Long-term associations between early attachment and parenting and adolescent susceptibility to post-traumatic distress in a South African high-risk sample / Sarah L. HALLIGAN ; Rachel HILLER ; Sarah SKEEN ; Mark TOMLINSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-7 (July 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-7 (July 2024) . - p.921-931 Titre : Long-term associations between early attachment and parenting and adolescent susceptibility to post-traumatic distress in a South African high-risk sample Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur ; Rachel HILLER, Auteur ; Sarah SKEEN, Auteur ; Mark TOMLINSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.921-931 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It has been proposed that children and young people living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not only exposed more frequently to trauma but also have a higher likelihood of encountering traumas of greater severity than those living in high-income countries (HICs). This may lead to higher rates of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, developmental pathways to risk or resilience after trauma exposure in LMICs are underresearched. Methods We examined early parenting and attachment as potentially important formative factors for later stress reactivity in a longitudinal cohort of South African children (N = 449). Parenting and attachment were assessed at child age 18?months, and interpersonal trauma exposure, PTSS and parenting stress were measured at 13?years (N = 333; core sample with data on all measures: N = 213). Following a vulnerability-stress approach, separate regression models were run to investigate whether parent-child attachment at 18?months, parental sensitivity and intrusiveness during play at 12?months, and current parenting stress at 13?years, interacted with adolescents' extent of interpersonal trauma exposure to predict their PTSS levels at 13?years. Results We found no predictive effects of either early attachment or current parenting stress in relation to child PTSS. There was some evidence for predictive influences of parental early intrusiveness and sensitivity on adolescent outcomes, though associations were unexpectedly positive for the latter. No interaction effects supporting a vulnerability-stress model were found. Conclusions Overall, we found limited evidence that elements of the early parent-child environment predict child risk/resilience to trauma in LMIC children. Future studies should include more frequent assessments of relevant constructs to capture changes over time and consider further what comprises adaptive parenting in high-risk contexts. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13930 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=532 [article] Long-term associations between early attachment and parenting and adolescent susceptibility to post-traumatic distress in a South African high-risk sample [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur ; Rachel HILLER, Auteur ; Sarah SKEEN, Auteur ; Mark TOMLINSON, Auteur . - p.921-931. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-7 (July 2024) . - p.921-931 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It has been proposed that children and young people living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not only exposed more frequently to trauma but also have a higher likelihood of encountering traumas of greater severity than those living in high-income countries (HICs). This may lead to higher rates of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, developmental pathways to risk or resilience after trauma exposure in LMICs are underresearched. Methods We examined early parenting and attachment as potentially important formative factors for later stress reactivity in a longitudinal cohort of South African children (N = 449). Parenting and attachment were assessed at child age 18?months, and interpersonal trauma exposure, PTSS and parenting stress were measured at 13?years (N = 333; core sample with data on all measures: N = 213). Following a vulnerability-stress approach, separate regression models were run to investigate whether parent-child attachment at 18?months, parental sensitivity and intrusiveness during play at 12?months, and current parenting stress at 13?years, interacted with adolescents' extent of interpersonal trauma exposure to predict their PTSS levels at 13?years. Results We found no predictive effects of either early attachment or current parenting stress in relation to child PTSS. There was some evidence for predictive influences of parental early intrusiveness and sensitivity on adolescent outcomes, though associations were unexpectedly positive for the latter. No interaction effects supporting a vulnerability-stress model were found. Conclusions Overall, we found limited evidence that elements of the early parent-child environment predict child risk/resilience to trauma in LMIC children. Future studies should include more frequent assessments of relevant constructs to capture changes over time and consider further what comprises adaptive parenting in high-risk contexts. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13930 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=532

Poverty, early care, and stress reactivity in adolescence: Findings from a prospective, longitudinal study in South Africa / Richard M. PASCO FEARON in Development and Psychopathology, 29-2 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-2 (May 2017) . - p.449-464 Titre : Poverty, early care, and stress reactivity in adolescence: Findings from a prospective, longitudinal study in South Africa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Mark TOMLINSON, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Sarah SKEEN, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Peter J. COOPER, Auteur ; Barak MORGAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.449-464 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A considerable body of evidence suggests that early caregiving may affect the short-term functioning and longer term development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis. Despite this, most research to date has been cross-sectional in nature or restricted to relatively short-term longitudinal follow-ups. More important, there is a paucity of research on the role of caregiving in low- and middle-income countries, where the protective effects of high-quality care in buffering the child's developing stress regulation systems may be crucial. In this paper, we report findings from a longitudinal study (N = 232) conducted in an impoverished periurban settlement in Cape Town, South Africa. We measured caregiving sensitivity and security of attachment in infancy and followed children up at age 13 years, when we conducted assessments of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenocortical axis reactivity, as indexed by salivary cortisol during the Trier Social Stress Test. The findings indicated that insecure attachment was predictive of reduced cortisol responses to social stress, particularly in boys, and that attachment status moderated the impact of contextual adversity on stress responses: secure children in highly adverse circumstances did not show the blunted cortisol response shown by their insecure counterparts. Some evidence was found that sensitivity of care in infancy was also associated with cortisol reactivity, but in this case, insensitivity was associated with heightened cortisol reactivity, and only for girls. The discussion focuses on the potentially important role of caregiving in the long-term calibration of the stress system and the need to better understand the social and biological mechanisms shaping the stress response across development in low- and middle-income countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305 [article] Poverty, early care, and stress reactivity in adolescence: Findings from a prospective, longitudinal study in South Africa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Mark TOMLINSON, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Sarah SKEEN, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Peter J. COOPER, Auteur ; Barak MORGAN, Auteur . - p.449-464. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-2 (May 2017) . - p.449-464 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A considerable body of evidence suggests that early caregiving may affect the short-term functioning and longer term development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis. Despite this, most research to date has been cross-sectional in nature or restricted to relatively short-term longitudinal follow-ups. More important, there is a paucity of research on the role of caregiving in low- and middle-income countries, where the protective effects of high-quality care in buffering the child's developing stress regulation systems may be crucial. In this paper, we report findings from a longitudinal study (N = 232) conducted in an impoverished periurban settlement in Cape Town, South Africa. We measured caregiving sensitivity and security of attachment in infancy and followed children up at age 13 years, when we conducted assessments of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenocortical axis reactivity, as indexed by salivary cortisol during the Trier Social Stress Test. The findings indicated that insecure attachment was predictive of reduced cortisol responses to social stress, particularly in boys, and that attachment status moderated the impact of contextual adversity on stress responses: secure children in highly adverse circumstances did not show the blunted cortisol response shown by their insecure counterparts. Some evidence was found that sensitivity of care in infancy was also associated with cortisol reactivity, but in this case, insensitivity was associated with heightened cortisol reactivity, and only for girls. The discussion focuses on the potentially important role of caregiving in the long-term calibration of the stress system and the need to better understand the social and biological mechanisms shaping the stress response across development in low- and middle-income countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305

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