Autistic traits in the general population do not correlate with a preference for associative information / Judith GORIS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 33 (January 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 33 (January 2017) . - p.29-38 Titre : Autistic traits in the general population do not correlate with a preference for associative information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Sabrina TRAPP, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.29-38 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum  Preference  Associative information  Predictive  Sameness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Associations and regularities in our environment can foster expectations and thereby help create a perceptually predictable world (e.g., a knife next to a plate predicts with high certainty a fork on the other side). Based on several observations, it has been suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an above average tendency to prefer well-organized information or structured environments. Surprisingly, however, this tendency has not yet been tested under controlled experimental conditions. A recent study suggested that neurotypical adults prefer associative information, regardless of their semantic content. Therefore, in this study, we examined the relation of this preference bias to the scores of 123 neurotypical adults on questionnaires that measure autistic traits, known to co-vary with typical autism spectrum characteristics. Participants were presented with different configurations of meaningless abstract shapes. Some shapes were always presented in the exact same fixed configuration, and other shapes were always presented in different random configurations. In an unannounced subsequent evaluation task, participants were required to indicate which shapes they preferred. Results We replicate the observation that people exhibit a general preference for shapes that were presented in fixed configurations. However, there were no correlations between autistic traits and this general preference. Our findings suggest the preference for associative information in ASD might be less general than first thought, or restricted to more complex (social) situations or other levels of information processing. We outline specific guidelines for future systematic investigations into the hypothesized increased preference for associative information in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Autistic traits in the general population do not correlate with a preference for associative information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Sabrina TRAPP, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur . - p.29-38. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 33 (January 2017) . - p.29-38 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum  Preference  Associative information  Predictive  Sameness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Associations and regularities in our environment can foster expectations and thereby help create a perceptually predictable world (e.g., a knife next to a plate predicts with high certainty a fork on the other side). Based on several observations, it has been suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an above average tendency to prefer well-organized information or structured environments. Surprisingly, however, this tendency has not yet been tested under controlled experimental conditions. A recent study suggested that neurotypical adults prefer associative information, regardless of their semantic content. Therefore, in this study, we examined the relation of this preference bias to the scores of 123 neurotypical adults on questionnaires that measure autistic traits, known to co-vary with typical autism spectrum characteristics. Participants were presented with different configurations of meaningless abstract shapes. Some shapes were always presented in the exact same fixed configuration, and other shapes were always presented in different random configurations. In an unannounced subsequent evaluation task, participants were required to indicate which shapes they preferred. Results We replicate the observation that people exhibit a general preference for shapes that were presented in fixed configurations. However, there were no correlations between autistic traits and this general preference. Our findings suggest the preference for associative information in ASD might be less general than first thought, or restricted to more complex (social) situations or other levels of information processing. We outline specific guidelines for future systematic investigations into the hypothesized increased preference for associative information in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Disentangling Neural Sources of the Motor Interference Effect in High Functioning Autism: An EEG-Study / Eliane DESCHRIJVER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-3 (March 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-3 (March 2017) . - p.690-700 Titre : Disentangling Neural Sources of the Motor Interference Effect in High Functioning Autism: An EEG-Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.690-700 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Imitation  N190  P3  Readiness potential  Self-other distinction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The role of imitation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is controversial. Researchers have argued that deficient control of self- and other-related motor representations (self-other distinction) might explain imitation difficulties. In a recent EEG study, we showed that control of imitation relies on high-level as well as on low-level cognitive processes. Here, we aimed to further our insights into control of imitation deficits in ASD. We focused on congruency effects in the P3 (high-level), the N190 and the readiness potential (RP; low-level). We predicted smaller congruency effects within the P3 in the ASD group. However, we found differences in the RP and not in the P3-component. Thus, high-level self-other distinction centred on motor actions may be preserved in ASD, while impairments are reflected during motor preparation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2991-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304 [article] Disentangling Neural Sources of the Motor Interference Effect in High Functioning Autism: An EEG-Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur . - p.690-700. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-3 (March 2017) . - p.690-700 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Imitation  N190  P3  Readiness potential  Self-other distinction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The role of imitation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is controversial. Researchers have argued that deficient control of self- and other-related motor representations (self-other distinction) might explain imitation difficulties. In a recent EEG study, we showed that control of imitation relies on high-level as well as on low-level cognitive processes. Here, we aimed to further our insights into control of imitation deficits in ASD. We focused on congruency effects in the P3 (high-level), the N190 and the readiness potential (RP; low-level). We predicted smaller congruency effects within the P3 in the ASD group. However, we found differences in the RP and not in the P3-component. Thus, high-level self-other distinction centred on motor actions may be preserved in ASD, while impairments are reflected during motor preparation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2991-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304

The effect of being imitated on empathy for pain in adults with high-functioning autism: Disturbed self-other distinction leads to altered empathic responding / L. DE COSTER in Autism, 22-6 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-6 (August 2018) . - p.712-727 Titre : The effect of being imitated on empathy for pain in adults with high-functioning autism: Disturbed self-other distinction leads to altered empathic responding Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. DE COSTER, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.712-727 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  empathy for pain  imitation  psychophysiology  self-other distinction  social cognition and social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with problems in empathy. Recent research suggests that impaired control over self-other overlap based on motor representations in individuals with autism spectrum disorder might underlie these difficulties. In order to investigate the relationship of self-other distinction and empathy for pain in high-functioning autism and matched controls, we manipulated self-other distinction by using a paradigm in which participants are either imitated or not by a hand on a computer screen. A strong pain stimulus is then inflicted on the observed hand. Behavioral and physiological results in this study showed that overall affective responses while watching pain movies were the same in adults with high-functioning autism as in controls. Furthermore, controls showed higher affective responding after being imitated during the whole experiment, replicating previous studies. Adults with high-functioning autism, however, showed increased empathic responses over time after being imitated. Further exploratory analyses suggested that while affective responding was initially lower after being imitated compared to not being imitated, affective responding in the latter part of the experiment was higher after being imitated. These results shed new light on empathic abilities in high-functioning autism and on the role of control over self-other representational sharing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317701268 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=366 [article] The effect of being imitated on empathy for pain in adults with high-functioning autism: Disturbed self-other distinction leads to altered empathic responding [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. DE COSTER, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Eliane DESCHRIJVER, Auteur ; Marcel BRASS, Auteur . - p.712-727. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-6 (August 2018) . - p.712-727 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  empathy for pain  imitation  psychophysiology  self-other distinction  social cognition and social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with problems in empathy. Recent research suggests that impaired control over self-other overlap based on motor representations in individuals with autism spectrum disorder might underlie these difficulties. In order to investigate the relationship of self-other distinction and empathy for pain in high-functioning autism and matched controls, we manipulated self-other distinction by using a paradigm in which participants are either imitated or not by a hand on a computer screen. A strong pain stimulus is then inflicted on the observed hand. Behavioral and physiological results in this study showed that overall affective responses while watching pain movies were the same in adults with high-functioning autism as in controls. Furthermore, controls showed higher affective responding after being imitated during the whole experiment, replicating previous studies. Adults with high-functioning autism, however, showed increased empathic responses over time after being imitated. Further exploratory analyses suggested that while affective responding was initially lower after being imitated compared to not being imitated, affective responding in the latter part of the experiment was higher after being imitated. These results shed new light on empathic abilities in high-functioning autism and on the role of control over self-other representational sharing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317701268 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=366

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