after mood repair. Habitual mood repair styles moderated the effects of instructed (state) mood repair in the laboratory. Conclusions Whether depressed or in remission, adolescents with MDD histories are not as efficient at mood repair in the laboratory as controls. But proband-control group differences in mood repair outcomes were modest in scope, suggesting that the abilities that subserve affect regulation have been preserved in probands to some degree. Further information about the nature of mood repair problems among youths with depression histories would help to better understand the clinical course of MDD and to design personalized interventions for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Practitioner Review: Dysphoria and its regulation in child and adolescent depression / Maria KOVACS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-7 (July 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-7 (July 2014) . - p.741-757 Titre : Practitioner Review: Dysphoria and its regulation in child and adolescent depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maria KOVACS, Auteur ; Ilya YAROSLAVSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.741-757 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dysphoric experience  emotion regulation  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background By emphasizing the importance of emotions, the ‘affect revolution’ in how human behavior is conceptualized has inspired a new generation of studies on dysphoric experience and its regulation in clinical depression, and novel efforts to characterize the precursors of affective disorders in juveniles at familial risk for depression. Method We review clinical, behavioral, and functional neuroimaging studies of dysphoric experience and its regulation in depressed children and adolescents, and in juvenile offspring of parents with histories of clinical depression. We discuss the implication of the literature in the context of maternal depression. Results Findings confirm the high rate of clinically significant dysphoria in depressed children and adolescents and reveal notable affective lability in daily life as a function of context and activity. Findings also show that depressed youngsters have problems in attenuating dysphoria. Similarly, never-depressed offspring at familial risk for depression display problems in mood repair and impaired mood repair mechanisms. Brain neuroimaging findings indicate that, overall, depressed, and high-risk youngsters differ from never depressed controls in neural functioning (activation, connectivity) both at rest and in response to emotion triggers. Conclusion The evaluation of depressed youngsters should include questions about reactivity of dysphoric mood to the changing contexts of daily life and about how they manage (respond to) their own sadness and distress. The resultant information may help the clinician to restructure a young patient's day for the better and identify helpful mood repair responses. Evidence of impaired mood repair mechanisms in youngsters at high-risk for depression suggests the need for early intervention. But interventions must consider that many depressed and high-risk children have depressed mothers, who may be constrained in their ability to help offspring's emotion regulation efforts. To optimize treatment response of offspring, mothers of depressed children should therefore be routinely screened for depression and treated, as warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12172 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Practitioner Review: Dysphoria and its regulation in child and adolescent depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maria KOVACS, Auteur ; Ilya YAROSLAVSKY, Auteur . - p.741-757. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-7 (July 2014) . - p.741-757 Mots-clés : Dysphoric experience  emotion regulation  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background By emphasizing the importance of emotions, the ‘affect revolution’ in how human behavior is conceptualized has inspired a new generation of studies on dysphoric experience and its regulation in clinical depression, and novel efforts to characterize the precursors of affective disorders in juveniles at familial risk for depression. Method We review clinical, behavioral, and functional neuroimaging studies of dysphoric experience and its regulation in depressed children and adolescents, and in juvenile offspring of parents with histories of clinical depression. We discuss the implication of the literature in the context of maternal depression. Results Findings confirm the high rate of clinically significant dysphoria in depressed children and adolescents and reveal notable affective lability in daily life as a function of context and activity. Findings also show that depressed youngsters have problems in attenuating dysphoria. Similarly, never-depressed offspring at familial risk for depression display problems in mood repair and impaired mood repair mechanisms. Brain neuroimaging findings indicate that, overall, depressed, and high-risk youngsters differ from never depressed controls in neural functioning (activation, connectivity) both at rest and in response to emotion triggers. Conclusion The evaluation of depressed youngsters should include questions about reactivity of dysphoric mood to the changing contexts of daily life and about how they manage (respond to) their own sadness and distress. The resultant information may help the clinician to restructure a young patient's day for the better and identify helpful mood repair responses. Evidence of impaired mood repair mechanisms in youngsters at high-risk for depression suggests the need for early intervention. But interventions must consider that many depressed and high-risk children have depressed mothers, who may be constrained in their ability to help offspring's emotion regulation efforts. To optimize treatment response of offspring, mothers of depressed children should therefore be routinely screened for depression and treated, as warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12172 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

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