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[article]
Titre : Low endogenous neural noise in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Greg DAVIS, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.351-362 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism endogenous noise hyperphasic locus coeruleus neural networks stochastic resonance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ‘Heuristic’ theories of autism postulate that a single mechanism or process underpins the diverse psychological features of autism spectrum disorder. Although no such theory can offer a comprehensive account, the parsimonious descriptions they provide are powerful catalysts to autism research. One recent proposal holds that ‘noisy’ neuronal signalling explains not only some deficits in autism spectrum disorder, but also some superior abilities, due to ‘stochastic resonance’. Here, we discuss three distinct actions of noise in neural networks, arguing in each case that autism spectrum disorder symptoms reflect too little, rather than too much, neural noise. Such reduced noise, perhaps a function of atypical brainstem activation, would enhance detection and discrimination in autism spectrum disorder but at significant cost, foregoing the widespread benefits of noise in neural networks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361314552198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257
in Autism > 19-3 (April 2015) . - p.351-362[article] Low endogenous neural noise in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Greg DAVIS, Auteur ; Kate C. PLAISTED-GRANT, Auteur . - p.351-362.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 19-3 (April 2015) . - p.351-362
Mots-clés : autism endogenous noise hyperphasic locus coeruleus neural networks stochastic resonance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ‘Heuristic’ theories of autism postulate that a single mechanism or process underpins the diverse psychological features of autism spectrum disorder. Although no such theory can offer a comprehensive account, the parsimonious descriptions they provide are powerful catalysts to autism research. One recent proposal holds that ‘noisy’ neuronal signalling explains not only some deficits in autism spectrum disorder, but also some superior abilities, due to ‘stochastic resonance’. Here, we discuss three distinct actions of noise in neural networks, arguing in each case that autism spectrum disorder symptoms reflect too little, rather than too much, neural noise. Such reduced noise, perhaps a function of atypical brainstem activation, would enhance detection and discrimination in autism spectrum disorder but at significant cost, foregoing the widespread benefits of noise in neural networks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361314552198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257 Associating Neural Alterations and Genotype in Autism and Fragile X Syndrome: Incorporating Perceptual Phenotypes in Causal Modeling / Armando BERTONE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-12 (December 2010)
[article]
Titre : Associating Neural Alterations and Genotype in Autism and Fragile X Syndrome: Incorporating Perceptual Phenotypes in Causal Modeling Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Armando BERTONE, Auteur ; Julie HANCK, Auteur ; Cary KOGAN, Auteur ; Avi CHAUDHURI, Auteur ; Kim CORNISH, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1541-1548 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Fragile X syndrome Vision Neural networks Causal model Genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We have previously described (see companion paper, this issue) the utility of using perceptual signatures for defining and dissociating condition-specific neural functioning underlying early visual processes in autism and FXS. These perceptually-driven hypotheses are based on differential performance evidenced only at the earliest stages of visual information processing, mediated by local neural network functioning. In this paper, we first review how most large-scale neural models are unable to address atypical low-level perceptual functioning in autism, and then suggest how condition-specific, local neural endophenotypes (described in our companion paper) can be incorporated into causal models to infer target candidate gene or gene clusters that are implicated in autism’s pathogenesis. The usefulness of such a translational research approach is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1110-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-12 (December 2010) . - p.1541-1548[article] Associating Neural Alterations and Genotype in Autism and Fragile X Syndrome: Incorporating Perceptual Phenotypes in Causal Modeling [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Armando BERTONE, Auteur ; Julie HANCK, Auteur ; Cary KOGAN, Auteur ; Avi CHAUDHURI, Auteur ; Kim CORNISH, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1541-1548.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-12 (December 2010) . - p.1541-1548
Mots-clés : Autism Fragile X syndrome Vision Neural networks Causal model Genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We have previously described (see companion paper, this issue) the utility of using perceptual signatures for defining and dissociating condition-specific neural functioning underlying early visual processes in autism and FXS. These perceptually-driven hypotheses are based on differential performance evidenced only at the earliest stages of visual information processing, mediated by local neural network functioning. In this paper, we first review how most large-scale neural models are unable to address atypical low-level perceptual functioning in autism, and then suggest how condition-specific, local neural endophenotypes (described in our companion paper) can be incorporated into causal models to infer target candidate gene or gene clusters that are implicated in autism’s pathogenesis. The usefulness of such a translational research approach is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1110-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114 Using Perceptual Signatures to Define and Dissociate Condition-Specific Neural Etiology: Autism and Fragile X Syndrome as Model Conditions / Armando BERTONE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-12 (December 2010)
[article]
Titre : Using Perceptual Signatures to Define and Dissociate Condition-Specific Neural Etiology: Autism and Fragile X Syndrome as Model Conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Armando BERTONE, Auteur ; Julie HANCK, Auteur ; Cary KOGAN, Auteur ; Avi CHAUDHURI, Auteur ; Kim CORNISH, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1531-1540 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Fragile X syndrome Vision Perception Perceptual signatures Neural networks Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The functional link between genetic alteration and behavioral end-state is rarely straightforward and never linear. Cases where neurodevlopmental conditions defined by a distinct genetic etiology share behavioral phenotypes are exemplary, as is the case for autism and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). In this paper and its companion paper, we propose a method for assessing the functional link between genotype and neural alteration across these target conditions by comparing their perceptual signatures. In the present paper, we discuss how such signatures can be used to (1) define and differentiate various aspects of neural functioning in autism and FXS, and subsequently, (2) to infer candidate causal (genetic) mechanisms based on such signatures (see companion paper, this issue). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1109-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-12 (December 2010) . - p.1531-1540[article] Using Perceptual Signatures to Define and Dissociate Condition-Specific Neural Etiology: Autism and Fragile X Syndrome as Model Conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Armando BERTONE, Auteur ; Julie HANCK, Auteur ; Cary KOGAN, Auteur ; Avi CHAUDHURI, Auteur ; Kim CORNISH, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1531-1540.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-12 (December 2010) . - p.1531-1540
Mots-clés : Autism Fragile X syndrome Vision Perception Perceptual signatures Neural networks Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The functional link between genetic alteration and behavioral end-state is rarely straightforward and never linear. Cases where neurodevlopmental conditions defined by a distinct genetic etiology share behavioral phenotypes are exemplary, as is the case for autism and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). In this paper and its companion paper, we propose a method for assessing the functional link between genotype and neural alteration across these target conditions by comparing their perceptual signatures. In the present paper, we discuss how such signatures can be used to (1) define and differentiate various aspects of neural functioning in autism and FXS, and subsequently, (2) to infer candidate causal (genetic) mechanisms based on such signatures (see companion paper, this issue). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1109-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114 Annual Research Review: Threats to the validity of child psychiatry and psychology / Michael RUTTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)
[article]
Titre : Annual Research Review: Threats to the validity of child psychiatry and psychology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.398-416 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Classification diagnosis genetics epigenetics bioinformatics brain imaging biomarkers neural networks Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Suggestions have been made that many claims concern false-positive findings in the field of child psychology and psychiatry. Findings The literature was searched for concepts and findings on the validity of child psychiatry and psychology. Substantial progress has been made in some, but not all, areas and considerable challenges remain in all. Conclusions The two major threats to validity concern the inability to examine brain tissues in life and the evidence that there is a high overlap among disorders. We emphasize the need to follow published guidelines on preplanned analyses and we note the dangers associated with unregulated flexibility in data analysis. We note the very important clinical and developmental findings that have been ignored, perhaps partly because of an excessive focus on technologies. Nevertheless, we are positive about both the accomplishments and the ways in which challenges are being met. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12461 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.398-416[article] Annual Research Review: Threats to the validity of child psychiatry and psychology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur . - p.398-416.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.398-416
Mots-clés : Classification diagnosis genetics epigenetics bioinformatics brain imaging biomarkers neural networks Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Suggestions have been made that many claims concern false-positive findings in the field of child psychology and psychiatry. Findings The literature was searched for concepts and findings on the validity of child psychiatry and psychology. Substantial progress has been made in some, but not all, areas and considerable challenges remain in all. Conclusions The two major threats to validity concern the inability to examine brain tissues in life and the evidence that there is a high overlap among disorders. We emphasize the need to follow published guidelines on preplanned analyses and we note the dangers associated with unregulated flexibility in data analysis. We note the very important clinical and developmental findings that have been ignored, perhaps partly because of an excessive focus on technologies. Nevertheless, we are positive about both the accomplishments and the ways in which challenges are being met. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12461 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282