Childhood adversity is associated with reduced threat-safety discrimination and increased fear generalization in 12- to 16-year-olds / Aleksandra LECEI ; Maarten JACKERS ; Lise JENNEN ; Koen SCHRUERS ; Bram VERVLIET ; Bart BOETS ; Ruud VAN WINKEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66-6 (June 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-6 (June 2025) . - p.821-833 Titre : Childhood adversity is associated with reduced threat-safety discrimination and increased fear generalization in 12- to 16-year-olds Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aleksandra LECEI, Auteur ; Maarten JACKERS, Auteur ; Lise JENNEN, Auteur ; Koen SCHRUERS, Auteur ; Bram VERVLIET, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.821-833 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood adversity  fear conditioning  fear generalization  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood adversity poses a major transdiagnostic risk for a host of psychiatric disorders. Altered threat-related information processing has been put forward as a potential process underlying the association between childhood adversity and psychiatric disorders, with previous research providing support for decreased discrimination between threat and safety cues, in both children and adults exposed to adversity. This altered threat-safety discrimination has been hypothesized to stem from increased generalization of fear, yet to date, this hypothesis has not been tested in youth. Methods Here, we investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with fear generalization during adolescence. 119 adolescents between 12 and 16?years of age (mean?=?13.95), of whom 63 exposed to childhood adversity, completed a fear generalization paradigm. Fear conditioning was assessed through trial-by-trial US expectancy ratings and post-experimental ratings of fear, valence and arousal. Additionally, we administered a perceptual discrimination task to assess the potential impact of perceptual discrimination abilities upon fear generalization. Results In line with our hypotheses, results showed that childhood adversity is associated with (1) reduced threat-safety differentiation during fear acquisition and (2) increased fear generalization in both boys and girls, albeit to a different extent, as boys showed more generalization towards safety cues while girls showed more generalization towards dangerous cues. Moreover, this overgeneralization of fear could not be attributed to group differences in perceptual discrimination. Conclusions Altered fear learning may be an important process through which adversity increases risk for the development of psychopathology. Longitudinal research is essential to elucidate risk and resilience patterns following childhood adversity. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14092 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556 [article] Childhood adversity is associated with reduced threat-safety discrimination and increased fear generalization in 12- to 16-year-olds [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aleksandra LECEI, Auteur ; Maarten JACKERS, Auteur ; Lise JENNEN, Auteur ; Koen SCHRUERS, Auteur ; Bram VERVLIET, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur . - p.821-833. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-6 (June 2025) . - p.821-833 Mots-clés : Childhood adversity  fear conditioning  fear generalization  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood adversity poses a major transdiagnostic risk for a host of psychiatric disorders. Altered threat-related information processing has been put forward as a potential process underlying the association between childhood adversity and psychiatric disorders, with previous research providing support for decreased discrimination between threat and safety cues, in both children and adults exposed to adversity. This altered threat-safety discrimination has been hypothesized to stem from increased generalization of fear, yet to date, this hypothesis has not been tested in youth. Methods Here, we investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with fear generalization during adolescence. 119 adolescents between 12 and 16?years of age (mean?=?13.95), of whom 63 exposed to childhood adversity, completed a fear generalization paradigm. Fear conditioning was assessed through trial-by-trial US expectancy ratings and post-experimental ratings of fear, valence and arousal. Additionally, we administered a perceptual discrimination task to assess the potential impact of perceptual discrimination abilities upon fear generalization. Results In line with our hypotheses, results showed that childhood adversity is associated with (1) reduced threat-safety differentiation during fear acquisition and (2) increased fear generalization in both boys and girls, albeit to a different extent, as boys showed more generalization towards safety cues while girls showed more generalization towards dangerous cues. Moreover, this overgeneralization of fear could not be attributed to group differences in perceptual discrimination. Conclusions Altered fear learning may be an important process through which adversity increases risk for the development of psychopathology. Longitudinal research is essential to elucidate risk and resilience patterns following childhood adversity. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14092 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556

Gene-based interaction analysis shows GABAergic genes interacting with parenting in adolescent depressive symptoms / Evelien VAN ASSCHE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-12 (December 2017) . - p.1301-1309 Titre : Gene-based interaction analysis shows GABAergic genes interacting with parenting in adolescent depressive symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Evelien VAN ASSCHE, Auteur ; Tim MOONS, Auteur ; Ozan CINAR, Auteur ; Wolfgang VIECHTBAUER, Auteur ; Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur ; Karla VAN LEEUWEN, Auteur ; Karine VERSCHUEREN, Auteur ; Hilde COLPIN, Auteur ; Diether LAMBRECHTS, Auteur ; Wim VAN DEN NOORTGATE, Auteur ; Luc GOOSSENS, Auteur ; Stephan CLAES, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1301-1309 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gene–environment interaction  polygenic  parenting  gene-based testing  adolescents  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Most gene-environment interaction studies (G × E) have focused on single candidate genes. This approach is criticized for its expectations of large effect sizes and occurrence of spurious results. We describe an approach that accounts for the polygenic nature of most psychiatric phenotypes and reduces the risk of false-positive findings. We apply this method focusing on the role of perceived parental support, psychological control, and harsh punishment in depressive symptoms in adolescence. Methods Analyses were conducted on 982 adolescents of Caucasian origin (Mage (SD) = 13.78 (.94) years) genotyped for 4,947 SNPs in 263 genes, selected based on a literature survey. The Leuven Adolescent Perceived Parenting Scale (LAPPS) and the Parental Behavior Scale (PBS) were used to assess perceived parental psychological control, harsh punishment, and support. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was the outcome. We used gene-based testing taking into account linkage disequilibrium to identify genes containing SNPs exhibiting an interaction with environmental factors yielding a p-value per single gene. Significant results at the corrected p-value of p < 1.90 × 10?4 were examined in an independent replication sample of Dutch adolescents (N = 1354). Results Two genes showed evidence for interaction with perceived support: GABRR1 (p = 4.62 × 10?5) and GABRR2 (p = 9.05 × 10?6). No genes interacted significantly with psychological control or harsh punishment. Gene-based analysis was unable to confirm the interaction of GABRR1 or GABRR2 with support in the replication sample. However, for GABRR2, but not GABRR1, the correlation of the estimates between the two datasets was significant (r (46) = .32; p = .027) and a gene-based analysis of the combined datasets supported GABRR2 × support interaction (p = 1.63 × 10?4). Conclusions We present a gene-based method for gene–environment interactions in a polygenic context and show that genes interact differently with particular aspects of parenting. This accentuates the importance of polygenic approaches and the need to accurately assess environmental exposure in G × E. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12766 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Gene-based interaction analysis shows GABAergic genes interacting with parenting in adolescent depressive symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Evelien VAN ASSCHE, Auteur ; Tim MOONS, Auteur ; Ozan CINAR, Auteur ; Wolfgang VIECHTBAUER, Auteur ; Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur ; Karla VAN LEEUWEN, Auteur ; Karine VERSCHUEREN, Auteur ; Hilde COLPIN, Auteur ; Diether LAMBRECHTS, Auteur ; Wim VAN DEN NOORTGATE, Auteur ; Luc GOOSSENS, Auteur ; Stephan CLAES, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur . - p.1301-1309. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-12 (December 2017) . - p.1301-1309 Mots-clés : Gene–environment interaction  polygenic  parenting  gene-based testing  adolescents  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Most gene-environment interaction studies (G × E) have focused on single candidate genes. This approach is criticized for its expectations of large effect sizes and occurrence of spurious results. We describe an approach that accounts for the polygenic nature of most psychiatric phenotypes and reduces the risk of false-positive findings. We apply this method focusing on the role of perceived parental support, psychological control, and harsh punishment in depressive symptoms in adolescence. Methods Analyses were conducted on 982 adolescents of Caucasian origin (Mage (SD) = 13.78 (.94) years) genotyped for 4,947 SNPs in 263 genes, selected based on a literature survey. The Leuven Adolescent Perceived Parenting Scale (LAPPS) and the Parental Behavior Scale (PBS) were used to assess perceived parental psychological control, harsh punishment, and support. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was the outcome. We used gene-based testing taking into account linkage disequilibrium to identify genes containing SNPs exhibiting an interaction with environmental factors yielding a p-value per single gene. Significant results at the corrected p-value of p < 1.90 × 10?4 were examined in an independent replication sample of Dutch adolescents (N = 1354). Results Two genes showed evidence for interaction with perceived support: GABRR1 (p = 4.62 × 10?5) and GABRR2 (p = 9.05 × 10?6). No genes interacted significantly with psychological control or harsh punishment. Gene-based analysis was unable to confirm the interaction of GABRR1 or GABRR2 with support in the replication sample. However, for GABRR2, but not GABRR1, the correlation of the estimates between the two datasets was significant (r (46) = .32; p = .027) and a gene-based analysis of the combined datasets supported GABRR2 × support interaction (p = 1.63 × 10?4). Conclusions We present a gene-based method for gene–environment interactions in a polygenic context and show that genes interact differently with particular aspects of parenting. This accentuates the importance of polygenic approaches and the need to accurately assess environmental exposure in G × E. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12766 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

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