Approximating Implicit and Explicit Mentalizing with Two Naturalistic Video-Based Tasks in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder / Gabriela ROSENBLAU in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-4 (April 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-4 (April 2015) . - p.953-965 Titre : Approximating Implicit and Explicit Mentalizing with Two Naturalistic Video-Based Tasks in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gabriela ROSENBLAU, Auteur ; Dorit KLIEMANN, Auteur ; Hauke R. HEEKEREN, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.953-965 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Cognition  Mentalizing  Behavioral assessment  Implicit Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been proposed to show greater impairments in implicit than explicit mentalizing. To test this proposition, we developed two comparable naturalistic tasks for a performance-based approximation of implicit and explicit mentalizing in 28 individuals with ASD and 23 matched typically developed (TD) participants. Although both tasks were sensitive to the social impairments of individuals with ASD, implicit mentalizing was not more dysfunctional than explicit mentalizing. In TD participants, performance on the tasks did not correlate with each other, whereas in individuals with ASD they were highly correlated. These findings suggest that implicit and explicit mentalizing processes are separable in typical development. In contrast, in individuals with ASD implicit and explicit mentalizing processes are similarly impaired and closely linked suggesting a lack of developmental specification of these processes in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2249-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258 [article] Approximating Implicit and Explicit Mentalizing with Two Naturalistic Video-Based Tasks in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gabriela ROSENBLAU, Auteur ; Dorit KLIEMANN, Auteur ; Hauke R. HEEKEREN, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur . - p.953-965. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-4 (April 2015) . - p.953-965 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Cognition  Mentalizing  Behavioral assessment  Implicit Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been proposed to show greater impairments in implicit than explicit mentalizing. To test this proposition, we developed two comparable naturalistic tasks for a performance-based approximation of implicit and explicit mentalizing in 28 individuals with ASD and 23 matched typically developed (TD) participants. Although both tasks were sensitive to the social impairments of individuals with ASD, implicit mentalizing was not more dysfunctional than explicit mentalizing. In TD participants, performance on the tasks did not correlate with each other, whereas in individuals with ASD they were highly correlated. These findings suggest that implicit and explicit mentalizing processes are separable in typical development. In contrast, in individuals with ASD implicit and explicit mentalizing processes are similarly impaired and closely linked suggesting a lack of developmental specification of these processes in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2249-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258

Atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults are heterogeneous across but reliable within individuals / Umit KELES in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 39 p. Titre : Atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults are heterogeneous across but reliable within individuals Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Umit KELES, Auteur ; Dorit KLIEMANN, Auteur ; Lisa BYRGE, Auteur ; Heini SAARIMAKI, Auteur ; Lynn K. PAUL, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Ralph ADOLPHS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 39 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Autism  Eye tracking  Heterogeneity  Individual differences  Videos Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Across behavioral studies, autistic individuals show greater variability than typically developing individuals. However, it remains unknown to what extent this variability arises from heterogeneity across individuals, or from unreliability within individuals. Here, we focus on eye tracking, which provides rich dependent measures that have been used extensively in studies of autism. Autistic individuals have an atypical gaze onto both static visual images and dynamic videos that could be leveraged for diagnostic purposes if the above open question could be addressed. METHODS: We tested three competing hypotheses: (1) that gaze patterns of autistic individuals are less reliable or noisier than those of controls, (2) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable but heterogeneous across autistic individuals, or (3) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable and also homogeneous among autistic individuals. We collected desktop-based eye tracking data from two different full-length television sitcom episodes, at two independent sites (Caltech and Indiana University), in a total of over 150 adult participants (N=48 autistic individuals with IQ in the normal range, 105 controls) and quantified gaze onto features of the videos using automated computer vision-based feature extraction. RESULTS: We found support for the second of these hypotheses. Autistic people and controls showed equivalently reliable gaze onto specific features of videos, such as faces, so much so that individuals could be identified significantly above chance using a fingerprinting approach from video epochs as short as 2 min. However, classification of participants into diagnostic groups based on their eye tracking data failed to produce clear group classifications, due to heterogeneity in the autistic group. LIMITATIONS: Three limitations are the relatively small sample size, assessment across only two videos (from the same television series), and the absence of other dependent measures (e.g., neuroimaging or genetics) that might have revealed individual-level variability that was not evident with eye tracking. Future studies should expand to larger samples across longer longitudinal epochs, an aim that is now becoming feasible with Internet- and phone-based eye tracking. CONCLUSIONS: These findings pave the way for the investigation of autism subtypes, and for elucidating the specific visual features that best discriminate gaze patterns-directions that will also combine with and inform neuroimaging and genetic studies of this complex disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00517-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] Atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults are heterogeneous across but reliable within individuals [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Umit KELES, Auteur ; Dorit KLIEMANN, Auteur ; Lisa BYRGE, Auteur ; Heini SAARIMAKI, Auteur ; Lynn K. PAUL, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Ralph ADOLPHS, Auteur . - 39 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 39 p. Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Autism  Eye tracking  Heterogeneity  Individual differences  Videos Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Across behavioral studies, autistic individuals show greater variability than typically developing individuals. However, it remains unknown to what extent this variability arises from heterogeneity across individuals, or from unreliability within individuals. Here, we focus on eye tracking, which provides rich dependent measures that have been used extensively in studies of autism. Autistic individuals have an atypical gaze onto both static visual images and dynamic videos that could be leveraged for diagnostic purposes if the above open question could be addressed. METHODS: We tested three competing hypotheses: (1) that gaze patterns of autistic individuals are less reliable or noisier than those of controls, (2) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable but heterogeneous across autistic individuals, or (3) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable and also homogeneous among autistic individuals. We collected desktop-based eye tracking data from two different full-length television sitcom episodes, at two independent sites (Caltech and Indiana University), in a total of over 150 adult participants (N=48 autistic individuals with IQ in the normal range, 105 controls) and quantified gaze onto features of the videos using automated computer vision-based feature extraction. RESULTS: We found support for the second of these hypotheses. Autistic people and controls showed equivalently reliable gaze onto specific features of videos, such as faces, so much so that individuals could be identified significantly above chance using a fingerprinting approach from video epochs as short as 2 min. However, classification of participants into diagnostic groups based on their eye tracking data failed to produce clear group classifications, due to heterogeneity in the autistic group. LIMITATIONS: Three limitations are the relatively small sample size, assessment across only two videos (from the same television series), and the absence of other dependent measures (e.g., neuroimaging or genetics) that might have revealed individual-level variability that was not evident with eye tracking. Future studies should expand to larger samples across longer longitudinal epochs, an aim that is now becoming feasible with Internet- and phone-based eye tracking. CONCLUSIONS: These findings pave the way for the investigation of autism subtypes, and for elucidating the specific visual features that best discriminate gaze patterns-directions that will also combine with and inform neuroimaging and genetic studies of this complex disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00517-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

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