Callous–unemotional behaviors in early childhood: Genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change / Megan FLOM in Development and Psychopathology, 29-4 (October 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-4 (October 2017) . - p.1227-1234 Titre : Callous–unemotional behaviors in early childhood: Genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Megan FLOM, Auteur ; Kimberly J. SAUDINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1227-1234 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Callous–unemotional (CU) behaviors demonstrate meaningful individual differences in early childhood, even in nonclinical samples with low mean levels of CU, but the factors underlying this variation have not been examined. This study investigated genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences and to sources of continuity and change in CU in toddler twins (145 monozygotic, 169 dizygotic) assessed at ages 2 and 3 years. CU, as assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5 (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000), was moderately stable across age (r = .45, p < .0001). Longitudinal biometric analyses revealed genetic and nonshared environmental influences on CU at both ages, with no significant contribution from shared environmental factors. Stability from age 2 to 3 was due to genetic factors, whereas change was due to both genetic and nonshared environmental influences. This genetic and nonshared environmental change was substantial, suggesting malleability of CU in early childhood. Over 50% of the genetic influences and 100% of the nonshared environmental influences on CU at age 3 were independent of those that operated at age 2. Implications of novel sources of variance across age are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001267 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=312 [article] Callous–unemotional behaviors in early childhood: Genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Megan FLOM, Auteur ; Kimberly J. SAUDINO, Auteur . - p.1227-1234. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-4 (October 2017) . - p.1227-1234 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Callous–unemotional (CU) behaviors demonstrate meaningful individual differences in early childhood, even in nonclinical samples with low mean levels of CU, but the factors underlying this variation have not been examined. This study investigated genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences and to sources of continuity and change in CU in toddler twins (145 monozygotic, 169 dizygotic) assessed at ages 2 and 3 years. CU, as assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5 (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000), was moderately stable across age (r = .45, p < .0001). Longitudinal biometric analyses revealed genetic and nonshared environmental influences on CU at both ages, with no significant contribution from shared environmental factors. Stability from age 2 to 3 was due to genetic factors, whereas change was due to both genetic and nonshared environmental influences. This genetic and nonshared environmental change was substantial, suggesting malleability of CU in early childhood. Over 50% of the genetic influences and 100% of the nonshared environmental influences on CU at age 3 were independent of those that operated at age 2. Implications of novel sources of variance across age are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001267 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=312

Less imitation of arbitrary actions is a specific developmental precursor to callous-unemotional traits in early childhood / Nicholas J. WAGNER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-7 (July 2020) . - p.818-825 Titre : Less imitation of arbitrary actions is a specific developmental precursor to callous-unemotional traits in early childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur ; Rebecca WALLER, Auteur ; Megan FLOM, Auteur ; Samuel RONFARD, Auteur ; Susan FENSTERMACHER, Auteur ; Kimberly J. SAUDINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.818-825 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Behavior problems  callous-unemotional traits  developmental psychopathology  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in early childhood explain heterogeneity within conduct problems and are associated with higher risk for later diagnoses of childhood disruptive behavior disorders and antisocial behavior in adulthood. Emerging research implicates impairments in affiliative processes in the etiology of CU traits. The current study tests whether the imitation of intentional actions with no functional significance -a behavior that supports the acquisition of social conventions and affiliative bonds, is a specific developmental precursor to CU traits in early childhood. METHODS: Data came from a longitudinal twin study of 628 children (Age 2: 47% females; Age 3: 44.9% females) with observations of arbitrary (i.e., nonfunctional actions) and instrumental (i.e., functional actions) imitation and parent reports of CU traits and oppositional defiant (ODD) behaviors at ages 2 and 3. RESULTS: Lower arbitrary imitation at age 2, but not instrumental imitation, was related to increases in CU traits from ages 2 to 3 (? = -.10, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: These findings establish early social and affiliative processes in the etiology of CU traits, highlighting that novel personalized treatment and intervention strategies for CU traits may benefit from targeting these processes to help reduce CU traits and risk for persistent conduct problems in children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13182 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Less imitation of arbitrary actions is a specific developmental precursor to callous-unemotional traits in early childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur ; Rebecca WALLER, Auteur ; Megan FLOM, Auteur ; Samuel RONFARD, Auteur ; Susan FENSTERMACHER, Auteur ; Kimberly J. SAUDINO, Auteur . - p.818-825. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-7 (July 2020) . - p.818-825 Mots-clés : Behavior problems  callous-unemotional traits  developmental psychopathology  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in early childhood explain heterogeneity within conduct problems and are associated with higher risk for later diagnoses of childhood disruptive behavior disorders and antisocial behavior in adulthood. Emerging research implicates impairments in affiliative processes in the etiology of CU traits. The current study tests whether the imitation of intentional actions with no functional significance -a behavior that supports the acquisition of social conventions and affiliative bonds, is a specific developmental precursor to CU traits in early childhood. METHODS: Data came from a longitudinal twin study of 628 children (Age 2: 47% females; Age 3: 44.9% females) with observations of arbitrary (i.e., nonfunctional actions) and instrumental (i.e., functional actions) imitation and parent reports of CU traits and oppositional defiant (ODD) behaviors at ages 2 and 3. RESULTS: Lower arbitrary imitation at age 2, but not instrumental imitation, was related to increases in CU traits from ages 2 to 3 (? = -.10, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: These findings establish early social and affiliative processes in the etiology of CU traits, highlighting that novel personalized treatment and intervention strategies for CU traits may benefit from targeting these processes to help reduce CU traits and risk for persistent conduct problems in children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13182 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Tipping points? Curvilinear associations between activity level and mental development in toddlers / Megan FLOM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.564-572 Titre : Tipping points? Curvilinear associations between activity level and mental development in toddlers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Megan FLOM, Auteur ; Madeleine COHEN, Auteur ; Kimberly J. SAUDINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.564-572 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Activity level  early childhood  curvilinear  mental development  optimal stimulation model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The Theory of Optimal Stimulation (Zentall & Zentall, Psychological Bulletin, 94, 1983, 446) posits that the relation between activity level (AL) and cognitive performance follows an inverted U shape where midrange AL predicts better cognitive performance than AL at the extremes. Methods We explored this by fitting linear and quadratic models predicting mental development from AL assessed via multiple methods (parent ratings, observations, and actigraphs) and across multiple situations (laboratory play, laboratory test, home) in over 600 twins (2- and 3-year olds). Results Only observed AL in the laboratory was curvilinearly related to mental development scores. Results replicated across situations, age, and twin samples, providing strong support for the optimal stimulation model for this measure of AL in early childhood. Conclusions Different measures of AL provide different information. Observations of AL which include both qualitative and quantitative aspects of AL within structured situations are able to capture beneficial aspects of normative AL as well as detriments of both low and high AL. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12670 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306 [article] Tipping points? Curvilinear associations between activity level and mental development in toddlers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Megan FLOM, Auteur ; Madeleine COHEN, Auteur ; Kimberly J. SAUDINO, Auteur . - p.564-572. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.564-572 Mots-clés : Activity level  early childhood  curvilinear  mental development  optimal stimulation model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The Theory of Optimal Stimulation (Zentall & Zentall, Psychological Bulletin, 94, 1983, 446) posits that the relation between activity level (AL) and cognitive performance follows an inverted U shape where midrange AL predicts better cognitive performance than AL at the extremes. Methods We explored this by fitting linear and quadratic models predicting mental development from AL assessed via multiple methods (parent ratings, observations, and actigraphs) and across multiple situations (laboratory play, laboratory test, home) in over 600 twins (2- and 3-year olds). Results Only observed AL in the laboratory was curvilinearly related to mental development scores. Results replicated across situations, age, and twin samples, providing strong support for the optimal stimulation model for this measure of AL in early childhood. Conclusions Different measures of AL provide different information. Observations of AL which include both qualitative and quantitative aspects of AL within structured situations are able to capture beneficial aspects of normative AL as well as detriments of both low and high AL. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12670 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306

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