Childhood abuse and reduced cortical thickness in brain regions involved in emotional processing / Andrea L. GOLD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1154-1164 Titre : Childhood abuse and reduced cortical thickness in brain regions involved in emotional processing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrea L. GOLD, Auteur ; Margaret A. SHERIDAN, Auteur ; Matthew PEVERILL, Auteur ; Daniel S. BUSSO, Auteur ; Hilary K. LAMBERT, Auteur ; Sonia ALVES, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Katie A. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1154-1164 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Abuse  childhood adversity  ventromedial prefrontal cortex  temporal cortex  cortical thickness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Alterations in gray matter development represent a potential pathway through which childhood abuse is associated with psychopathology. Several prior studies find reduced volume and thickness of prefrontal (PFC) and temporal cortex regions in abused compared with nonabused adolescents, although most prior research is based on adults and volume-based measures. This study tests the hypothesis that child abuse, independent of parental education, predicts reduced cortical thickness in prefrontal and temporal cortices as well as reduced gray mater volume (GMV) in subcortical regions during adolescence. Methods Structural MRI scans were obtained from 21 adolescents exposed to physical and/or sexual abuse and 37 nonabused adolescents (ages 13–20). Abuse was operationalized using dichotomous and continuous measures. We examined associations between abuse and brain structure in several a priori-defined regions, controlling for parental education, age, sex, race, and total brain volume for subcortical GMV. Significance was evaluated at p < .05 with a false discovery rate correction. Results Child abuse exposure and severity were associated with reduced thickness in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), left temporal pole, and bilateral inferior, right middle, and right superior temporal gyri. Neither abuse measure predicted cortical surface area or subcortical GMV. Bilateral PHG thickness was inversely related to externalizing symptoms. Conclusions Child abuse, an experience characterized by a high degree of threat, is associated with reduced cortical thickness in ventromedial and ventrolateral PFC and medial and lateral temporal cortex in adolescence. Reduced PHG thickness may be a mediator linking abuse with externalizing psychopathology, although prospective research is needed to evaluate this possibility. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Childhood abuse and reduced cortical thickness in brain regions involved in emotional processing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrea L. GOLD, Auteur ; Margaret A. SHERIDAN, Auteur ; Matthew PEVERILL, Auteur ; Daniel S. BUSSO, Auteur ; Hilary K. LAMBERT, Auteur ; Sonia ALVES, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Katie A. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur . - p.1154-1164. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1154-1164 Mots-clés : Abuse  childhood adversity  ventromedial prefrontal cortex  temporal cortex  cortical thickness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Alterations in gray matter development represent a potential pathway through which childhood abuse is associated with psychopathology. Several prior studies find reduced volume and thickness of prefrontal (PFC) and temporal cortex regions in abused compared with nonabused adolescents, although most prior research is based on adults and volume-based measures. This study tests the hypothesis that child abuse, independent of parental education, predicts reduced cortical thickness in prefrontal and temporal cortices as well as reduced gray mater volume (GMV) in subcortical regions during adolescence. Methods Structural MRI scans were obtained from 21 adolescents exposed to physical and/or sexual abuse and 37 nonabused adolescents (ages 13–20). Abuse was operationalized using dichotomous and continuous measures. We examined associations between abuse and brain structure in several a priori-defined regions, controlling for parental education, age, sex, race, and total brain volume for subcortical GMV. Significance was evaluated at p < .05 with a false discovery rate correction. Results Child abuse exposure and severity were associated with reduced thickness in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), left temporal pole, and bilateral inferior, right middle, and right superior temporal gyri. Neither abuse measure predicted cortical surface area or subcortical GMV. Bilateral PHG thickness was inversely related to externalizing symptoms. Conclusions Child abuse, an experience characterized by a high degree of threat, is associated with reduced cortical thickness in ventromedial and ventrolateral PFC and medial and lateral temporal cortex in adolescence. Reduced PHG thickness may be a mediator linking abuse with externalizing psychopathology, although prospective research is needed to evaluate this possibility. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Differential associations of threat and deprivation with emotion regulation and cognitive control in adolescence / Hilary K. LAMBERT in Development and Psychopathology, 29-3 (August 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-3 (August 2017) . - p.929-940 Titre : Differential associations of threat and deprivation with emotion regulation and cognitive control in adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hilary K. LAMBERT, Auteur ; Kevin M. KING, Auteur ; Kathryn C. MONAHAN, Auteur ; Katie A. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.929-940 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Research on childhood adversity has traditionally focused on single types of adversity, which is limited because of high co-occurrence, or on the total number of adverse experiences, which assumes that diverse experiences influence development similarly. Identifying dimensions of environmental experience that are common to multiple types of adversity may be a more effective strategy. We examined the unique associations of two such dimensions (threat and cognitive deprivation) with automatic emotion regulation and cognitive control using a multivariate approach that simultaneously examined both dimensions of adversity. Data were drawn from a community sample of adolescents (N = 287) with variability in exposure to violence, an indicator of threat, and poverty, which is associated with cognitive deprivation. Adolescents completed tasks measuring automatic emotion regulation and cognitive control in neutral and emotional contexts. Violence was associated with automatic emotion regulation deficits, but not cognitive control; poverty was associated with poor cognitive control, but not automatic emotion regulation. Both violence and poverty predicted poor inhibition in an emotional context. Utilizing an approach focused on either single types of adversity or cumulative risk obscured specificity in the associations of violence and poverty with emotional and cognitive outcomes. These findings suggest that different dimensions of childhood adversity have distinct influences on development and highlight the utility of a differentiated multivariate approach. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000584 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=312 [article] Differential associations of threat and deprivation with emotion regulation and cognitive control in adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hilary K. LAMBERT, Auteur ; Kevin M. KING, Auteur ; Kathryn C. MONAHAN, Auteur ; Katie A. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur . - p.929-940. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-3 (August 2017) . - p.929-940 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Research on childhood adversity has traditionally focused on single types of adversity, which is limited because of high co-occurrence, or on the total number of adverse experiences, which assumes that diverse experiences influence development similarly. Identifying dimensions of environmental experience that are common to multiple types of adversity may be a more effective strategy. We examined the unique associations of two such dimensions (threat and cognitive deprivation) with automatic emotion regulation and cognitive control using a multivariate approach that simultaneously examined both dimensions of adversity. Data were drawn from a community sample of adolescents (N = 287) with variability in exposure to violence, an indicator of threat, and poverty, which is associated with cognitive deprivation. Adolescents completed tasks measuring automatic emotion regulation and cognitive control in neutral and emotional contexts. Violence was associated with automatic emotion regulation deficits, but not cognitive control; poverty was associated with poor cognitive control, but not automatic emotion regulation. Both violence and poverty predicted poor inhibition in an emotional context. Utilizing an approach focused on either single types of adversity or cumulative risk obscured specificity in the associations of violence and poverty with emotional and cognitive outcomes. These findings suggest that different dimensions of childhood adversity have distinct influences on development and highlight the utility of a differentiated multivariate approach. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000584 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=312

Violence exposure and neural systems underlying working memory for emotional stimuli in youth / Jessica L. JENNESS in Development and Psychopathology, 30-4 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 30-4 (October 2018) . - p.1517-1528 Titre : Violence exposure and neural systems underlying working memory for emotional stimuli in youth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessica L. JENNESS, Auteur ; Maya L. ROSEN, Auteur ; Kelly A. SAMBROOK, Auteur ; Meg J. DENNISON, Auteur ; Hilary K. LAMBERT, Auteur ; Margaret A. SHERIDAN, Auteur ; Katie A. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1517-1528 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Violence exposure during childhood is common and associated with poor cognitive and academic functioning. However, little is known about how violence exposure influences cognitive processes that might contribute to these disparities, such as working memory, or their neural underpinnings, particularly for cognitive processes that occur in emotionally salient contexts. We address this gap in a sample of 54 participants aged 8 to 19 years (50% female), half with exposure to interpersonal violence. Participants completed a delayed match to sample task for emotional faces while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Violence-exposed youth performed worse than controls on happy and neutral, but not angry, trials. In whole-brain analysis, violence-exposed youth had reduced activation in the left middle frontal gyrus and right intraparietal sulcus during encoding and the left superior temporal sulcus and temporal–parietal junction during retrieval compared to control youth. Reduced activation in the left middle frontal gyrus during encoding and the left superior temporal sulcus during retrieval mediated the association between violence exposure and task performance. Violence exposure influences the frontoparietal network that supports working memory as well as regions involved in facial processing during working memory for emotional stimuli. Reduced neural recruitment in these regions may explain atypical patterns of cognitive processing seen among violence-exposed youth, particularly within emotional contexts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417001638 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Violence exposure and neural systems underlying working memory for emotional stimuli in youth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessica L. JENNESS, Auteur ; Maya L. ROSEN, Auteur ; Kelly A. SAMBROOK, Auteur ; Meg J. DENNISON, Auteur ; Hilary K. LAMBERT, Auteur ; Margaret A. SHERIDAN, Auteur ; Katie A. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur . - p.1517-1528. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 30-4 (October 2018) . - p.1517-1528 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Violence exposure during childhood is common and associated with poor cognitive and academic functioning. However, little is known about how violence exposure influences cognitive processes that might contribute to these disparities, such as working memory, or their neural underpinnings, particularly for cognitive processes that occur in emotionally salient contexts. We address this gap in a sample of 54 participants aged 8 to 19 years (50% female), half with exposure to interpersonal violence. Participants completed a delayed match to sample task for emotional faces while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Violence-exposed youth performed worse than controls on happy and neutral, but not angry, trials. In whole-brain analysis, violence-exposed youth had reduced activation in the left middle frontal gyrus and right intraparietal sulcus during encoding and the left superior temporal sulcus and temporal–parietal junction during retrieval compared to control youth. Reduced activation in the left middle frontal gyrus during encoding and the left superior temporal sulcus during retrieval mediated the association between violence exposure and task performance. Violence exposure influences the frontoparietal network that supports working memory as well as regions involved in facial processing during working memory for emotional stimuli. Reduced neural recruitment in these regions may explain atypical patterns of cognitive processing seen among violence-exposed youth, particularly within emotional contexts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417001638 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

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