6 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Implicit'

Approximating Implicit and Explicit Mentalizing with Two Naturalistic Video-Based Tasks in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder / Gabriela ROSENBLAU in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-4 (April 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-4 (April 2015) . - p.953-965 Titre : Approximating Implicit and Explicit Mentalizing with Two Naturalistic Video-Based Tasks in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gabriela ROSENBLAU, Auteur ; Dorit KLIEMANN, Auteur ; Hauke R. HEEKEREN, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.953-965 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Cognition  Mentalizing  Behavioral assessment  Implicit Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been proposed to show greater impairments in implicit than explicit mentalizing. To test this proposition, we developed two comparable naturalistic tasks for a performance-based approximation of implicit and explicit mentalizing in 28 individuals with ASD and 23 matched typically developed (TD) participants. Although both tasks were sensitive to the social impairments of individuals with ASD, implicit mentalizing was not more dysfunctional than explicit mentalizing. In TD participants, performance on the tasks did not correlate with each other, whereas in individuals with ASD they were highly correlated. These findings suggest that implicit and explicit mentalizing processes are separable in typical development. In contrast, in individuals with ASD implicit and explicit mentalizing processes are similarly impaired and closely linked suggesting a lack of developmental specification of these processes in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2249-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258 [article] Approximating Implicit and Explicit Mentalizing with Two Naturalistic Video-Based Tasks in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gabriela ROSENBLAU, Auteur ; Dorit KLIEMANN, Auteur ; Hauke R. HEEKEREN, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur . - p.953-965. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-4 (April 2015) . - p.953-965 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Cognition  Mentalizing  Behavioral assessment  Implicit Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been proposed to show greater impairments in implicit than explicit mentalizing. To test this proposition, we developed two comparable naturalistic tasks for a performance-based approximation of implicit and explicit mentalizing in 28 individuals with ASD and 23 matched typically developed (TD) participants. Although both tasks were sensitive to the social impairments of individuals with ASD, implicit mentalizing was not more dysfunctional than explicit mentalizing. In TD participants, performance on the tasks did not correlate with each other, whereas in individuals with ASD they were highly correlated. These findings suggest that implicit and explicit mentalizing processes are separable in typical development. In contrast, in individuals with ASD implicit and explicit mentalizing processes are similarly impaired and closely linked suggesting a lack of developmental specification of these processes in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2249-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258

Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study / Rita OBEID in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.106-128 Titre : Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rita OBEID, Auteur ; Jennifer Bailey BISSON, Auteur ; Alexandra COSENZA, Auteur ; Ashley J. HARRISON, Auteur ; Faith JAMES, Auteur ; Sabine SAADE, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.106-128 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Conduct disorder  Explicit  Iat  Implicit  Stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Are implicit and explicit biases related to ASD identification and/or stigma? College students (N?=?493) completed two IATs assessing implicit stigma and racial biases. They evaluated vignettes depicting a child with ASD or conduct disorder (CD) paired with a photo of a Black or White child. CD was more implicitly and explicitly stigmatized than ASD. Accurately identifying ASD was associated with reduced explicit stigma; identifying CD led to more stigma. Participants who identified as White implicitly associated the White child with ASD and the Black child with CD. A trend in the reverse direction was observed among Black participants. Implicit and explicit biases were unrelated. Findings highlight a need for trainings to ameliorate biases favoring one's in-group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04507-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437 [article] Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rita OBEID, Auteur ; Jennifer Bailey BISSON, Auteur ; Alexandra COSENZA, Auteur ; Ashley J. HARRISON, Auteur ; Faith JAMES, Auteur ; Sabine SAADE, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur . - p.106-128. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.106-128 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Conduct disorder  Explicit  Iat  Implicit  Stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Are implicit and explicit biases related to ASD identification and/or stigma? College students (N?=?493) completed two IATs assessing implicit stigma and racial biases. They evaluated vignettes depicting a child with ASD or conduct disorder (CD) paired with a photo of a Black or White child. CD was more implicitly and explicitly stigmatized than ASD. Accurately identifying ASD was associated with reduced explicit stigma; identifying CD led to more stigma. Participants who identified as White implicitly associated the White child with ASD and the Black child with CD. A trend in the reverse direction was observed among Black participants. Implicit and explicit biases were unrelated. Findings highlight a need for trainings to ameliorate biases favoring one's in-group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04507-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437

An amygdala-centered hyper-connectivity signature of threatening face processing predicts anxiety in youths with autism spectrum conditions / Y. C. CHEN in Autism Research, 14-11 (November 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2287-2299 Titre : An amygdala-centered hyper-connectivity signature of threatening face processing predicts anxiety in youths with autism spectrum conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Y. C. CHEN, Auteur ; C. CHEN, Auteur ; R. M. MARTÍNEZ, Auteur ; Y. T. FAN, Auteur ; C. C. LIU, Auteur ; C. Y. CHEN, Auteur ; Y. CHENG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2287-2299 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Amygdala/diagnostic imaging  Anxiety/complications  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnostic imaging  Autistic Disorder  Case-Control Studies  Facial Recognition  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  amygdala  autism spectrum condition (ASC)  explicit  implicit  threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is exceedingly prevalent among individuals with an autism spectrum condition (ASC). While recent literature postulates anxiety as a mechanism encompassing an underlying amygdala-related elevated baseline level of arousal even to nonthreatening cues, whether this same mechanism contributes to anxiety in those with an ASC and supports the transdiagnostic nature of anxiety remains elusive. In this case-control study of 51 youths (26 ASC), we assessed autism and anxiety via the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Hemodynamic responses, including amygdala reactivity, to explicit and implicit (backwardly masked) perception of threatening faces were acquired using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). For explicit fear, ASC individuals showed significantly greater negative correlations between the amygdala and the attentional deployment-parietal network. For implicit fear, ASC individuals showed significantly stronger correlations of the amygdala with the prefrontal networks, temporal pole, and hippocampus. Additionally, an fMRI-based neurologic signature for anxiety in ASCs was identified via the LibSVM machine learning model using amygdala-centered functional connectivity during the emotional processing of explicit and implicit stimuli. Hypervigilance to implicit threat in ASCs comorbid with anxiety might exacerbate explicit threat reactivity; hence the use of attentional avoidance patterns to restrict affective hyperarousal for explicitly perceived socioemotional stimuli. Consequently, developing an attention-independent behavioral/neural marker identifying anxiety in ASCs is highly warranted. LAY SUMMARY: This study identifies a dissociation of amygdala reactivity dependent on explicit and implicit threat processing. Implicit anxiety in individuals with an autism spectrum condition (ASC) could outweigh explicitly induced threat. When explicitly perceiving socioemotional stimuli, ASC individuals with anxiety might use attentional avoidance patterns to restrict affective hyperarousal. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2595 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] An amygdala-centered hyper-connectivity signature of threatening face processing predicts anxiety in youths with autism spectrum conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Y. C. CHEN, Auteur ; C. CHEN, Auteur ; R. M. MARTÍNEZ, Auteur ; Y. T. FAN, Auteur ; C. C. LIU, Auteur ; C. Y. CHEN, Auteur ; Y. CHENG, Auteur . - p.2287-2299. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2287-2299 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Amygdala/diagnostic imaging  Anxiety/complications  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnostic imaging  Autistic Disorder  Case-Control Studies  Facial Recognition  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  amygdala  autism spectrum condition (ASC)  explicit  implicit  threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is exceedingly prevalent among individuals with an autism spectrum condition (ASC). While recent literature postulates anxiety as a mechanism encompassing an underlying amygdala-related elevated baseline level of arousal even to nonthreatening cues, whether this same mechanism contributes to anxiety in those with an ASC and supports the transdiagnostic nature of anxiety remains elusive. In this case-control study of 51 youths (26 ASC), we assessed autism and anxiety via the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Hemodynamic responses, including amygdala reactivity, to explicit and implicit (backwardly masked) perception of threatening faces were acquired using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). For explicit fear, ASC individuals showed significantly greater negative correlations between the amygdala and the attentional deployment-parietal network. For implicit fear, ASC individuals showed significantly stronger correlations of the amygdala with the prefrontal networks, temporal pole, and hippocampus. Additionally, an fMRI-based neurologic signature for anxiety in ASCs was identified via the LibSVM machine learning model using amygdala-centered functional connectivity during the emotional processing of explicit and implicit stimuli. Hypervigilance to implicit threat in ASCs comorbid with anxiety might exacerbate explicit threat reactivity; hence the use of attentional avoidance patterns to restrict affective hyperarousal for explicitly perceived socioemotional stimuli. Consequently, developing an attention-independent behavioral/neural marker identifying anxiety in ASCs is highly warranted. LAY SUMMARY: This study identifies a dissociation of amygdala reactivity dependent on explicit and implicit threat processing. Implicit anxiety in individuals with an autism spectrum condition (ASC) could outweigh explicitly induced threat. When explicitly perceiving socioemotional stimuli, ASC individuals with anxiety might use attentional avoidance patterns to restrict affective hyperarousal. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2595 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

The Triple I Hypothesis: Taking Another('s) Perspective on Executive Dysfunction in Autism / Sarah J. WHITE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-1 (January 2013) . - p.114-121 Titre : The Triple I Hypothesis: Taking Another('s) Perspective on Executive Dysfunction in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.114-121 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Executive function  Theory of mind  Mentalising  Implicit  Arbitrary Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The executive dysfunction theory attempts to explain not only the repetitive behaviours but also the socio-communicative difficulties in autism. While it is clear that some individuals with autism perform poorly on certain executive function tasks, it remains unclear what underlies these impairments. The most consistent and striking difficulties are seen on tasks that are open-ended in structure, lack explicit instructions and involve arbitrary rules. I propose that impairment on such tasks is not due to executive dysfunction; instead, poor performance results from difficulties forming an implicit understanding of the experimenter's expectations for the task, resulting in egocentric and idiosyncratic behaviour. These difficulties in taking another's perspective may be explained parsimoniously by the mentalising difficulties robustly demonstrated to exist in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1550-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=187 [article] The Triple I Hypothesis: Taking Another('s) Perspective on Executive Dysfunction in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.114-121. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-1 (January 2013) . - p.114-121 Mots-clés : Autism  Executive function  Theory of mind  Mentalising  Implicit  Arbitrary Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The executive dysfunction theory attempts to explain not only the repetitive behaviours but also the socio-communicative difficulties in autism. While it is clear that some individuals with autism perform poorly on certain executive function tasks, it remains unclear what underlies these impairments. The most consistent and striking difficulties are seen on tasks that are open-ended in structure, lack explicit instructions and involve arbitrary rules. I propose that impairment on such tasks is not due to executive dysfunction; instead, poor performance results from difficulties forming an implicit understanding of the experimenter's expectations for the task, resulting in egocentric and idiosyncratic behaviour. These difficulties in taking another's perspective may be explained parsimoniously by the mentalising difficulties robustly demonstrated to exist in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1550-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=187

Category Formation in Autism: Can Individuals with Autism Form Categories and Prototypes of Dot Patterns? / Holly ZAJAC GASTGEB in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-8 (August 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-8 (August 2012) . - p.1694-1704 Titre : Category Formation in Autism: Can Individuals with Autism Form Categories and Prototypes of Dot Patterns? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Holly ZAJAC GASTGEB, Auteur ; Eva M. DUNDAS, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Mark S. STRAUSS, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1694-1704 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Categorization  Prototype  Autism  Cognition  Eye-tracking  Implicit Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a growing amount of evidence suggesting that individuals with autism have difficulty with categorization. One basic cognitive ability that may underlie this difficulty is the ability to abstract a prototype. The current study examined prototype and category formation with dot patterns in high-functioning adults with autism and matched controls. Individuals with autism were found to have difficulty forming prototypes and categories of dot patterns. The eye-tracking data did not reveal any between group differences in attention to the dot patterns. However, relationships between performance and intelligence in the autism group suggest possible processing differences between the groups. Results are consistent with previous studies that have found deficits in prototype formation and extend these deficits to dot patterns. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1411-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178 [article] Category Formation in Autism: Can Individuals with Autism Form Categories and Prototypes of Dot Patterns? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Holly ZAJAC GASTGEB, Auteur ; Eva M. DUNDAS, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Mark S. STRAUSS, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1694-1704. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-8 (August 2012) . - p.1694-1704 Mots-clés : Categorization  Prototype  Autism  Cognition  Eye-tracking  Implicit Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a growing amount of evidence suggesting that individuals with autism have difficulty with categorization. One basic cognitive ability that may underlie this difficulty is the ability to abstract a prototype. The current study examined prototype and category formation with dot patterns in high-functioning adults with autism and matched controls. Individuals with autism were found to have difficulty forming prototypes and categories of dot patterns. The eye-tracking data did not reveal any between group differences in attention to the dot patterns. However, relationships between performance and intelligence in the autism group suggest possible processing differences between the groups. Results are consistent with previous studies that have found deficits in prototype formation and extend these deficits to dot patterns. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1411-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178

Typical perceptual organization in autism: Perceptual grouping and spatial distortion / R. AVRAAM in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

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