Dépouillements

Editorial: The effects of early trauma and deprivation on human development – from measuring cumulative risk to characterizing specific mechanisms / Charles H. ZEANAH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1099-1102 Titre : Editorial: The effects of early trauma and deprivation on human development – from measuring cumulative risk to characterizing specific mechanisms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1099-1102 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Science is not a linear process of accumulating knowledge. To the contrary, progress in understanding is most likely to occur, especially in less ‘mature’ disciplines, when healthy debate between opposing points of view create a dialectic in which thesis and antithesis force a new synthesis. In developmental psychopathology, such tension between opposing schools of thought continue to play a vital role in driving discovery across a wide range of topics. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Editorial: The effects of early trauma and deprivation on human development – from measuring cumulative risk to characterizing specific mechanisms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - p.1099-1102. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1099-1102 Mots-clés : attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Science is not a linear process of accumulating knowledge. To the contrary, progress in understanding is most likely to occur, especially in less ‘mature’ disciplines, when healthy debate between opposing points of view create a dialectic in which thesis and antithesis force a new synthesis. In developmental psychopathology, such tension between opposing schools of thought continue to play a vital role in driving discovery across a wide range of topics. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Lest we forget: comparing retrospective and prospective assessments of adverse childhood experiences in the prediction of adult health / Aaron REUBEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1103-1112 Titre : Lest we forget: comparing retrospective and prospective assessments of adverse childhood experiences in the prediction of adult health Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aaron REUBEN, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur ; Avshalom CASPI, Auteur ; Daniel W. BELSKY, Auteur ; Honalee HARRINGTON, Auteur ; Felix SCHROEDER, Auteur ; Sean HOGAN, Auteur ; Sandhya RAMRAKHA, Auteur ; Richie POULTON, Auteur ; Andrea DANESE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1103-1112 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adverse childhood experiences  physical health  mental health  cognitive health  epidemiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; e.g. abuse, neglect, and parental loss) have been associated with increased risk for later-life disease and dysfunction using adults’ retrospective self-reports of ACEs. Research should test whether associations between ACEs and health outcomes are the same for prospective and retrospective ACE measures. Methods We estimated agreement between ACEs prospectively recorded throughout childhood (by Study staff at Study member ages 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15) and retrospectively recalled in adulthood (by Study members when they reached age 38), in the population-representative Dunedin cohort (N = 1,037). We related both retrospective and prospective ACE measures to physical, mental, cognitive, and social health at midlife measured through both objective (e.g. biomarkers and neuropsychological tests) and subjective (e.g. self-reported) means. Results Dunedin and U.S. Centers for Disease Control ACE distributions were similar. Retrospective and prospective measures of adversity showed moderate agreement (r = .47, p < .001; weighted Kappa = .31, 95% CI: .27–.35). Both associated with all midlife outcomes. As compared to prospective ACEs, retrospective ACEs showed stronger associations with life outcomes that were subjectively assessed, and weaker associations with life outcomes that were objectively assessed. Recalled ACEs and poor subjective outcomes were correlated regardless of whether prospectively recorded ACEs were evident. Individuals who recalled more ACEs than had been prospectively recorded were more neurotic than average, and individuals who recalled fewer ACEs than recorded were more agreeable. Conclusions Prospective ACE records confirm associations between childhood adversity and negative life outcomes found previously using retrospective ACE reports. However, more agreeable and neurotic dispositions may, respectively, bias retrospective ACE measures toward underestimating the impact of adversity on objectively measured life outcomes and overestimating the impact of adversity on self-reported outcomes. Associations between personality factors and the propensity to recall adversity were extremely modest and warrant further investigation. Risk predictions based on retrospective ACE reports should utilize objective outcome measures. Where objective outcome measurements are difficult to obtain, correction factors may be warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12621 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Lest we forget: comparing retrospective and prospective assessments of adverse childhood experiences in the prediction of adult health [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aaron REUBEN, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur ; Avshalom CASPI, Auteur ; Daniel W. BELSKY, Auteur ; Honalee HARRINGTON, Auteur ; Felix SCHROEDER, Auteur ; Sean HOGAN, Auteur ; Sandhya RAMRAKHA, Auteur ; Richie POULTON, Auteur ; Andrea DANESE, Auteur . - p.1103-1112. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1103-1112 Mots-clés : Adverse childhood experiences  physical health  mental health  cognitive health  epidemiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; e.g. abuse, neglect, and parental loss) have been associated with increased risk for later-life disease and dysfunction using adults’ retrospective self-reports of ACEs. Research should test whether associations between ACEs and health outcomes are the same for prospective and retrospective ACE measures. Methods We estimated agreement between ACEs prospectively recorded throughout childhood (by Study staff at Study member ages 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15) and retrospectively recalled in adulthood (by Study members when they reached age 38), in the population-representative Dunedin cohort (N = 1,037). We related both retrospective and prospective ACE measures to physical, mental, cognitive, and social health at midlife measured through both objective (e.g. biomarkers and neuropsychological tests) and subjective (e.g. self-reported) means. Results Dunedin and U.S. Centers for Disease Control ACE distributions were similar. Retrospective and prospective measures of adversity showed moderate agreement (r = .47, p < .001; weighted Kappa = .31, 95% CI: .27–.35). Both associated with all midlife outcomes. As compared to prospective ACEs, retrospective ACEs showed stronger associations with life outcomes that were subjectively assessed, and weaker associations with life outcomes that were objectively assessed. Recalled ACEs and poor subjective outcomes were correlated regardless of whether prospectively recorded ACEs were evident. Individuals who recalled more ACEs than had been prospectively recorded were more neurotic than average, and individuals who recalled fewer ACEs than recorded were more agreeable. Conclusions Prospective ACE records confirm associations between childhood adversity and negative life outcomes found previously using retrospective ACE reports. However, more agreeable and neurotic dispositions may, respectively, bias retrospective ACE measures toward underestimating the impact of adversity on objectively measured life outcomes and overestimating the impact of adversity on self-reported outcomes. Associations between personality factors and the propensity to recall adversity were extremely modest and warrant further investigation. Risk predictions based on retrospective ACE reports should utilize objective outcome measures. Where objective outcome measurements are difficult to obtain, correction factors may be warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12621 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Early severe institutional deprivation is associated with a persistent variant of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical presentation, developmental continuities and life circumstances in the English and Romanian Adoptees study / Mark KENNEDY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1113-1125 Titre : Early severe institutional deprivation is associated with a persistent variant of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical presentation, developmental continuities and life circumstances in the English and Romanian Adoptees study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark KENNEDY, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Nicky KNIGHTS, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1113-1125 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  institutional deprivation  Romanian adoptees  adult onset  longitudinal  adversity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early-life institutional deprivation is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood and adolescence. In this article, we examine, for the first time, the persistence of deprivation-related ADHD into young adulthood in a sample of individuals adopted as young children by UK families after periods in extremely depriving Romanian orphanages. Methods We estimated rates of ADHD at age 15 years and in young adulthood (ages 22–25 years) in individuals at low (LoDep; nondeprived UK adoptees and Romanian adoptees with less than 6-month institutional exposure) and high deprivation-related risk (HiDep; Romanian adoptees with more than 6-month exposure). Estimates were based on parent report using DSM-5 childhood symptom and impairment criteria. At age 15, data were available for 108 LoDep and 86 HiDep cases, while in young adulthood, the numbers were 83 and 60, respectively. Data on education and employment status, IQ, co-occurring symptoms of young adult disinhibited social engagement (DSE), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cognitive impairment, conduct disorder (CD), callous-unemotional (CU) traits, anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL) were also collected. Results ADHD rates in the LoDep group were similar to the general population in adolescence (5.6%) and adulthood (3.8%). HiDep individuals were, respectively, nearly four (19%) and over seven (29.3%) times more likely to meet criteria, than LoDep. Nine ‘onset’ young adult cases emerged, but these had a prior childhood history of elevated ADHD behaviours at ages 6, 11 and 15 years. Young adult ADHD was equally common in males and females, was predominantly inattentive in presentation and co-occurred with high levels of ASD, DSE and CU features. ADHD was associated with high unemployment and low educational attainment. Conclusion We provide the first evidence of a strong persistence into adulthood of a distinctively complex and impairing deprivation-related variant of ADHD. Our results confirm the powerful association of early experience with later development in a way that suggests a role for deep-seated alterations to brain structure and function. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12576 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Early severe institutional deprivation is associated with a persistent variant of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical presentation, developmental continuities and life circumstances in the English and Romanian Adoptees study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark KENNEDY, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Nicky KNIGHTS, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - p.1113-1125. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1113-1125 Mots-clés : Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  institutional deprivation  Romanian adoptees  adult onset  longitudinal  adversity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early-life institutional deprivation is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood and adolescence. In this article, we examine, for the first time, the persistence of deprivation-related ADHD into young adulthood in a sample of individuals adopted as young children by UK families after periods in extremely depriving Romanian orphanages. Methods We estimated rates of ADHD at age 15 years and in young adulthood (ages 22–25 years) in individuals at low (LoDep; nondeprived UK adoptees and Romanian adoptees with less than 6-month institutional exposure) and high deprivation-related risk (HiDep; Romanian adoptees with more than 6-month exposure). Estimates were based on parent report using DSM-5 childhood symptom and impairment criteria. At age 15, data were available for 108 LoDep and 86 HiDep cases, while in young adulthood, the numbers were 83 and 60, respectively. Data on education and employment status, IQ, co-occurring symptoms of young adult disinhibited social engagement (DSE), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cognitive impairment, conduct disorder (CD), callous-unemotional (CU) traits, anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL) were also collected. Results ADHD rates in the LoDep group were similar to the general population in adolescence (5.6%) and adulthood (3.8%). HiDep individuals were, respectively, nearly four (19%) and over seven (29.3%) times more likely to meet criteria, than LoDep. Nine ‘onset’ young adult cases emerged, but these had a prior childhood history of elevated ADHD behaviours at ages 6, 11 and 15 years. Young adult ADHD was equally common in males and females, was predominantly inattentive in presentation and co-occurred with high levels of ASD, DSE and CU features. ADHD was associated with high unemployment and low educational attainment. Conclusion We provide the first evidence of a strong persistence into adulthood of a distinctively complex and impairing deprivation-related variant of ADHD. Our results confirm the powerful association of early experience with later development in a way that suggests a role for deep-seated alterations to brain structure and function. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12576 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

The course of early disinhibited social engagement among post-institutionalized adopted children / Jamie M. LAWLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1126-1134 Titre : The course of early disinhibited social engagement among post-institutionalized adopted children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jamie M. LAWLER, Auteur ; Kalsea J. KOSS, Auteur ; Colleen M. DOYLE, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1126-1134 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adoption  attachment disorders  deprivation  developmental psychopathology  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Approximately 20% of post-institutionalized (PI) children exhibit disinhibited social engagement (DSE) or the propensity to approach and engage strangers. There is little longitudinal research examining changes in DSE after adoption, or methods of identifying children with persistent behaviors. Methods DSE was assessed observationally four times during the first 2 years postadoption in PI children 16–36 months at adoption (n = 68) relative to same-age nonadopted children (n = 52). At age 5, a validated interview determined which PI children met criteria for Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED). Results DSE trajectories initially increased and then stabilized. PIs had higher DSE levels initially and a steeper increase rate than NAs. When separated into physical and nonphysical DSE components, group differences arose in initial physical DSE and the rate of change of nonphysical DSE. DSE rate of increase predicted DSED diagnosis, as did longer institutional duration and poorer institutional care. Conclusions The rate of increase in DSE postadoption, rather than the level observed at adoption, is predictive of disordered social engagement by age 5 years. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12606 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] The course of early disinhibited social engagement among post-institutionalized adopted children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jamie M. LAWLER, Auteur ; Kalsea J. KOSS, Auteur ; Colleen M. DOYLE, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur . - p.1126-1134. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1126-1134 Mots-clés : Adoption  attachment disorders  deprivation  developmental psychopathology  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Approximately 20% of post-institutionalized (PI) children exhibit disinhibited social engagement (DSE) or the propensity to approach and engage strangers. There is little longitudinal research examining changes in DSE after adoption, or methods of identifying children with persistent behaviors. Methods DSE was assessed observationally four times during the first 2 years postadoption in PI children 16–36 months at adoption (n = 68) relative to same-age nonadopted children (n = 52). At age 5, a validated interview determined which PI children met criteria for Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED). Results DSE trajectories initially increased and then stabilized. PIs had higher DSE levels initially and a steeper increase rate than NAs. When separated into physical and nonphysical DSE components, group differences arose in initial physical DSE and the rate of change of nonphysical DSE. DSE rate of increase predicted DSED diagnosis, as did longer institutional duration and poorer institutional care. Conclusions The rate of increase in DSE postadoption, rather than the level observed at adoption, is predictive of disordered social engagement by age 5 years. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12606 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Discrimination of amygdala response predicts future separation anxiety in youth with early deprivation / Shulamite A. GREEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1135-1144 Titre : Discrimination of amygdala response predicts future separation anxiety in youth with early deprivation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shulamite A. GREEN, Auteur ; Bonnie GOFF, Auteur ; Dylan G. GEE, Auteur ; Laurel GABARD-DURNAM, Auteur ; Jessica FLANNERY, Auteur ; Eva H. TELZER, Auteur ; Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Jennifer LOUIE, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1135-1144 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Amygdala development  parents  stress  institutional rearing  separation anxiety  social Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Significant disruption in caregiving is associated with increased internalizing symptoms, most notably heightened separation anxiety symptoms during childhood. It is also associated with altered functional development of the amygdala, a neurobiological correlate of anxious behavior. However, much less is known about how functional alterations of amygdala predict individual differences in anxiety. Here, we probed amygdala function following institutional caregiving using very subtle social-affective stimuli (trustworthy and untrustworthy faces), which typically result in large differences in amygdala signal, and change in separation anxiety behaviors over a 2-year period. We hypothesized that the degree of differentiation of amygdala signal to trustworthy versus untrustworthy face stimuli would predict separation anxiety symptoms. Methods Seventy-four youths mean (SD) age = 9.7 years (2.64) with and without previous institutional care, who were all living in families at the time of testing, participated in an fMRI task designed to examine differential amygdala response to trustworthy versus untrustworthy faces. Parents reported on their children's separation anxiety symptoms at the time of scan and again 2 years later. Results Previous institutional care was associated with diminished amygdala signal differences and behavioral differences to the contrast of untrustworthy and trustworthy faces. Diminished differentiation of these stimuli types predicted more severe separation anxiety symptoms 2 years later. Older age at adoption was associated with diminished differentiation of amygdala responses. Conclusions A history of institutional care is associated with reduced differential amygdala responses to social-affective cues of trustworthiness that are typically exhibited by comparison samples. Individual differences in the degree of amygdala differential responding to these cues predict the severity of separation anxiety symptoms over a 2-year period. These findings provide a biological mechanism to explain the associations between early caregiving adversity and individual differences in internalizing symptomology during development, thereby contributing to individualized predictions of future clinical outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12578 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Discrimination of amygdala response predicts future separation anxiety in youth with early deprivation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shulamite A. GREEN, Auteur ; Bonnie GOFF, Auteur ; Dylan G. GEE, Auteur ; Laurel GABARD-DURNAM, Auteur ; Jessica FLANNERY, Auteur ; Eva H. TELZER, Auteur ; Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Jennifer LOUIE, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur . - p.1135-1144. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1135-1144 Mots-clés : Amygdala development  parents  stress  institutional rearing  separation anxiety  social Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Significant disruption in caregiving is associated with increased internalizing symptoms, most notably heightened separation anxiety symptoms during childhood. It is also associated with altered functional development of the amygdala, a neurobiological correlate of anxious behavior. However, much less is known about how functional alterations of amygdala predict individual differences in anxiety. Here, we probed amygdala function following institutional caregiving using very subtle social-affective stimuli (trustworthy and untrustworthy faces), which typically result in large differences in amygdala signal, and change in separation anxiety behaviors over a 2-year period. We hypothesized that the degree of differentiation of amygdala signal to trustworthy versus untrustworthy face stimuli would predict separation anxiety symptoms. Methods Seventy-four youths mean (SD) age = 9.7 years (2.64) with and without previous institutional care, who were all living in families at the time of testing, participated in an fMRI task designed to examine differential amygdala response to trustworthy versus untrustworthy faces. Parents reported on their children's separation anxiety symptoms at the time of scan and again 2 years later. Results Previous institutional care was associated with diminished amygdala signal differences and behavioral differences to the contrast of untrustworthy and trustworthy faces. Diminished differentiation of these stimuli types predicted more severe separation anxiety symptoms 2 years later. Older age at adoption was associated with diminished differentiation of amygdala responses. Conclusions A history of institutional care is associated with reduced differential amygdala responses to social-affective cues of trustworthiness that are typically exhibited by comparison samples. Individual differences in the degree of amygdala differential responding to these cues predict the severity of separation anxiety symptoms over a 2-year period. These findings provide a biological mechanism to explain the associations between early caregiving adversity and individual differences in internalizing symptomology during development, thereby contributing to individualized predictions of future clinical outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12578 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Deficits in error monitoring are associated with externalizing but not internalizing behaviors among children with a history of institutionalization / Sonya TROLLER-RENFREE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1145-1153 Titre : Deficits in error monitoring are associated with externalizing but not internalizing behaviors among children with a history of institutionalization Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sonya TROLLER-RENFREE, Auteur ; Charles A. NELSON, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Nathan A. FOX, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1145-1153 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Institutions  externalizing disorder  internalizing disorder  cognition  event-related potentials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children raised in institutions are at increased risk of developing internalizing and externalizing problems. However, not all children raised in institutions develop psychopathology. Deficits in error monitoring may be one risk pathway for children with a history of institutionalization given that these skills are related to both internalizing and externalizing psychiatric disorders. Error monitoring and the neural circuitry that supports it have a protracted developmental time course and are highly susceptible to the effects of adversity. As such, they may play an important moderating role between a history of institutional rearing and subsequent psychopathology. Methods We investigated the impact of psychosocial deprivation on behavioral and neural responses (event-related potentials: ERPs) to a Flanker task assessing error monitoring and the relations between these measures and psychopathology for 12-year-old children in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP). The BEIP involves two groups of institutionalized children randomly assigned in infancy to receive either a foster care intervention (FCG) or care as usual (CAUG). Results Children who experienced institutional care, particularly those in the CAUG, showed perturbed behavioral performance and ERPs on the Flanker task. Additionally, an ERP measure of error monitoring [error-related negativity (ERN)] moderated the relations between time spent in institutions and externalizing and ADHD behaviors. When the amplitude of the ERN was smaller, time spent in institutional care was positively related to ADHD and externalizing behaviors, whereas time spent in institutions was unrelated to externalizing problems when children evidenced a larger ERN. Neural correlates of error monitoring did not moderate the relations between time spent in institutionalized care and internalizing behaviors. Conclusions Exposure to institutional care early in life may affect brain circuitry associated with error monitoring. Perturbations in this neural circuitry in combination with psychosocial deprivation are possibly a risk pathway associated with the development of externalizing and ADHD problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12604 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Deficits in error monitoring are associated with externalizing but not internalizing behaviors among children with a history of institutionalization [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sonya TROLLER-RENFREE, Auteur ; Charles A. NELSON, Auteur ; Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Nathan A. FOX, Auteur . - p.1145-1153. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1145-1153 Mots-clés : Institutions  externalizing disorder  internalizing disorder  cognition  event-related potentials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children raised in institutions are at increased risk of developing internalizing and externalizing problems. However, not all children raised in institutions develop psychopathology. Deficits in error monitoring may be one risk pathway for children with a history of institutionalization given that these skills are related to both internalizing and externalizing psychiatric disorders. Error monitoring and the neural circuitry that supports it have a protracted developmental time course and are highly susceptible to the effects of adversity. As such, they may play an important moderating role between a history of institutional rearing and subsequent psychopathology. Methods We investigated the impact of psychosocial deprivation on behavioral and neural responses (event-related potentials: ERPs) to a Flanker task assessing error monitoring and the relations between these measures and psychopathology for 12-year-old children in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP). The BEIP involves two groups of institutionalized children randomly assigned in infancy to receive either a foster care intervention (FCG) or care as usual (CAUG). Results Children who experienced institutional care, particularly those in the CAUG, showed perturbed behavioral performance and ERPs on the Flanker task. Additionally, an ERP measure of error monitoring [error-related negativity (ERN)] moderated the relations between time spent in institutions and externalizing and ADHD behaviors. When the amplitude of the ERN was smaller, time spent in institutional care was positively related to ADHD and externalizing behaviors, whereas time spent in institutions was unrelated to externalizing problems when children evidenced a larger ERN. Neural correlates of error monitoring did not moderate the relations between time spent in institutionalized care and internalizing behaviors. Conclusions Exposure to institutional care early in life may affect brain circuitry associated with error monitoring. Perturbations in this neural circuitry in combination with psychosocial deprivation are possibly a risk pathway associated with the development of externalizing and ADHD problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12604 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Childhood abuse and reduced cortical thickness in brain regions involved in emotional processing / Andrea L. GOLD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1154-1164 Titre : Childhood abuse and reduced cortical thickness in brain regions involved in emotional processing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrea L. GOLD, Auteur ; Margaret A. SHERIDAN, Auteur ; Matthew PEVERILL, Auteur ; Daniel S. BUSSO, Auteur ; Hilary K. LAMBERT, Auteur ; Sonia ALVES, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Katie A. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1154-1164 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Abuse  childhood adversity  ventromedial prefrontal cortex  temporal cortex  cortical thickness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Alterations in gray matter development represent a potential pathway through which childhood abuse is associated with psychopathology. Several prior studies find reduced volume and thickness of prefrontal (PFC) and temporal cortex regions in abused compared with nonabused adolescents, although most prior research is based on adults and volume-based measures. This study tests the hypothesis that child abuse, independent of parental education, predicts reduced cortical thickness in prefrontal and temporal cortices as well as reduced gray mater volume (GMV) in subcortical regions during adolescence. Methods Structural MRI scans were obtained from 21 adolescents exposed to physical and/or sexual abuse and 37 nonabused adolescents (ages 13–20). Abuse was operationalized using dichotomous and continuous measures. We examined associations between abuse and brain structure in several a priori-defined regions, controlling for parental education, age, sex, race, and total brain volume for subcortical GMV. Significance was evaluated at p < .05 with a false discovery rate correction. Results Child abuse exposure and severity were associated with reduced thickness in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), left temporal pole, and bilateral inferior, right middle, and right superior temporal gyri. Neither abuse measure predicted cortical surface area or subcortical GMV. Bilateral PHG thickness was inversely related to externalizing symptoms. Conclusions Child abuse, an experience characterized by a high degree of threat, is associated with reduced cortical thickness in ventromedial and ventrolateral PFC and medial and lateral temporal cortex in adolescence. Reduced PHG thickness may be a mediator linking abuse with externalizing psychopathology, although prospective research is needed to evaluate this possibility. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Childhood abuse and reduced cortical thickness in brain regions involved in emotional processing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrea L. GOLD, Auteur ; Margaret A. SHERIDAN, Auteur ; Matthew PEVERILL, Auteur ; Daniel S. BUSSO, Auteur ; Hilary K. LAMBERT, Auteur ; Sonia ALVES, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Katie A. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur . - p.1154-1164. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1154-1164 Mots-clés : Abuse  childhood adversity  ventromedial prefrontal cortex  temporal cortex  cortical thickness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Alterations in gray matter development represent a potential pathway through which childhood abuse is associated with psychopathology. Several prior studies find reduced volume and thickness of prefrontal (PFC) and temporal cortex regions in abused compared with nonabused adolescents, although most prior research is based on adults and volume-based measures. This study tests the hypothesis that child abuse, independent of parental education, predicts reduced cortical thickness in prefrontal and temporal cortices as well as reduced gray mater volume (GMV) in subcortical regions during adolescence. Methods Structural MRI scans were obtained from 21 adolescents exposed to physical and/or sexual abuse and 37 nonabused adolescents (ages 13–20). Abuse was operationalized using dichotomous and continuous measures. We examined associations between abuse and brain structure in several a priori-defined regions, controlling for parental education, age, sex, race, and total brain volume for subcortical GMV. Significance was evaluated at p < .05 with a false discovery rate correction. Results Child abuse exposure and severity were associated with reduced thickness in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), left temporal pole, and bilateral inferior, right middle, and right superior temporal gyri. Neither abuse measure predicted cortical surface area or subcortical GMV. Bilateral PHG thickness was inversely related to externalizing symptoms. Conclusions Child abuse, an experience characterized by a high degree of threat, is associated with reduced cortical thickness in ventromedial and ventrolateral PFC and medial and lateral temporal cortex in adolescence. Reduced PHG thickness may be a mediator linking abuse with externalizing psychopathology, although prospective research is needed to evaluate this possibility. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Altered neural response to rejection-related words in children exposed to maltreatment / Vanessa B. PUETZ in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1165-1173 Titre : Altered neural response to rejection-related words in children exposed to maltreatment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vanessa B. PUETZ, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Amy L. PALMER, Auteur ; Philip A. KELLY, Auteur ; Rachael LICKLEY, Auteur ; Iakovina KOUTOUFA, Auteur ; Catherine L. SEBASTIAN, Auteur ; Eamon J. MCCRORY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1165-1173 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child abuse  emotion regulation  fMRI  posttraumatic stress disorder  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children exposed to maltreatment show neural sensitivity to facial cues signalling threat. However, little is known about how maltreatment influences the processing of social threat cues more broadly, and whether atypical processing of social threat cues relates to psychiatric risk. Methods Forty-one 10- to 14-year-old children underwent a social rejection-themed emotional Stroop task during functional magnetic resonance imaging: 21 children with a documented history of maltreatment (11 F) and 19 comparison children with no maltreatment history (11 F). Groups were matched on age, pubertal status, gender, IQ, socioeconomic status, ethnicity and reading ability. Classic colour Stroop stimuli were also administered in the same paradigm to investigate potential differences in general cognitive control. Results Compared with their peers, children who had experienced maltreatment showed reduced activation in the Rejection versus Neutral condition, across circuitry previously implicated in abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including the left anterior insula, extending into left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex; left amygdala; left inferior parietal cortex (STS); and bilateral visual association cortex, encompassing the cuneus and lingual gyrus. No group differences in neural or behavioural responses were found for the classic colour Stroop conditions. Significant negative associations between activity in bilateral cuneus and STS during the rejection-themed Stroop and higher self-reported PTSD symptomatology, including dissociation, were observed in children exposed to maltreatment. Conclusion Our findings indicate a pattern of altered neural response to social rejection cues in maltreated children. Compared to their peers, these children displayed relative hypoactivation to rejection cues in regions previously associated with PTSD, potentially reflecting an avoidant coping response. It is suggested that such atypical processing of social threat may index latent vulnerability to future psychopathology in general and PTSD in particular. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12595 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Altered neural response to rejection-related words in children exposed to maltreatment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vanessa B. PUETZ, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Amy L. PALMER, Auteur ; Philip A. KELLY, Auteur ; Rachael LICKLEY, Auteur ; Iakovina KOUTOUFA, Auteur ; Catherine L. SEBASTIAN, Auteur ; Eamon J. MCCRORY, Auteur . - p.1165-1173. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1165-1173 Mots-clés : Child abuse  emotion regulation  fMRI  posttraumatic stress disorder  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children exposed to maltreatment show neural sensitivity to facial cues signalling threat. However, little is known about how maltreatment influences the processing of social threat cues more broadly, and whether atypical processing of social threat cues relates to psychiatric risk. Methods Forty-one 10- to 14-year-old children underwent a social rejection-themed emotional Stroop task during functional magnetic resonance imaging: 21 children with a documented history of maltreatment (11 F) and 19 comparison children with no maltreatment history (11 F). Groups were matched on age, pubertal status, gender, IQ, socioeconomic status, ethnicity and reading ability. Classic colour Stroop stimuli were also administered in the same paradigm to investigate potential differences in general cognitive control. Results Compared with their peers, children who had experienced maltreatment showed reduced activation in the Rejection versus Neutral condition, across circuitry previously implicated in abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including the left anterior insula, extending into left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex; left amygdala; left inferior parietal cortex (STS); and bilateral visual association cortex, encompassing the cuneus and lingual gyrus. No group differences in neural or behavioural responses were found for the classic colour Stroop conditions. Significant negative associations between activity in bilateral cuneus and STS during the rejection-themed Stroop and higher self-reported PTSD symptomatology, including dissociation, were observed in children exposed to maltreatment. Conclusion Our findings indicate a pattern of altered neural response to social rejection cues in maltreated children. Compared to their peers, these children displayed relative hypoactivation to rejection cues in regions previously associated with PTSD, potentially reflecting an avoidant coping response. It is suggested that such atypical processing of social threat may index latent vulnerability to future psychopathology in general and PTSD in particular. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12595 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Attentional avoidance of fearful facial expressions following early life stress is associated with impaired social functioning / Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1174-1182 Titre : Attentional avoidance of fearful facial expressions following early life stress is associated with impaired social functioning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Katharina KIRCANSKI, Auteur ; Natalie L. COLICH, Auteur ; Ian H. GOTLIB, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1174-1182 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Early life stress  attentional bias  fearful faces  social problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early life stress is associated with poorer social functioning. Attentional biases in response to threat-related cues, linked to both early experience and psychopathology, may explain this association. To date, however, no study has examined attentional biases to fearful facial expressions as a function of early life stress or examined these biases as a potential mediator of the relation between early life stress and social problems. Methods In a sample of 154 children (ages 9–13 years) we examined the associations among interpersonal early life stressors (i.e., birth through age 6 years), attentional biases to emotional facial expressions using a dot-probe task, and social functioning on the Child Behavior Checklist. Results High levels of early life stress were associated with both greater levels of social problems and an attentional bias away from fearful facial expressions, even after accounting for stressors occurring in later childhood. No biases were found for happy or sad facial expressions as a function of early life stress. Finally, attentional biases to fearful faces mediated the association between early life stress and social problems. Conclusions Attentional avoidance of fearful facial expressions, evidenced by a bias away from these stimuli, may be a developmental response to early adversity and link the experience of early life stress to poorer social functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12607 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Attentional avoidance of fearful facial expressions following early life stress is associated with impaired social functioning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kathryn L. HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Katharina KIRCANSKI, Auteur ; Natalie L. COLICH, Auteur ; Ian H. GOTLIB, Auteur . - p.1174-1182. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1174-1182 Mots-clés : Early life stress  attentional bias  fearful faces  social problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early life stress is associated with poorer social functioning. Attentional biases in response to threat-related cues, linked to both early experience and psychopathology, may explain this association. To date, however, no study has examined attentional biases to fearful facial expressions as a function of early life stress or examined these biases as a potential mediator of the relation between early life stress and social problems. Methods In a sample of 154 children (ages 9–13 years) we examined the associations among interpersonal early life stressors (i.e., birth through age 6 years), attentional biases to emotional facial expressions using a dot-probe task, and social functioning on the Child Behavior Checklist. Results High levels of early life stress were associated with both greater levels of social problems and an attentional bias away from fearful facial expressions, even after accounting for stressors occurring in later childhood. No biases were found for happy or sad facial expressions as a function of early life stress. Finally, attentional biases to fearful faces mediated the association between early life stress and social problems. Conclusions Attentional avoidance of fearful facial expressions, evidenced by a bias away from these stimuli, may be a developmental response to early adversity and link the experience of early life stress to poorer social functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12607 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Risk and resilience trajectories in war-exposed children across the first decade of life / Galit HALEVI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1183-1193 Titre : Risk and resilience trajectories in war-exposed children across the first decade of life Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Galit HALEVI, Auteur ; Amir DJALOVSKI, Auteur ; Adva VENGROBER, Auteur ; Ruth FELDMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1183-1193 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Trauma  early life stress  longitudinal studies  social engagement  childhood psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although the effects of early-onset trauma on susceptibility to psychopathology are well-acknowledged, no study to date has followed risk and resilience trajectories in war-exposed young children over lengthy periods and charted predictors of individual pathways. Method In this prospective longitudinal study, we followed 232 children, including 148 exposed to repeated wartime trauma and 84 controls, at three time points: early childhood (1.5–5 years), middle childhood (5–8 years), and late childhood (9–11 years). Children were diagnosed at each time point and four trajectories defined: children exhibiting no pathology at any time point, those displaying early pathology that later remitted, those showing initial resilience followed by late pathology, and children presenting chronic pathology across the entire first decade. Maternal behavioral containment during trauma evocation and child social engagement during free play were observed in early childhood and maternal emotional distress self-reported across time. Results War-exposed children showed significantly higher rates of psychopathology, with 81% exhibiting pathology at some point during childhood. In middle childhood, exposed children displayed more posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), and in late childhood more PTSD, conduct/oppositional defiant disorders, and ADHD. War-exposed children had more comorbid psychopathologies and number of comorbidities increased with age. Notably, war-exposure increased prevalence of chronic pathology by 24-fold. Maternal factors, including mother's uncontained style and emotional distress, increased risk for early and chronic psychopathology, whereas reduced child social engagement augmented risk for late pathology. Conclusions Early-onset chronic stress does not heal naturally, and its effects appear to exacerbate over time, with trauma-exposed children presenting a more comorbid, chronic, and externalizing profile as they grow older. Our findings demonstrate that responses to trauma are dynamic and variable and pinpoint age-specific effects of maternal and child factors on risk and resilience trajectories. Results highlight the importance of conducting long-term follow-up studies and constructing individually tailored early interventions following trauma exposure. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12622 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Risk and resilience trajectories in war-exposed children across the first decade of life [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Galit HALEVI, Auteur ; Amir DJALOVSKI, Auteur ; Adva VENGROBER, Auteur ; Ruth FELDMAN, Auteur . - p.1183-1193. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1183-1193 Mots-clés : Trauma  early life stress  longitudinal studies  social engagement  childhood psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although the effects of early-onset trauma on susceptibility to psychopathology are well-acknowledged, no study to date has followed risk and resilience trajectories in war-exposed young children over lengthy periods and charted predictors of individual pathways. Method In this prospective longitudinal study, we followed 232 children, including 148 exposed to repeated wartime trauma and 84 controls, at three time points: early childhood (1.5–5 years), middle childhood (5–8 years), and late childhood (9–11 years). Children were diagnosed at each time point and four trajectories defined: children exhibiting no pathology at any time point, those displaying early pathology that later remitted, those showing initial resilience followed by late pathology, and children presenting chronic pathology across the entire first decade. Maternal behavioral containment during trauma evocation and child social engagement during free play were observed in early childhood and maternal emotional distress self-reported across time. Results War-exposed children showed significantly higher rates of psychopathology, with 81% exhibiting pathology at some point during childhood. In middle childhood, exposed children displayed more posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), and in late childhood more PTSD, conduct/oppositional defiant disorders, and ADHD. War-exposed children had more comorbid psychopathologies and number of comorbidities increased with age. Notably, war-exposure increased prevalence of chronic pathology by 24-fold. Maternal factors, including mother's uncontained style and emotional distress, increased risk for early and chronic psychopathology, whereas reduced child social engagement augmented risk for late pathology. Conclusions Early-onset chronic stress does not heal naturally, and its effects appear to exacerbate over time, with trauma-exposed children presenting a more comorbid, chronic, and externalizing profile as they grow older. Our findings demonstrate that responses to trauma are dynamic and variable and pinpoint age-specific effects of maternal and child factors on risk and resilience trajectories. Results highlight the importance of conducting long-term follow-up studies and constructing individually tailored early interventions following trauma exposure. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12622 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Moderators of treatment response to trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy among youth in Zambia / Jeremy C. KANE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1194-1202 Titre : Moderators of treatment response to trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy among youth in Zambia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeremy C. KANE, Auteur ; Laura K. MURRAY, Auteur ; Judith A. COHEN, Auteur ; Shannon DORSEY, Auteur ; Stephanie SKAVENSKI VAN WYK, Auteur ; Jennica GALLOWAY HENDERSON, Auteur ; Mwiya IMASIKU, Auteur ; John MAYEYA, Auteur ; Paul BOLTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1194-1202 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Posttraumatic stress disorder  orphans and vulnerable children  Zambia  trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy  moderation analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The effectiveness of mental health interventions such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) may vary by client, caregiver, and intervention-level variables, but few randomized trials in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have conducted moderation analyses to investigate these characteristics. This study explores moderating factors to TF-CBT treatment response among a sample of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Zambia. Methods Data were obtained from a completed randomized trial of TF-CBT among 257 OVC in Zambia. Trauma symptoms and functioning were measured at baseline and following the end of treatment. Mixed effects regression models were estimated for each moderator of interest: gender, age, number of trauma types experienced, history of sexual abuse, orphan status, primary caretaker, school status, and parental involvement in treatment. Results Treatment effectiveness was moderated by history of sexual abuse with greater reductions in both outcomes (trauma, p < .05; functioning, p < .01) for those that experienced sexual abuse. Primary caretaker was also a moderator with greater trauma reductions in those who identified their mother as the primary caretaker (p < .01), and better functioning in those that identified their father as the primary caretaker (p < .05). Nonorphans and single orphans (mother alive) showed greater reduction in functional impairment (p < .01) compared with double orphans. There was no significant moderator effect found by gender, age, number of trauma types, school status, or caregiver participation in treatment. Conclusions This study suggests that TF-CBT was effective in reducing trauma symptoms and functional impairment among trauma-affected youth overall and that it may be particularly effective for survivors of child sexual abuse and children whose primary caretaker is a biological parent. Scale-up of TF-CBT is warranted given the wide range of effectiveness and prevalence of child sexual abuse. Future randomized trials of interventions in LMIC should power for moderation analyses in the study design phase when feasible. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12623 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Moderators of treatment response to trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy among youth in Zambia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeremy C. KANE, Auteur ; Laura K. MURRAY, Auteur ; Judith A. COHEN, Auteur ; Shannon DORSEY, Auteur ; Stephanie SKAVENSKI VAN WYK, Auteur ; Jennica GALLOWAY HENDERSON, Auteur ; Mwiya IMASIKU, Auteur ; John MAYEYA, Auteur ; Paul BOLTON, Auteur . - p.1194-1202. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1194-1202 Mots-clés : Posttraumatic stress disorder  orphans and vulnerable children  Zambia  trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy  moderation analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The effectiveness of mental health interventions such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) may vary by client, caregiver, and intervention-level variables, but few randomized trials in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have conducted moderation analyses to investigate these characteristics. This study explores moderating factors to TF-CBT treatment response among a sample of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Zambia. Methods Data were obtained from a completed randomized trial of TF-CBT among 257 OVC in Zambia. Trauma symptoms and functioning were measured at baseline and following the end of treatment. Mixed effects regression models were estimated for each moderator of interest: gender, age, number of trauma types experienced, history of sexual abuse, orphan status, primary caretaker, school status, and parental involvement in treatment. Results Treatment effectiveness was moderated by history of sexual abuse with greater reductions in both outcomes (trauma, p < .05; functioning, p < .01) for those that experienced sexual abuse. Primary caretaker was also a moderator with greater trauma reductions in those who identified their mother as the primary caretaker (p < .01), and better functioning in those that identified their father as the primary caretaker (p < .05). Nonorphans and single orphans (mother alive) showed greater reduction in functional impairment (p < .01) compared with double orphans. There was no significant moderator effect found by gender, age, number of trauma types, school status, or caregiver participation in treatment. Conclusions This study suggests that TF-CBT was effective in reducing trauma symptoms and functional impairment among trauma-affected youth overall and that it may be particularly effective for survivors of child sexual abuse and children whose primary caretaker is a biological parent. Scale-up of TF-CBT is warranted given the wide range of effectiveness and prevalence of child sexual abuse. Future randomized trials of interventions in LMIC should power for moderation analyses in the study design phase when feasible. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12623 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295