Low endogenous neural noise in autism / Greg DAVIS in Autism, 19-3 (April 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-3 (April 2015) . - p.351-362 Titre : Low endogenous neural noise in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Greg DAVIS, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.351-362 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  endogenous noise  hyperphasic  locus coeruleus  neural networks  stochastic resonance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ‘Heuristic’ theories of autism postulate that a single mechanism or process underpins the diverse psychological features of autism spectrum disorder. Although no such theory can offer a comprehensive account, the parsimonious descriptions they provide are powerful catalysts to autism research. One recent proposal holds that ‘noisy’ neuronal signalling explains not only some deficits in autism spectrum disorder, but also some superior abilities, due to ‘stochastic resonance’. Here, we discuss three distinct actions of noise in neural networks, arguing in each case that autism spectrum disorder symptoms reflect too little, rather than too much, neural noise. Such reduced noise, perhaps a function of atypical brainstem activation, would enhance detection and discrimination in autism spectrum disorder but at significant cost, foregoing the widespread benefits of noise in neural networks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361314552198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257 [article] Low endogenous neural noise in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Greg DAVIS, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur . - p.351-362. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-3 (April 2015) . - p.351-362 Mots-clés : autism  endogenous noise  hyperphasic  locus coeruleus  neural networks  stochastic resonance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ‘Heuristic’ theories of autism postulate that a single mechanism or process underpins the diverse psychological features of autism spectrum disorder. Although no such theory can offer a comprehensive account, the parsimonious descriptions they provide are powerful catalysts to autism research. One recent proposal holds that ‘noisy’ neuronal signalling explains not only some deficits in autism spectrum disorder, but also some superior abilities, due to ‘stochastic resonance’. Here, we discuss three distinct actions of noise in neural networks, arguing in each case that autism spectrum disorder symptoms reflect too little, rather than too much, neural noise. Such reduced noise, perhaps a function of atypical brainstem activation, would enhance detection and discrimination in autism spectrum disorder but at significant cost, foregoing the widespread benefits of noise in neural networks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361314552198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257

Object-based attention benefits reveal selective abnormalities of visual integration in autism / Christine M. FALTER in Autism Research, 3-3 (June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 3-3 (June 2010) . - p.128-136 Titre : Object-based attention benefits reveal selective abnormalities of visual integration in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christine M. FALTER, Auteur ; Greg DAVIS, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.128-136 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism Gestalt grouping top-down Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A pervasive integration deficit could provide a powerful and elegant account of cognitive processing in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, in the case of visual Gestalt grouping, typically assessed by tasks that require participants explicitly to introspect on their own grouping perception, clear evidence for such a deficit remains elusive. To resolve this issue, we adopt an index of Gestalt grouping from the object-based attention literature that does not require participants to assess their own grouping perception. Children with ASD and mental- and chronological-age matched typically developing children (TD) performed speeded orientation discriminations of two diagonal lines. The lines were superimposed on circles that were either grouped together or segmented on the basis of color, proximity or these two dimensions in competition. The magnitude of performance benefits evident for grouped circles, relative to ungrouped circles, provided an index of grouping under various conditions. Children with ASD showed comparable grouping by proximity to the TD group, but reduced grouping by similarity. ASD seems characterized by a selective bias away from grouping by similarity combined with typical levels of grouping by proximity, rather than by a pervasive integration deficit. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.134 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=107 [article] Object-based attention benefits reveal selective abnormalities of visual integration in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christine M. FALTER, Auteur ; Greg DAVIS, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.128-136. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 3-3 (June 2010) . - p.128-136 Mots-clés : autism Gestalt grouping top-down Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A pervasive integration deficit could provide a powerful and elegant account of cognitive processing in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, in the case of visual Gestalt grouping, typically assessed by tasks that require participants explicitly to introspect on their own grouping perception, clear evidence for such a deficit remains elusive. To resolve this issue, we adopt an index of Gestalt grouping from the object-based attention literature that does not require participants to assess their own grouping perception. Children with ASD and mental- and chronological-age matched typically developing children (TD) performed speeded orientation discriminations of two diagonal lines. The lines were superimposed on circles that were either grouped together or segmented on the basis of color, proximity or these two dimensions in competition. The magnitude of performance benefits evident for grouped circles, relative to ungrouped circles, provided an index of grouping under various conditions. Children with ASD showed comparable grouping by proximity to the TD group, but reduced grouping by similarity. ASD seems characterized by a selective bias away from grouping by similarity combined with typical levels of grouping by proximity, rather than by a pervasive integration deficit. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.134 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=107

Reality Monitoring and Metamemory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions / Rose A. COOPER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2186-2198 Titre : Reality Monitoring and Metamemory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rose A. COOPER, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Jon S. SIMONS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2186-2198 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Episodic memory  Reality monitoring  Metacognition  Metamemory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies of reality monitoring (RM) often implicate medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in distinguishing internal and external information, a region linked to autism-related deficits in social and self-referential information processing, executive function, and memory. This study used two RM conditions (self-other; perceived-imagined) to investigate RM and metamemory in adults with autism. The autism group showed a deficit in RM, which did not differ across source conditions, and both groups exhibited a self-encoding benefit on recognition and source memory. Metamemory for perceived-imagined information, but not for self-other information, was significantly lower in the autism group. Therefore, reality monitoring and metamemory, sensitive to mPFC function, appear impaired in autism, highlighting a difficulty in remembering and monitoring internal and external details of past events. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2749-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Reality Monitoring and Metamemory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rose A. COOPER, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Jon S. SIMONS, Auteur . - p.2186-2198. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2186-2198 Mots-clés : Autism  Episodic memory  Reality monitoring  Metacognition  Metamemory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies of reality monitoring (RM) often implicate medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in distinguishing internal and external information, a region linked to autism-related deficits in social and self-referential information processing, executive function, and memory. This study used two RM conditions (self-other; perceived-imagined) to investigate RM and metamemory in adults with autism. The autism group showed a deficit in RM, which did not differ across source conditions, and both groups exhibited a self-encoding benefit on recognition and source memory. Metamemory for perceived-imagined information, but not for self-other information, was significantly lower in the autism group. Therefore, reality monitoring and metamemory, sensitive to mPFC function, appear impaired in autism, highlighting a difficulty in remembering and monitoring internal and external details of past events. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2749-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Response to commentaries on ‘Low endogenous neural noise in autism’ / Greg DAVIS in Autism, 19-3 (April 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-3 (April 2015) . - p.373-374 Titre : Response to commentaries on ‘Low endogenous neural noise in autism’ Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Greg DAVIS, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.373-374 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361314565369 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257 [article] Response to commentaries on ‘Low endogenous neural noise in autism’ [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Greg DAVIS, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur . - p.373-374. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-3 (April 2015) . - p.373-374 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361314565369 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257

The Autism-Spectrum Quotient and Visual Search: Shallow and Deep Autistic Endophenotypes / B. L. GREGORY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-5 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-5 (May 2016) . - p.1503-1512 Titre : The Autism-Spectrum Quotient and Visual Search: Shallow and Deep Autistic Endophenotypes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. L. GREGORY, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1503-1512 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Visual search ;Discrimination  High-AQ  Autistic endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A high Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) score (Baron-Cohen et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 31(1):5–17, 2001) is increasingly used as a proxy in empirical studies of perceptual mechanisms in autism. Several investigations have assessed perception in non-autistic people measured for AQ, claiming the same relationship exists between performance on perceptual tasks in high-AQ individuals as observed in autism. We question whether the similarity in performance by high-AQ individuals and autistics reflects the same underlying perceptual cause in the context of two visual search tasks administered to a large sample of typical individuals assessed for AQ. Our results indicate otherwise and that deploying the AQ as a proxy for autism introduces unsubstantiated assumptions about high-AQ individuals, the endophenotypes they express, and their relationship to Autistic Spectrum Conditions (ASC) individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1951-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288 [article] The Autism-Spectrum Quotient and Visual Search: Shallow and Deep Autistic Endophenotypes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. L. GREGORY, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur . - p.1503-1512. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-5 (May 2016) . - p.1503-1512 Mots-clés : Visual search ;Discrimination  High-AQ  Autistic endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A high Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) score (Baron-Cohen et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 31(1):5–17, 2001) is increasingly used as a proxy in empirical studies of perceptual mechanisms in autism. Several investigations have assessed perception in non-autistic people measured for AQ, claiming the same relationship exists between performance on perceptual tasks in high-AQ individuals as observed in autism. We question whether the similarity in performance by high-AQ individuals and autistics reflects the same underlying perceptual cause in the context of two visual search tasks administered to a large sample of typical individuals assessed for AQ. Our results indicate otherwise and that deploying the AQ as a proxy for autism introduces unsubstantiated assumptions about high-AQ individuals, the endophenotypes they express, and their relationship to Autistic Spectrum Conditions (ASC) individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1951-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288

---

1 (1 - 5 / 5)