Dépouillements

Editorial: Painting by numbers: using modern approaches to analyse and visualise clinical and research data / David COGHILL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1035-1037 Titre : Editorial: Painting by numbers: using modern approaches to analyse and visualise clinical and research data Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David COGHILL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1035-1037 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Early detection  ethical issues  assessment  neurodevelopmental disorders  incorrect identification  data visualisation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A broad range of modern mathematical and statistical approaches alongside vastly increased computing power have opened up new posibilities for the management and analysis of research data. These approaches have allowed researchers to link data from large public registries and then explore these very large and complex datasets. Machine learning approaches that can both learn from and make predictions about data are helping us move closer to a personalised medicine approach. These advances in data management and analysis have been mirrored by the development of various innovative, creative and informative visualisation tools and approaches that offer the researcher fantastic possibilities to improve the clarity of their presentations and increase the impact of their research. In order to make the best use of these opportunities it will be important to ensure that we are more consistent in bringing the right kind of skills into our research teams at the beginning of the process rather than turning to them as an afterthought at the end of the process. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12467 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Editorial: Painting by numbers: using modern approaches to analyse and visualise clinical and research data [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David COGHILL, Auteur . - p.1035-1037. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1035-1037 Mots-clés : Early detection  ethical issues  assessment  neurodevelopmental disorders  incorrect identification  data visualisation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A broad range of modern mathematical and statistical approaches alongside vastly increased computing power have opened up new posibilities for the management and analysis of research data. These approaches have allowed researchers to link data from large public registries and then explore these very large and complex datasets. Machine learning approaches that can both learn from and make predictions about data are helping us move closer to a personalised medicine approach. These advances in data management and analysis have been mirrored by the development of various innovative, creative and informative visualisation tools and approaches that offer the researcher fantastic possibilities to improve the clarity of their presentations and increase the impact of their research. In order to make the best use of these opportunities it will be important to ensure that we are more consistent in bringing the right kind of skills into our research teams at the beginning of the process rather than turning to them as an afterthought at the end of the process. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12467 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Editor conflicts of interest statements, 2015 in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1038-1038 Titre : Editor conflicts of interest statements, 2015 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.1038-1038 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conflicts of interest  declarations  editorial integrity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Editors have been asked to disclose their financial interests or other relationships that could be viewed as potential conflicts of interest (COI) as they might relate to editorial judgements. The COI period covered extends to the 36 month period prior to 31 July 2015, and declarations are in accordance with recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journals Editors (ICMJE). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12468 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Editor conflicts of interest statements, 2015 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.1038-1038. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1038-1038 Mots-clés : Conflicts of interest  declarations  editorial integrity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Editors have been asked to disclose their financial interests or other relationships that could be viewed as potential conflicts of interest (COI) as they might relate to editorial judgements. The COI period covered extends to the 36 month period prior to 31 July 2015, and declarations are in accordance with recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journals Editors (ICMJE). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12468 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Editorial Perspective: Pathological social withdrawal during adolescence: a culture-specific or a global phenomenon? / Tim M. H. LI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1039-1041 Titre : Editorial Perspective: Pathological social withdrawal during adolescence: a culture-specific or a global phenomenon? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tim M. H. LI, Auteur ; Paul W. C. WONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1039-1041 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Youth social withdrawal  hikikomori  contemporary youth issue  risk behavior  psychopathology  intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairing patterns of long-term adolescent social withdrawal and self-exclusion, including nonattendance at school or work, and minimal social contact, have been identified as a significant clinical and social problem in Japan since the late 1990s, where it is termed hikikomori. As well clinical impairment for the withdrawn youths and burden for the families, hikikomori has brought societal and health service costs in Japan. Since its first identification, similar cases have been reported in other countries. Socially withdrawn youths, unfortunately, are difficult to identify and their risks can be ‘invisible’ because of their withdrawn nature and the traditional perspective of what is perceived as at-risk youth. Understanding of the issue including its causes, risks, and outcomes is very limited. In this editorial perspective, we highlight how youth social withdrawal is becoming a clinical and social concern in some parts of the world and respond to the lack of research on this issue by synthesizing some of the basic research findings, and suggesting future directions for research and practice relating to this emerging youth phenomenon in middle-and-high-income countries in the hope of bringing more attention to this issue. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12440 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Editorial Perspective: Pathological social withdrawal during adolescence: a culture-specific or a global phenomenon? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tim M. H. LI, Auteur ; Paul W. C. WONG, Auteur . - p.1039-1041. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1039-1041 Mots-clés : Youth social withdrawal  hikikomori  contemporary youth issue  risk behavior  psychopathology  intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairing patterns of long-term adolescent social withdrawal and self-exclusion, including nonattendance at school or work, and minimal social contact, have been identified as a significant clinical and social problem in Japan since the late 1990s, where it is termed hikikomori. As well clinical impairment for the withdrawn youths and burden for the families, hikikomori has brought societal and health service costs in Japan. Since its first identification, similar cases have been reported in other countries. Socially withdrawn youths, unfortunately, are difficult to identify and their risks can be ‘invisible’ because of their withdrawn nature and the traditional perspective of what is perceived as at-risk youth. Understanding of the issue including its causes, risks, and outcomes is very limited. In this editorial perspective, we highlight how youth social withdrawal is becoming a clinical and social concern in some parts of the world and respond to the lack of research on this issue by synthesizing some of the basic research findings, and suggesting future directions for research and practice relating to this emerging youth phenomenon in middle-and-high-income countries in the hope of bringing more attention to this issue. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12440 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Practitioner Review: Self-injurious behaviour in children with developmental delay / Chris OLIVER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1042-1054 Titre : Practitioner Review: Self-injurious behaviour in children with developmental delay Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chris OLIVER, Auteur ; Caroline RICHARDS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1042-1054 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Self-injury  applied behaviour analysis  autism spectrum disorder  genetic syndrome  behavioural phenotype  behaviour dysregulation  intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Self-injurious behaviour is shown by a significant minority of children with developmental delay and has a substantial impact on child and carer wellbeing. Characteristics such as a greater degree of intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, some genetic syndromes and repetitive and impulsive behaviours are positively associated with self-injury. Prevalence generally increases with age into midadulthood and the behaviour is notably persistent. Scope In this review, we discuss the dominant causal theory of self-injury which draws on the principles of operant learning. We evaluate the utility of this theory to account for all empirical observations of self-injury. Findings A model of self-injury is presented that extends a previous model described by Guess and Carr. The new model integrates child characteristics and operant learning principles in a phenotype × environment paradigm to explain the variance in developmental trajectory of the severity of self-injury. Conclusions Behaviour dysregulation, as evidenced by the associations between self-injury, self-restraint, repetitive and impulsive behaviours, is identified as potentially influencing the severity and persistence of self-injury. Risk markers for self-injury are identified and the extended model indicates points of intervention and highlights the possibility of risk-related, targeted early intervention. The need for increased training of practitioners in the delivery of demonstrably effective interventions for self-injury is identified. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12425 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Practitioner Review: Self-injurious behaviour in children with developmental delay [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chris OLIVER, Auteur ; Caroline RICHARDS, Auteur . - p.1042-1054. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1042-1054 Mots-clés : Self-injury  applied behaviour analysis  autism spectrum disorder  genetic syndrome  behavioural phenotype  behaviour dysregulation  intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Self-injurious behaviour is shown by a significant minority of children with developmental delay and has a substantial impact on child and carer wellbeing. Characteristics such as a greater degree of intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, some genetic syndromes and repetitive and impulsive behaviours are positively associated with self-injury. Prevalence generally increases with age into midadulthood and the behaviour is notably persistent. Scope In this review, we discuss the dominant causal theory of self-injury which draws on the principles of operant learning. We evaluate the utility of this theory to account for all empirical observations of self-injury. Findings A model of self-injury is presented that extends a previous model described by Guess and Carr. The new model integrates child characteristics and operant learning principles in a phenotype × environment paradigm to explain the variance in developmental trajectory of the severity of self-injury. Conclusions Behaviour dysregulation, as evidenced by the associations between self-injury, self-restraint, repetitive and impulsive behaviours, is identified as potentially influencing the severity and persistence of self-injury. Risk markers for self-injury are identified and the extended model indicates points of intervention and highlights the possibility of risk-related, targeted early intervention. The need for increased training of practitioners in the delivery of demonstrably effective interventions for self-injury is identified. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12425 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Living alongside more affluent neighbors predicts greater involvement in antisocial behavior among low-income boys / Candice L. ODGERS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1055-1064 Titre : Living alongside more affluent neighbors predicts greater involvement in antisocial behavior among low-income boys Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Candice L. ODGERS, Auteur ; Sachiko DONLEY, Auteur ; Avshalom CASPI, Auteur ; Christopher J. BATES, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1055-1064 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Children's antisocial behavior  socioeconomic status  economic inequality  neighborhood poverty  economically mixed communities  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The creation of economically mixed communities has been proposed as one way to improve the life outcomes of children growing up in poverty. However, whether low-income children benefit from living alongside more affluent neighbors is unknown. Method Prospectively gathered data on over 1,600 children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study living in urban environments is used to test whether living alongside more affluent neighbors (measured via high-resolution geo-spatial indices) predicts low-income children's antisocial behavior (reported by mothers and teachers at the ages of 5, 7, 10, and 12). Results Results indicated that low-income boys (but not girls) surrounded by more affluent neighbors had higher levels of antisocial behavior than their peers embedded in concentrated poverty. The negative effect of growing up alongside more affluent neighbors on low-income boys' antisocial behavior held across childhood and after controlling for key neighborhood and family-level factors. Conclusions Findings suggest that efforts to create more economically mixed communities for children, if not properly supported, may have iatrogenic effects on boys' antisocial behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12380 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Living alongside more affluent neighbors predicts greater involvement in antisocial behavior among low-income boys [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Candice L. ODGERS, Auteur ; Sachiko DONLEY, Auteur ; Avshalom CASPI, Auteur ; Christopher J. BATES, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur . - p.1055-1064. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1055-1064 Mots-clés : Children's antisocial behavior  socioeconomic status  economic inequality  neighborhood poverty  economically mixed communities  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The creation of economically mixed communities has been proposed as one way to improve the life outcomes of children growing up in poverty. However, whether low-income children benefit from living alongside more affluent neighbors is unknown. Method Prospectively gathered data on over 1,600 children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study living in urban environments is used to test whether living alongside more affluent neighbors (measured via high-resolution geo-spatial indices) predicts low-income children's antisocial behavior (reported by mothers and teachers at the ages of 5, 7, 10, and 12). Results Results indicated that low-income boys (but not girls) surrounded by more affluent neighbors had higher levels of antisocial behavior than their peers embedded in concentrated poverty. The negative effect of growing up alongside more affluent neighbors on low-income boys' antisocial behavior held across childhood and after controlling for key neighborhood and family-level factors. Conclusions Findings suggest that efforts to create more economically mixed communities for children, if not properly supported, may have iatrogenic effects on boys' antisocial behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12380 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Early childhood behavioral inhibition, adult psychopathology and the buffering effects of adolescent social networks: a twenty-year prospective study / Tahl I. FRENKEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1065-1073 Titre : Early childhood behavioral inhibition, adult psychopathology and the buffering effects of adolescent social networks: a twenty-year prospective study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tahl I. FRENKEL, Auteur ; Nathan A. FOX, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Olga L. WALKER, Auteur ; Kathryn A. DEGNAN, Auteur ; Andrea CHRONIS-TUSCANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1065-1073 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child temperament  adult psychopathology  anxiety  adolescence  social networks Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We examined whether the temperament of behavioral inhibition is a significant marker for psychopathology in early adulthood and whether such risk is buffered by peer social networks. Methods Participants (N = 165) were from a prospective study spanning the first two decades of life. Temperament was characterized during infancy and early childhood. Extent of involvement in peer social networks was measured during adolescence, and psychopathology was assessed in early adulthood. Latent Class Analyses generated comprehensive variables at each of three study time-points. Regressions assessed (a) the direct effect of early behavioral inhibition on adult psychopathology (b) the moderating effect of adolescent involvement in social peer networks on the link between temperamental risk and adult psychopathology. Results Stable behavioral inhibition in early childhood was negatively associated with adult mental health (R2 = .07, p = .005, ? = ?.26), specifically increasing risk for adult anxiety disorders (R2 = .04, p = .037, ? = .19). These temperament-pathology relations were significantly moderated by adolescent peer group social involvement and network size (Total R2 = .13, p = .027, ? = ?.22). Temperament predicted heightened risk for adult anxiety when adolescent social involvement was low (p = .002, ? = .43), but not when adolescent social involvement was high. Conclusions Stable behavioral inhibition throughout early childhood is a risk factor for adult anxiety disorders and interacts with adolescent social involvement to moderate risk. This is the first study to demonstrate the critical role of adolescent involvement in socially active networks in moderating long-lasting temperamental risk over the course of two decades, thus informing prevention/intervention approaches. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12390 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Early childhood behavioral inhibition, adult psychopathology and the buffering effects of adolescent social networks: a twenty-year prospective study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tahl I. FRENKEL, Auteur ; Nathan A. FOX, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Olga L. WALKER, Auteur ; Kathryn A. DEGNAN, Auteur ; Andrea CHRONIS-TUSCANO, Auteur . - p.1065-1073. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1065-1073 Mots-clés : Child temperament  adult psychopathology  anxiety  adolescence  social networks Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We examined whether the temperament of behavioral inhibition is a significant marker for psychopathology in early adulthood and whether such risk is buffered by peer social networks. Methods Participants (N = 165) were from a prospective study spanning the first two decades of life. Temperament was characterized during infancy and early childhood. Extent of involvement in peer social networks was measured during adolescence, and psychopathology was assessed in early adulthood. Latent Class Analyses generated comprehensive variables at each of three study time-points. Regressions assessed (a) the direct effect of early behavioral inhibition on adult psychopathology (b) the moderating effect of adolescent involvement in social peer networks on the link between temperamental risk and adult psychopathology. Results Stable behavioral inhibition in early childhood was negatively associated with adult mental health (R2 = .07, p = .005, ? = ?.26), specifically increasing risk for adult anxiety disorders (R2 = .04, p = .037, ? = .19). These temperament-pathology relations were significantly moderated by adolescent peer group social involvement and network size (Total R2 = .13, p = .027, ? = ?.22). Temperament predicted heightened risk for adult anxiety when adolescent social involvement was low (p = .002, ? = .43), but not when adolescent social involvement was high. Conclusions Stable behavioral inhibition throughout early childhood is a risk factor for adult anxiety disorders and interacts with adolescent social involvement to moderate risk. This is the first study to demonstrate the critical role of adolescent involvement in socially active networks in moderating long-lasting temperamental risk over the course of two decades, thus informing prevention/intervention approaches. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12390 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Phenotypic and genetic associations between reading comprehension, decoding skills, and ADHD dimensions: evidence from two population-based studies / Vickie PLOURDE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1074-1082 Titre : Phenotypic and genetic associations between reading comprehension, decoding skills, and ADHD dimensions: evidence from two population-based studies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vickie PLOURDE, Auteur ; Michel BOIVIN, Auteur ; Nadine FORGET-DUBOIS, Auteur ; Mara BRENDGEN, Auteur ; Frank VITARO, Auteur ; Cecilia MARINO, Auteur ; Richard T. TREMBLAY, Auteur ; Ginette DIONNE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1074-1082 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reading  decoding  comprehension  inattention  hyperactivity/impulsivity  population-based studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The phenotypic and genetic associations between decoding skills and ADHD dimensions have been documented but less is known about the association with reading comprehension. The aim of the study is to document the phenotypic and genetic associations between reading comprehension and ADHD dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in early schooling and compare them to those with decoding skills. Methods Data were collected in two population-based samples of twins (Quebec Newborn Twin Study – QNTS) and singletons (Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development – QLSCD) totaling ? 2300 children. Reading was assessed with normed measures in second or third grade. Teachers assessed ADHD dimensions in kindergarten and first grade. Results Both decoding and reading comprehension were correlated with ADHD dimensions in a similar way: associations with inattention remained after controlling for the other ADHD dimension, behavior disorder symptoms and nonverbal abilities, whereas associations with hyperactivity/impulsivity did not. Genetic modeling showed that decoding and comprehension largely shared the same genetic etiology at this age and that their associations with inattention were mostly explained by shared genetic influences. Conclusion Both reading comprehension and decoding are uniquely associated with inattention through a shared genetic etiology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12394 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Phenotypic and genetic associations between reading comprehension, decoding skills, and ADHD dimensions: evidence from two population-based studies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vickie PLOURDE, Auteur ; Michel BOIVIN, Auteur ; Nadine FORGET-DUBOIS, Auteur ; Mara BRENDGEN, Auteur ; Frank VITARO, Auteur ; Cecilia MARINO, Auteur ; Richard T. TREMBLAY, Auteur ; Ginette DIONNE, Auteur . - p.1074-1082. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1074-1082 Mots-clés : Reading  decoding  comprehension  inattention  hyperactivity/impulsivity  population-based studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The phenotypic and genetic associations between decoding skills and ADHD dimensions have been documented but less is known about the association with reading comprehension. The aim of the study is to document the phenotypic and genetic associations between reading comprehension and ADHD dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in early schooling and compare them to those with decoding skills. Methods Data were collected in two population-based samples of twins (Quebec Newborn Twin Study – QNTS) and singletons (Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development – QLSCD) totaling ? 2300 children. Reading was assessed with normed measures in second or third grade. Teachers assessed ADHD dimensions in kindergarten and first grade. Results Both decoding and reading comprehension were correlated with ADHD dimensions in a similar way: associations with inattention remained after controlling for the other ADHD dimension, behavior disorder symptoms and nonverbal abilities, whereas associations with hyperactivity/impulsivity did not. Genetic modeling showed that decoding and comprehension largely shared the same genetic etiology at this age and that their associations with inattention were mostly explained by shared genetic influences. Conclusion Both reading comprehension and decoding are uniquely associated with inattention through a shared genetic etiology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12394 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Maternal depression in childhood and aggression in young adulthood: evidence for mediation by offspring amygdala–hippocampal volume ratio / Mary GILLIAM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1083-1091 Titre : Maternal depression in childhood and aggression in young adulthood: evidence for mediation by offspring amygdala–hippocampal volume ratio Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mary GILLIAM, Auteur ; Erika E. FORBES, Auteur ; Peter J. GIANAROS, Auteur ; Kirk I. ERICKSON, Auteur ; Lauretta M. BRENNAN, Auteur ; Daniel S. SHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1083-1091 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Maternal depression  aggression  brain imaging  longitudinal studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is abundant evidence that offspring of depressed mothers are at increased risk for persistent behavior problems related to emotion regulation, but the mechanisms by which offspring incur this risk are not entirely clear. Early adverse caregiving experiences have been associated with structural alterations in the amygdala and hippocampus, which parallel findings of cortical regions altered in adults with behavior problems related to emotion regulation. This study examined whether exposure to maternal depression during childhood might predict increased aggression and/or depression in early adulthood, and whether offspring amygdala:hippocampal volume ratio might mediate this relationship. Methods Participants were 258 mothers and sons at socioeconomic risk for behavior problems. Sons' trajectories of exposure to maternal depression were generated from eight reports collected prospectively from offspring ages 18 months to 10 years. Offspring brain structure, aggression, and depression were assessed at age 20 (n = 170). Results Persistent, moderately high trajectories of maternal depression during childhood predicted increased aggression in adult offspring. In contrast, stable and very elevated trajectories of maternal depression during childhood predicted depression in adult offspring. Increased amygdala: hippocampal volume ratios at age 20 were significantly associated with concurrently increased aggression, but not depression, in adult offspring. Offspring amygdala: hippocampal volume ratio mediated the relationship found between trajectories of moderately elevated maternal depression during childhood and aggression in adult offspring. Conclusions Alterations in the relative size of brain structures implicated in emotion regulation may be one mechanism by which offspring of depressed mothers incur increased risk for the development of aggression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12364 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Maternal depression in childhood and aggression in young adulthood: evidence for mediation by offspring amygdala–hippocampal volume ratio [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mary GILLIAM, Auteur ; Erika E. FORBES, Auteur ; Peter J. GIANAROS, Auteur ; Kirk I. ERICKSON, Auteur ; Lauretta M. BRENNAN, Auteur ; Daniel S. SHAW, Auteur . - p.1083-1091. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1083-1091 Mots-clés : Maternal depression  aggression  brain imaging  longitudinal studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is abundant evidence that offspring of depressed mothers are at increased risk for persistent behavior problems related to emotion regulation, but the mechanisms by which offspring incur this risk are not entirely clear. Early adverse caregiving experiences have been associated with structural alterations in the amygdala and hippocampus, which parallel findings of cortical regions altered in adults with behavior problems related to emotion regulation. This study examined whether exposure to maternal depression during childhood might predict increased aggression and/or depression in early adulthood, and whether offspring amygdala:hippocampal volume ratio might mediate this relationship. Methods Participants were 258 mothers and sons at socioeconomic risk for behavior problems. Sons' trajectories of exposure to maternal depression were generated from eight reports collected prospectively from offspring ages 18 months to 10 years. Offspring brain structure, aggression, and depression were assessed at age 20 (n = 170). Results Persistent, moderately high trajectories of maternal depression during childhood predicted increased aggression in adult offspring. In contrast, stable and very elevated trajectories of maternal depression during childhood predicted depression in adult offspring. Increased amygdala: hippocampal volume ratios at age 20 were significantly associated with concurrently increased aggression, but not depression, in adult offspring. Offspring amygdala: hippocampal volume ratio mediated the relationship found between trajectories of moderately elevated maternal depression during childhood and aggression in adult offspring. Conclusions Alterations in the relative size of brain structures implicated in emotion regulation may be one mechanism by which offspring of depressed mothers incur increased risk for the development of aggression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12364 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to adolescent depressive symptoms: the unique contribution of irritability symptoms / Yvonne M. WHELAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1092-1100 Titre : Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to adolescent depressive symptoms: the unique contribution of irritability symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yvonne M. WHELAN, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1092-1100 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychopathology  oppositional defiant disorder  depression  development  mother–child relationships Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The authors tested three possible pathways linking prenatal maternal depressive symptoms to adolescent depressive symptoms. These pathways went through childhood Irritability Symptoms, Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms or Conduct Problems. Method Data were collected from 3,963 mother–child pairs participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Measures include maternal depressive symptoms (pre- and postnatal); toddler temperament (2 years); childhood (7–13 years) irritability symptoms, anxiety/depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and adolescent depressive symptoms (16 years). Results Irritability Symptoms: This pathway linked sequentially – prenatal maternal depressive symptoms, toddler temperament (high perceived intensity and low perceived adaptability), childhood irritability symptoms, and adolescent depressive symptoms. Anxiety/Depressive symptoms: This pathway linked sequentially – prenatal maternal depressive symptoms, toddler temperament (negative perceived mood), childhood anxiety/depressive symptoms, and adolescent depressive symptoms. Childhood conduct problems were not associated with adolescent depressive symptoms, above and beyond irritability symptoms and anxiety/depressive symptoms. Conclusions Results suggest evidence for two distinct developmental pathways to adolescent depressive symptoms that involve specific early and midchildhood features. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12395 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to adolescent depressive symptoms: the unique contribution of irritability symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yvonne M. WHELAN, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur . - p.1092-1100. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1092-1100 Mots-clés : Psychopathology  oppositional defiant disorder  depression  development  mother–child relationships Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The authors tested three possible pathways linking prenatal maternal depressive symptoms to adolescent depressive symptoms. These pathways went through childhood Irritability Symptoms, Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms or Conduct Problems. Method Data were collected from 3,963 mother–child pairs participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Measures include maternal depressive symptoms (pre- and postnatal); toddler temperament (2 years); childhood (7–13 years) irritability symptoms, anxiety/depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and adolescent depressive symptoms (16 years). Results Irritability Symptoms: This pathway linked sequentially – prenatal maternal depressive symptoms, toddler temperament (high perceived intensity and low perceived adaptability), childhood irritability symptoms, and adolescent depressive symptoms. Anxiety/Depressive symptoms: This pathway linked sequentially – prenatal maternal depressive symptoms, toddler temperament (negative perceived mood), childhood anxiety/depressive symptoms, and adolescent depressive symptoms. Childhood conduct problems were not associated with adolescent depressive symptoms, above and beyond irritability symptoms and anxiety/depressive symptoms. Conclusions Results suggest evidence for two distinct developmental pathways to adolescent depressive symptoms that involve specific early and midchildhood features. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12395 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1101-1107 Titre : The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ryan K. MCBAIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. NEWNHAM, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1101-1107 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : War  depression  anxiety  intergenerational  dyadic analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Trauma from witnessing events such as bombings and killings as well as direct victimization or participation in violence has been associated with psychosocial distress and poor mental health among war-exposed children and adolescents. This study examines the relationship between caregiver mental health and child internalizing (anxiety and depression) symptoms over a 4-year period in postconflict Sierra Leone. Methods The sample included 118 adolescent Sierra Leonean youth (73% male; mean age = 16.5 years at Time 1) and their caregivers (40% male; mean age = 39.0 at Time 1). To measure depression and anxiety symptoms, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist–25 was used with adults and the Oxford Measure of Psychosocial Adjustment – previously validated for use with children and adolescents in the region – was used to assess youth. A multivariate hierarchical linear model (HLM) for studying change within dyads was implemented to study covariation in internalizing symptoms among caregivers and youth over time; these models also included covariates at the individual, family and community levels. The relationship of caregiver mental health to child's internalizing was tested in a latent variable extension of the HLM. Results The latent variable extension estimated that a one standard deviation (SD) change in caregiver anxiety/depression was associated with a .43 SD change in youth internalizing (p < .01) over the 4-year period. Family acceptance was negatively related to youth internalizing (p < .001), while community stigma was positively associated (p < .001). Conclusions The findings highlight an important interplay between caregiver and child mental health within the postconflict setting and the need for psychosocial interventions to extend beyond the individual to account for family dynamics. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12389 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ryan K. MCBAIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. NEWNHAM, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur . - p.1101-1107. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1101-1107 Mots-clés : War  depression  anxiety  intergenerational  dyadic analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Trauma from witnessing events such as bombings and killings as well as direct victimization or participation in violence has been associated with psychosocial distress and poor mental health among war-exposed children and adolescents. This study examines the relationship between caregiver mental health and child internalizing (anxiety and depression) symptoms over a 4-year period in postconflict Sierra Leone. Methods The sample included 118 adolescent Sierra Leonean youth (73% male; mean age = 16.5 years at Time 1) and their caregivers (40% male; mean age = 39.0 at Time 1). To measure depression and anxiety symptoms, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist–25 was used with adults and the Oxford Measure of Psychosocial Adjustment – previously validated for use with children and adolescents in the region – was used to assess youth. A multivariate hierarchical linear model (HLM) for studying change within dyads was implemented to study covariation in internalizing symptoms among caregivers and youth over time; these models also included covariates at the individual, family and community levels. The relationship of caregiver mental health to child's internalizing was tested in a latent variable extension of the HLM. Results The latent variable extension estimated that a one standard deviation (SD) change in caregiver anxiety/depression was associated with a .43 SD change in youth internalizing (p < .01) over the 4-year period. Family acceptance was negatively related to youth internalizing (p < .001), while community stigma was positively associated (p < .001). Conclusions The findings highlight an important interplay between caregiver and child mental health within the postconflict setting and the need for psychosocial interventions to extend beyond the individual to account for family dynamics. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12389 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Mood repair via attention refocusing or recall of positive autobiographical memories by adolescents with pediatric-onset major depression / Maria KOVACS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1108-1117 Titre : Mood repair via attention refocusing or recall of positive autobiographical memories by adolescents with pediatric-onset major depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maria KOVACS, Auteur ; Ilya YAROSLAVSKY, Auteur ; Jonathan ROTTENBERG, Auteur ; Charles J. GEORGE, Auteur ; Ildikó BAJI, Auteur ; István BENAK, Auteur ; Roberta DOCHNAL, Auteur ; Kitti HALAS, Auteur ; Enik? KISS, Auteur ; Ágnes VETRO, Auteur ; Krisztina KAPORNAI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1108-1117 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mood repair  emotion regulation  depression  adolescents  attention  positive memories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Impaired emotion regulation is increasingly recognized as a core feature of depressive disorders. Indeed, currently and previously depressed adults both report greater problems in attenuating sadness (mood repair) in daily life than healthy controls. In contrast, studies of various strategies to attenuate sad affect have mostly found that currently or previously depressed adults and controls were similarly successful at mood repair in the laboratory. But few studies have examined mood repair among depression-prone youths or the effects of trait characteristics on mood repair outcomes in the laboratory. Methods Adolescents, whose first episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) had onset at age 9, on average (probands), and were either in remission or depressed, and control peers, watched a sad film clip. Then, they were instructed to engage in refocusing attention (distraction) or recalling happy memories. Using affect ratings provided by the youths, we tested two developmentally informed hypotheses about whether the subject groups would be similarly able to attenuate sadness via the two mood repair strategies. We also explored if self-reported habitual (trait) mood repair influenced laboratory performance. Results Contrary to expectations, attention refocusing and recall of happy memories led to comparable mood benefits across subjects. Control adolescents reported significantly greater reductions in sadness than did depressed (Cohen's d = .48) or remitted (Cohen's d = .32) probands, regardless of mood repair strategy, while currently depressed probands remained the saddest after mood repair. Habitual mood repair styles moderated the effects of instructed (state) mood repair in the laboratory. Conclusions Whether depressed or in remission, adolescents with MDD histories are not as efficient at mood repair in the laboratory as controls. But proband-control group differences in mood repair outcomes were modest in scope, suggesting that the abilities that subserve affect regulation have been preserved in probands to some degree. Further information about the nature of mood repair problems among youths with depression histories would help to better understand the clinical course of MDD and to design personalized interventions for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Mood repair via attention refocusing or recall of positive autobiographical memories by adolescents with pediatric-onset major depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maria KOVACS, Auteur ; Ilya YAROSLAVSKY, Auteur ; Jonathan ROTTENBERG, Auteur ; Charles J. GEORGE, Auteur ; Ildikó BAJI, Auteur ; István BENAK, Auteur ; Roberta DOCHNAL, Auteur ; Kitti HALAS, Auteur ; Enik? KISS, Auteur ; Ágnes VETRO, Auteur ; Krisztina KAPORNAI, Auteur . - p.1108-1117. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1108-1117 Mots-clés : Mood repair  emotion regulation  depression  adolescents  attention  positive memories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Impaired emotion regulation is increasingly recognized as a core feature of depressive disorders. Indeed, currently and previously depressed adults both report greater problems in attenuating sadness (mood repair) in daily life than healthy controls. In contrast, studies of various strategies to attenuate sad affect have mostly found that currently or previously depressed adults and controls were similarly successful at mood repair in the laboratory. But few studies have examined mood repair among depression-prone youths or the effects of trait characteristics on mood repair outcomes in the laboratory. Methods Adolescents, whose first episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) had onset at age 9, on average (probands), and were either in remission or depressed, and control peers, watched a sad film clip. Then, they were instructed to engage in refocusing attention (distraction) or recalling happy memories. Using affect ratings provided by the youths, we tested two developmentally informed hypotheses about whether the subject groups would be similarly able to attenuate sadness via the two mood repair strategies. We also explored if self-reported habitual (trait) mood repair influenced laboratory performance. Results Contrary to expectations, attention refocusing and recall of happy memories led to comparable mood benefits across subjects. Control adolescents reported significantly greater reductions in sadness than did depressed (Cohen's d = .48) or remitted (Cohen's d = .32) probands, regardless of mood repair strategy, while currently depressed probands remained the saddest after mood repair. Habitual mood repair styles moderated the effects of instructed (state) mood repair in the laboratory. Conclusions Whether depressed or in remission, adolescents with MDD histories are not as efficient at mood repair in the laboratory as controls. But proband-control group differences in mood repair outcomes were modest in scope, suggesting that the abilities that subserve affect regulation have been preserved in probands to some degree. Further information about the nature of mood repair problems among youths with depression histories would help to better understand the clinical course of MDD and to design personalized interventions for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Irritability in boys with autism spectrum disorders: an investigation of physiological reactivity / Nina MIKITA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1118-1126 Titre : Irritability in boys with autism spectrum disorders: an investigation of physiological reactivity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nina MIKITA, Auteur ; Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Andrew S. PAPADOPOULOS, Auteur ; Alexandra ASLANI, Auteur ; Simon HARRISON, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1118-1126 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  irritability  cortisol  heart rate  psychosocial stress test Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Irritability in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is common and impairing, yet its mechanisms remain understudied. We investigated symptom reporting and mechanisms of irritability in ASD, focusing on the relation between irritability and physiological stress responses. Methods Forty-seven unmedicated boys with high-functioning ASD (hfASD) and 23 typically developing boys aged 10–16 years completed a psychosocial stress test. Changes in cortisol, heart rate and heart rate variability throughout the test were recorded. Self- and parent-reported measures of irritability were obtained. Irritability symptom reporting in the hfASD group was compared to two groups of boys without ASD: highly irritable boys (severe mood dysregulation, SMD; n = 40) and healthy-control boys (HC; n = 30). Results Boys with hfASD scored significantly higher on irritability than HC boys, and they reported a pattern of irritability symptoms closely resembling that of boys with SMD. The internal consistency of irritability in hfASD was high by parent- and self-report. Although boys with hfASD showed significant stress-induced changes in cortisol and heart rate, those who rated themselves as highly irritable had lower cortisol levels throughout the test compared to those low on irritability. Participants rated as highly irritable by their parents showed blunted cortisol and heart rate responses to stress. The effects of irritability on heart rate, but not cortisol, were accounted for by trait anxiety. Conclusions Irritability can be measured reliably in hfASD and is associated with distinct biological responses to stress. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12382 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Irritability in boys with autism spectrum disorders: an investigation of physiological reactivity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nina MIKITA, Auteur ; Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Andrew S. PAPADOPOULOS, Auteur ; Alexandra ASLANI, Auteur ; Simon HARRISON, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur . - p.1118-1126. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1118-1126 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  irritability  cortisol  heart rate  psychosocial stress test Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Irritability in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is common and impairing, yet its mechanisms remain understudied. We investigated symptom reporting and mechanisms of irritability in ASD, focusing on the relation between irritability and physiological stress responses. Methods Forty-seven unmedicated boys with high-functioning ASD (hfASD) and 23 typically developing boys aged 10–16 years completed a psychosocial stress test. Changes in cortisol, heart rate and heart rate variability throughout the test were recorded. Self- and parent-reported measures of irritability were obtained. Irritability symptom reporting in the hfASD group was compared to two groups of boys without ASD: highly irritable boys (severe mood dysregulation, SMD; n = 40) and healthy-control boys (HC; n = 30). Results Boys with hfASD scored significantly higher on irritability than HC boys, and they reported a pattern of irritability symptoms closely resembling that of boys with SMD. The internal consistency of irritability in hfASD was high by parent- and self-report. Although boys with hfASD showed significant stress-induced changes in cortisol and heart rate, those who rated themselves as highly irritable had lower cortisol levels throughout the test compared to those low on irritability. Participants rated as highly irritable by their parents showed blunted cortisol and heart rate responses to stress. The effects of irritability on heart rate, but not cortisol, were accounted for by trait anxiety. Conclusions Irritability can be measured reliably in hfASD and is associated with distinct biological responses to stress. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12382 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Self-injurious implicit attitudes among adolescent suicide attempters versus those engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury / Daniel P. DICKSTEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1127-1136 Titre : Self-injurious implicit attitudes among adolescent suicide attempters versus those engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel P. DICKSTEIN, Auteur ; Megan E. PUZIA, Auteur ; Grace K. CUSHMAN, Auteur ; Alexandra B. WEISSMAN, Auteur ; Ezra WEGBREIT, Auteur ; Kerri L. KIM, Auteur ; Matthew K. NOCK, Auteur ; Anthony SPIRITO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1127-1136 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Suicide  nonsuicidal self-injury  adolescent  cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Suicide is among the most important mental health issues affecting adolescents today despite much research on its detection and prevention. Beyond suicide attempts (SAs), clinicians are increasingly confronted with another, potentially related problem: non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)—defined as the deliberate destruction of body tissue without intent to die. NSSI may increase risk for making an SA by sevenfold, but many studies examining this link have involved youths engaging in both NSSI and SAs. Thus, there is a need to compare homogeneous groups of adolescents engaged in NSSI-only or SA-only, but not both, to advance what is known about each form of self-harm. The self-injurious implicit association task (SI-IAT) is a particularly important computerized behavioral task to study such adolescents because the SI-IAT provides objective behavioral data about problems for which people may lack insight or be motivated to conceal, such as SAs and NSSI. Methods We evaluated implicit associations with cutting and death/suicide using the computerized SI-IAT in three mutually exclusive groups: (1) adolescents who made an SA but had never engaged in NSSI (n = 47); (2) adolescents who engaged in NSSI but had never made an SA (n = 46); and (3) typically developing control (TDC) adolescents without history of psychiatric problems (n = 43). Results Nonsuicidal self-injury participants had stronger identification with cutting versus no cutting than either SA or TDC participants. Contrary to our hypothesis, NSSI participants had stronger identification with suicide/death versus life than either SA or TDC participants. Conclusions Strong implicit attitudes towards suicide/death among adolescents with NSSI without a prior SA suggest that clinicians should not dismiss NSSI as not serious. Further work is required to elucidate the mechanism by which youths engaged in NSSI acquire these stronger identifications and make a first-time SA to develop novel treatment and prevention strategies blocking this transformation, ultimately reducing youth suicide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12385 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Self-injurious implicit attitudes among adolescent suicide attempters versus those engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel P. DICKSTEIN, Auteur ; Megan E. PUZIA, Auteur ; Grace K. CUSHMAN, Auteur ; Alexandra B. WEISSMAN, Auteur ; Ezra WEGBREIT, Auteur ; Kerri L. KIM, Auteur ; Matthew K. NOCK, Auteur ; Anthony SPIRITO, Auteur . - p.1127-1136. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1127-1136 Mots-clés : Suicide  nonsuicidal self-injury  adolescent  cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Suicide is among the most important mental health issues affecting adolescents today despite much research on its detection and prevention. Beyond suicide attempts (SAs), clinicians are increasingly confronted with another, potentially related problem: non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)—defined as the deliberate destruction of body tissue without intent to die. NSSI may increase risk for making an SA by sevenfold, but many studies examining this link have involved youths engaging in both NSSI and SAs. Thus, there is a need to compare homogeneous groups of adolescents engaged in NSSI-only or SA-only, but not both, to advance what is known about each form of self-harm. The self-injurious implicit association task (SI-IAT) is a particularly important computerized behavioral task to study such adolescents because the SI-IAT provides objective behavioral data about problems for which people may lack insight or be motivated to conceal, such as SAs and NSSI. Methods We evaluated implicit associations with cutting and death/suicide using the computerized SI-IAT in three mutually exclusive groups: (1) adolescents who made an SA but had never engaged in NSSI (n = 47); (2) adolescents who engaged in NSSI but had never made an SA (n = 46); and (3) typically developing control (TDC) adolescents without history of psychiatric problems (n = 43). Results Nonsuicidal self-injury participants had stronger identification with cutting versus no cutting than either SA or TDC participants. Contrary to our hypothesis, NSSI participants had stronger identification with suicide/death versus life than either SA or TDC participants. Conclusions Strong implicit attitudes towards suicide/death among adolescents with NSSI without a prior SA suggest that clinicians should not dismiss NSSI as not serious. Further work is required to elucidate the mechanism by which youths engaged in NSSI acquire these stronger identifications and make a first-time SA to develop novel treatment and prevention strategies blocking this transformation, ultimately reducing youth suicide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12385 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Erratum in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1137-1137 Titre : Erratum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.1137-1137 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12453 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Erratum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.1137-1137. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-10 (October 2015) . - p.1137-1137 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12453 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269