Identical genetic influences underpin behavior problems in adolescence and basic traits of personality / Gary J. LEWIS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-8 (August 2014) . - p.865-875 Titre : Identical genetic influences underpin behavior problems in adolescence and basic traits of personality Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gary J. LEWIS, Auteur ; Claire M. A. HAWORTH, Auteur ; Robert PLOMIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.865-875 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Behavioral problems  strengths and difficulties  personality  genetics  twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Understanding the etiology of adolescent problem behavior has been of enduring interest. Only relatively recently, however, has this issue been examined within a normal personality trait framework. Research suggests that problem behaviors in adolescence and beyond may be adequately explained by the taxonomy provided by the basic dimensions of normal personality: Such problem behaviors are suggested to be extreme points on a distribution of the full range of the underlying traits. We extend work in this field examining the extent to which genetic factors underlying the five-factor model of personality are common with genetic influences on adolescent behavior problems (namely, anxiety, peer problems, conduct, hyperactivity, and low prosociality). Method A nationally representative twin sample (Twins Early Development Study) from the general population of England and Wales, including 2031 pairs of twins aged 16 years old, was used to decompose variation into genetic and environmental components. Behavioral problems in adolescence were assessed by self-report with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results Adolescent behavior problems were moderately associated with normal personality: Specifically, a fifth to a third of phenotypic variance in problem behaviors was accounted for by five-factor model personality traits. Of central importance here, genetic influences underpinning personality were entirely overlapping with those genetic factors underlying adolescent behavior problems. Conclusions These findings suggest that adolescent behavior problems can be understood, at least in part, within a model of normal personality trait variation, with the genetic bases of these behavior problems the same as those genetic influences underpinning normal personality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12156 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=237 [article] Identical genetic influences underpin behavior problems in adolescence and basic traits of personality [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gary J. LEWIS, Auteur ; Claire M. A. HAWORTH, Auteur ; Robert PLOMIN, Auteur . - p.865-875. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-8 (August 2014) . - p.865-875 Mots-clés : Behavioral problems  strengths and difficulties  personality  genetics  twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Understanding the etiology of adolescent problem behavior has been of enduring interest. Only relatively recently, however, has this issue been examined within a normal personality trait framework. Research suggests that problem behaviors in adolescence and beyond may be adequately explained by the taxonomy provided by the basic dimensions of normal personality: Such problem behaviors are suggested to be extreme points on a distribution of the full range of the underlying traits. We extend work in this field examining the extent to which genetic factors underlying the five-factor model of personality are common with genetic influences on adolescent behavior problems (namely, anxiety, peer problems, conduct, hyperactivity, and low prosociality). Method A nationally representative twin sample (Twins Early Development Study) from the general population of England and Wales, including 2031 pairs of twins aged 16 years old, was used to decompose variation into genetic and environmental components. Behavioral problems in adolescence were assessed by self-report with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results Adolescent behavior problems were moderately associated with normal personality: Specifically, a fifth to a third of phenotypic variance in problem behaviors was accounted for by five-factor model personality traits. Of central importance here, genetic influences underpinning personality were entirely overlapping with those genetic factors underlying adolescent behavior problems. Conclusions These findings suggest that adolescent behavior problems can be understood, at least in part, within a model of normal personality trait variation, with the genetic bases of these behavior problems the same as those genetic influences underpinning normal personality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12156 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=237

The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits / Corina U. GREVEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-4 (April 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.523-531 Titre : The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Corina U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Andrew MERWOOD, Auteur ; Jolanda M. J. VAN DER MEER, Auteur ; Claire M. A. HAWORTH, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.523-531 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  quantitative trait  twin  extremes  positive genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to reflect a continuously distributed quantitative trait, it is assessed through binary diagnosis or skewed measures biased towards its high, symptomatic extreme. A growing trend is to study the positive tail of normally distributed traits, a promising avenue, for example, to study high intelligence to increase power for gene-hunting for intelligence. However, the emergence of such a ‘positive genetics’ model has been tempered for ADHD due to poor phenotypic resolution at the low extreme. Overcoming this methodological limitation, we conduct the first study to assess the aetiologies of low extreme ADHD traits. Methods In a population-representative sample of 2,143 twins, the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal behaviour (SWAN) questionnaire was used to assess ADHD traits on a continuum from low to high. Aetiological influences on extreme ADHD traits were estimated using DeFries–Fulker extremes analysis. ADHD traits were related to behavioural, cognitive and home environmental outcomes using regression. Results Low extreme ADHD traits were significantly influenced by shared environmental factors (23–35%) but were not significantly heritable. In contrast, high-extreme ADHD traits showed significant heritability (39–51%) but no shared environmental influences. Compared to individuals with high extreme or with average levels of ADHD traits, individuals with low extreme ADHD traits showed fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, better cognitive performance and more positive behaviours and positive home environmental outcomes. Conclusions Shared environmental influences on low extreme ADHD traits may reflect passive gene-environment correlation, which arises because parents provide environments as well as passing on genes. Studying the low extreme opens new avenues to study mechanisms underlying previously neglected positive behaviours. This is different from the current deficit-based model of intervention, but congruent with a population-level approach to improving youth wellbeing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Corina U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Andrew MERWOOD, Auteur ; Jolanda M. J. VAN DER MEER, Auteur ; Claire M. A. HAWORTH, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur . - p.523-531. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.523-531 Mots-clés : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  quantitative trait  twin  extremes  positive genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to reflect a continuously distributed quantitative trait, it is assessed through binary diagnosis or skewed measures biased towards its high, symptomatic extreme. A growing trend is to study the positive tail of normally distributed traits, a promising avenue, for example, to study high intelligence to increase power for gene-hunting for intelligence. However, the emergence of such a ‘positive genetics’ model has been tempered for ADHD due to poor phenotypic resolution at the low extreme. Overcoming this methodological limitation, we conduct the first study to assess the aetiologies of low extreme ADHD traits. Methods In a population-representative sample of 2,143 twins, the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal behaviour (SWAN) questionnaire was used to assess ADHD traits on a continuum from low to high. Aetiological influences on extreme ADHD traits were estimated using DeFries–Fulker extremes analysis. ADHD traits were related to behavioural, cognitive and home environmental outcomes using regression. Results Low extreme ADHD traits were significantly influenced by shared environmental factors (23–35%) but were not significantly heritable. In contrast, high-extreme ADHD traits showed significant heritability (39–51%) but no shared environmental influences. Compared to individuals with high extreme or with average levels of ADHD traits, individuals with low extreme ADHD traits showed fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, better cognitive performance and more positive behaviours and positive home environmental outcomes. Conclusions Shared environmental influences on low extreme ADHD traits may reflect passive gene-environment correlation, which arises because parents provide environments as well as passing on genes. Studying the low extreme opens new avenues to study mechanisms underlying previously neglected positive behaviours. This is different from the current deficit-based model of intervention, but congruent with a population-level approach to improving youth wellbeing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

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