Autistic people differ from non-autistic people subjectively, but not objectively in their reasoning / Elif Bastan ; Sarah R. BECK ; Andrew DR Surtees in Autism, 29-2 (February 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-2 (February 2025) . - p.355-366 Titre : Autistic people differ from non-autistic people subjectively, but not objectively in their reasoning : Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elif Bastan, Auteur ; Sarah R. BECK, Auteur ; Andrew DR Surtees, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.355-366 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  deliberation  dual process theory  intuition  reasoning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism has been linked to difficulties within the social domain and quick decision-making. The Dual Process Theory of Autism proposes that autistic people, compared to non-autistic people, tend to prefer and perform in a more deliberative and less intuitive reasoning style, suggesting enhanced rationality in autism. However, this theory has not been systematically explored across social and non-social domains. In total, 24 autistic adults and 24 age-, gender- and non-verbal cognitive ability-matched non-autistic counterparts completed subjective and objective measures of reasoning. A scenario-based comparison task was employed, covering both social and non-social domains, to assess whether participants consistently used the same strategy across domains or alternated between strategies for their forced-choice judgements. On a subjective measure of reasoning, compared to their counterparts, autistic participants self-reported lower intuition. However, there was an opposite pattern on an objective measure, in that autistic participants responded more intuitively. No significant group differences were identified between autistic and non-autistic participants on self-reported deliberation, objectively measured reflectiveness or forced-choice moral judgements across social and non-social domains. There might be a discrepancy among autistic people for their subjective preferences and objective performances in reasoning, decision-making and judgements. Lay Abstract Autistic people often experience challenges in social contexts, and when decisions need to be made quickly. There is evidence showing that autistic people have a tendency for greater deliberation and lower intuition, compared to non-autistic people. This has led to the researchers' proposal that autism is associated with an enhanced level of rationality. However, these theories have been mostly explored through the lens of either only non-social domain or only social domain. To address this gap, we recruited autistic adults and carefully matched them with non-autistic adults for comparison. We used a task representing both social and non-social interactions in a comparison structure and asked participants' moral judgements on scenarios' main characters. This was complemented by subjective and objective measures of reasoning. Our findings did not reveal meaningful differences between groups in terms of deliberation. However, we did observe that autistic participants self-reported lower levels of intuition, compared to non-autistic participants. Autistic people consistently rate themselves as less intuitive than their counterparts. Nevertheless, objective evidence supporting this across tasks and studies is inconsistent. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241277055 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=547 [article] Autistic people differ from non-autistic people subjectively, but not objectively in their reasoning : Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elif Bastan, Auteur ; Sarah R. BECK, Auteur ; Andrew DR Surtees, Auteur . - p.355-366. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-2 (February 2025) . - p.355-366 Mots-clés : autism  deliberation  dual process theory  intuition  reasoning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism has been linked to difficulties within the social domain and quick decision-making. The Dual Process Theory of Autism proposes that autistic people, compared to non-autistic people, tend to prefer and perform in a more deliberative and less intuitive reasoning style, suggesting enhanced rationality in autism. However, this theory has not been systematically explored across social and non-social domains. In total, 24 autistic adults and 24 age-, gender- and non-verbal cognitive ability-matched non-autistic counterparts completed subjective and objective measures of reasoning. A scenario-based comparison task was employed, covering both social and non-social domains, to assess whether participants consistently used the same strategy across domains or alternated between strategies for their forced-choice judgements. On a subjective measure of reasoning, compared to their counterparts, autistic participants self-reported lower intuition. However, there was an opposite pattern on an objective measure, in that autistic participants responded more intuitively. No significant group differences were identified between autistic and non-autistic participants on self-reported deliberation, objectively measured reflectiveness or forced-choice moral judgements across social and non-social domains. There might be a discrepancy among autistic people for their subjective preferences and objective performances in reasoning, decision-making and judgements. Lay Abstract Autistic people often experience challenges in social contexts, and when decisions need to be made quickly. There is evidence showing that autistic people have a tendency for greater deliberation and lower intuition, compared to non-autistic people. This has led to the researchers' proposal that autism is associated with an enhanced level of rationality. However, these theories have been mostly explored through the lens of either only non-social domain or only social domain. To address this gap, we recruited autistic adults and carefully matched them with non-autistic adults for comparison. We used a task representing both social and non-social interactions in a comparison structure and asked participants' moral judgements on scenarios' main characters. This was complemented by subjective and objective measures of reasoning. Our findings did not reveal meaningful differences between groups in terms of deliberation. However, we did observe that autistic participants self-reported lower levels of intuition, compared to non-autistic participants. Autistic people consistently rate themselves as less intuitive than their counterparts. Nevertheless, objective evidence supporting this across tasks and studies is inconsistent. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241277055 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=547

Dissociation of Cross-Sectional Trajectories for Verbal and Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Development in Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome / Jane WAITE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2064-2071 Titre : Dissociation of Cross-Sectional Trajectories for Verbal and Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Development in Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane WAITE, Auteur ; Sarah R. BECK, Auteur ; Mary HEALD, Auteur ; Laurie POWIS, Auteur ; Chris OLIVER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2064-2071 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Working memory  Short-term memory  Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome  Typically developing children  Dissociation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Working memory (WM) impairments might amplify behavioural difference in genetic syndromes. Murine models of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) evidence memory impairments but there is limited research on memory in RTS. Individuals with RTS and typically developing children completed WM tasks, with participants with RTS completing an IQ assessment and parents/carers completing the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. A cross-sectional trajectory analysis was conducted. There were significant WM span deficits in RTS relative to mental age. Verbal WM span was positively associated with mental age; however, this was not observed for visuo-spatial span. There is a dissociation between WM domains in RTS. Individuals may have difficulties with tasks relying on WM span, above difficulties predicted by overall ability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2736-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288 [article] Dissociation of Cross-Sectional Trajectories for Verbal and Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Development in Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane WAITE, Auteur ; Sarah R. BECK, Auteur ; Mary HEALD, Auteur ; Laurie POWIS, Auteur ; Chris OLIVER, Auteur . - p.2064-2071. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2064-2071 Mots-clés : Working memory  Short-term memory  Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome  Typically developing children  Dissociation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Working memory (WM) impairments might amplify behavioural difference in genetic syndromes. Murine models of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) evidence memory impairments but there is limited research on memory in RTS. Individuals with RTS and typically developing children completed WM tasks, with participants with RTS completing an IQ assessment and parents/carers completing the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. A cross-sectional trajectory analysis was conducted. There were significant WM span deficits in RTS relative to mental age. Verbal WM span was positively associated with mental age; however, this was not observed for visuo-spatial span. There is a dissociation between WM domains in RTS. Individuals may have difficulties with tasks relying on WM span, above difficulties predicted by overall ability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2736-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288

Repetitive Behavior in Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome: Parallels with Autism Spectrum Phenomenology / Jane WAITE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-5 (May 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-5 (May 2015) . - p.1238-1253 Titre : Repetitive Behavior in Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome: Parallels with Autism Spectrum Phenomenology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane WAITE, Auteur ; Joanna MOSS, Auteur ; Sarah R. BECK, Auteur ; Caroline RICHARDS, Auteur ; Lisa NELSON, Auteur ; Kate ARRON, Auteur ; Cheryl BURBIDGE, Auteur ; Katy BERG, Auteur ; Chris OLIVER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1238-1253 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Repetitive behavior  Ritualistic behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Syndrome specific repetitive behavior profiles have been described previously. A detailed profile is absent for Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS). The Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire and Social Communication Questionnaire were completed for children and adults with RTS (N = 87), Fragile-X (N = 196) and Down (N = 132) syndromes, and individuals reaching cut-off for autism spectrum disorder (N = 228). Total and matched group analyses were conducted. A phenotypic profile of repetitive behavior was found in RTS. The majority of behaviors in RTS were not associated with social-communication deficits or degree of disability. Repetitive behavior should be studied at a fine-grained level. A dissociation of the triad of impairments might be evident in RTS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2283-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Repetitive Behavior in Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome: Parallels with Autism Spectrum Phenomenology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane WAITE, Auteur ; Joanna MOSS, Auteur ; Sarah R. BECK, Auteur ; Caroline RICHARDS, Auteur ; Lisa NELSON, Auteur ; Kate ARRON, Auteur ; Cheryl BURBIDGE, Auteur ; Katy BERG, Auteur ; Chris OLIVER, Auteur . - p.1238-1253. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-5 (May 2015) . - p.1238-1253 Mots-clés : Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Repetitive behavior  Ritualistic behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Syndrome specific repetitive behavior profiles have been described previously. A detailed profile is absent for Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS). The Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire and Social Communication Questionnaire were completed for children and adults with RTS (N = 87), Fragile-X (N = 196) and Down (N = 132) syndromes, and individuals reaching cut-off for autism spectrum disorder (N = 228). Total and matched group analyses were conducted. A phenotypic profile of repetitive behavior was found in RTS. The majority of behaviors in RTS were not associated with social-communication deficits or degree of disability. Repetitive behavior should be studied at a fine-grained level. A dissociation of the triad of impairments might be evident in RTS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2283-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

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