Childhood adversity is associated with reduced threat-safety discrimination and increased fear generalization in 12- to 16-year-olds / Aleksandra LECEI ; Maarten JACKERS ; Lise JENNEN ; Koen SCHRUERS ; Bram VERVLIET ; Bart BOETS ; Ruud VAN WINKEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66-6 (June 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-6 (June 2025) . - p.821-833 Titre : Childhood adversity is associated with reduced threat-safety discrimination and increased fear generalization in 12- to 16-year-olds Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Aleksandra LECEI, Auteur ; Maarten JACKERS, Auteur ; Lise JENNEN, Auteur ; Koen SCHRUERS, Auteur ; Bram VERVLIET, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.821-833 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood adversity  fear conditioning  fear generalization  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood adversity poses a major transdiagnostic risk for a host of psychiatric disorders. Altered threat-related information processing has been put forward as a potential process underlying the association between childhood adversity and psychiatric disorders, with previous research providing support for decreased discrimination between threat and safety cues, in both children and adults exposed to adversity. This altered threat-safety discrimination has been hypothesized to stem from increased generalization of fear, yet to date, this hypothesis has not been tested in youth. Methods Here, we investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with fear generalization during adolescence. 119 adolescents between 12 and 16 years of age (mean 13.95), of whom 63 exposed to childhood adversity, completed a fear generalization paradigm. Fear conditioning was assessed through trial-by-trial US expectancy ratings and post-experimental ratings of fear, valence and arousal. Additionally, we administered a perceptual discrimination task to assess the potential impact of perceptual discrimination abilities upon fear generalization. Results In line with our hypotheses, results showed that childhood adversity is associated with (1) reduced threat-safety differentiation during fear acquisition and (2) increased fear generalization in both boys and girls, albeit to a different extent, as boys showed more generalization towards safety cues while girls showed more generalization towards dangerous cues. Moreover, this overgeneralization of fear could not be attributed to group differences in perceptual discrimination. Conclusions Altered fear learning may be an important process through which adversity increases risk for the development of psychopathology. Longitudinal research is essential to elucidate risk and resilience patterns following childhood adversity. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14092 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556 [article] Childhood adversity is associated with reduced threat-safety discrimination and increased fear generalization in 12- to 16-year-olds [texte imprimé] / Aleksandra LECEI, Auteur ; Maarten JACKERS, Auteur ; Lise JENNEN, Auteur ; Koen SCHRUERS, Auteur ; Bram VERVLIET, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur . - p.821-833. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-6 (June 2025) . - p.821-833 Mots-clés : Childhood adversity  fear conditioning  fear generalization  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood adversity poses a major transdiagnostic risk for a host of psychiatric disorders. Altered threat-related information processing has been put forward as a potential process underlying the association between childhood adversity and psychiatric disorders, with previous research providing support for decreased discrimination between threat and safety cues, in both children and adults exposed to adversity. This altered threat-safety discrimination has been hypothesized to stem from increased generalization of fear, yet to date, this hypothesis has not been tested in youth. Methods Here, we investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with fear generalization during adolescence. 119 adolescents between 12 and 16 years of age (mean 13.95), of whom 63 exposed to childhood adversity, completed a fear generalization paradigm. Fear conditioning was assessed through trial-by-trial US expectancy ratings and post-experimental ratings of fear, valence and arousal. Additionally, we administered a perceptual discrimination task to assess the potential impact of perceptual discrimination abilities upon fear generalization. Results In line with our hypotheses, results showed that childhood adversity is associated with (1) reduced threat-safety differentiation during fear acquisition and (2) increased fear generalization in both boys and girls, albeit to a different extent, as boys showed more generalization towards safety cues while girls showed more generalization towards dangerous cues. Moreover, this overgeneralization of fear could not be attributed to group differences in perceptual discrimination. Conclusions Altered fear learning may be an important process through which adversity increases risk for the development of psychopathology. Longitudinal research is essential to elucidate risk and resilience patterns following childhood adversity. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14092 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556

Gene-based interaction analysis shows GABAergic genes interacting with parenting in adolescent depressive symptoms / Evelien VAN ASSCHE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-12 (December 2017) . - p.1301-1309 Titre : Gene-based interaction analysis shows GABAergic genes interacting with parenting in adolescent depressive symptoms Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Evelien VAN ASSCHE, Auteur ; Tim MOONS, Auteur ; Ozan CINAR, Auteur ; Wolfgang VIECHTBAUER, Auteur ; Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur ; Karla VAN LEEUWEN, Auteur ; Karine VERSCHUEREN, Auteur ; Hilde COLPIN, Auteur ; Diether LAMBRECHTS, Auteur ; Wim VAN DEN NOORTGATE, Auteur ; Luc GOOSSENS, Auteur ; Stephan CLAES, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1301-1309 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gene–environment interaction  polygenic  parenting  gene-based testing  adolescents  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Most gene-environment interaction studies (G × E) have focused on single candidate genes. This approach is criticized for its expectations of large effect sizes and occurrence of spurious results. We describe an approach that accounts for the polygenic nature of most psychiatric phenotypes and reduces the risk of false-positive findings. We apply this method focusing on the role of perceived parental support, psychological control, and harsh punishment in depressive symptoms in adolescence. Methods Analyses were conducted on 982 adolescents of Caucasian origin (Mage (SD) = 13.78 (.94) years) genotyped for 4,947 SNPs in 263 genes, selected based on a literature survey. The Leuven Adolescent Perceived Parenting Scale (LAPPS) and the Parental Behavior Scale (PBS) were used to assess perceived parental psychological control, harsh punishment, and support. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was the outcome. We used gene-based testing taking into account linkage disequilibrium to identify genes containing SNPs exhibiting an interaction with environmental factors yielding a p-value per single gene. Significant results at the corrected p-value of p < 1.90 × 10−4 were examined in an independent replication sample of Dutch adolescents (N = 1354). Results Two genes showed evidence for interaction with perceived support: GABRR1 (p = 4.62 × 10−5) and GABRR2 (p = 9.05 × 10−6). No genes interacted significantly with psychological control or harsh punishment. Gene-based analysis was unable to confirm the interaction of GABRR1 or GABRR2 with support in the replication sample. However, for GABRR2, but not GABRR1, the correlation of the estimates between the two datasets was significant (r (46) = .32; p = .027) and a gene-based analysis of the combined datasets supported GABRR2 × support interaction (p = 1.63 × 10−4). Conclusions We present a gene-based method for gene–environment interactions in a polygenic context and show that genes interact differently with particular aspects of parenting. This accentuates the importance of polygenic approaches and the need to accurately assess environmental exposure in G × E. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12766 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Gene-based interaction analysis shows GABAergic genes interacting with parenting in adolescent depressive symptoms [texte imprimé] / Evelien VAN ASSCHE, Auteur ; Tim MOONS, Auteur ; Ozan CINAR, Auteur ; Wolfgang VIECHTBAUER, Auteur ; Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur ; Karla VAN LEEUWEN, Auteur ; Karine VERSCHUEREN, Auteur ; Hilde COLPIN, Auteur ; Diether LAMBRECHTS, Auteur ; Wim VAN DEN NOORTGATE, Auteur ; Luc GOOSSENS, Auteur ; Stephan CLAES, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur . - p.1301-1309. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-12 (December 2017) . - p.1301-1309 Mots-clés : Gene–environment interaction  polygenic  parenting  gene-based testing  adolescents  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Most gene-environment interaction studies (G × E) have focused on single candidate genes. This approach is criticized for its expectations of large effect sizes and occurrence of spurious results. We describe an approach that accounts for the polygenic nature of most psychiatric phenotypes and reduces the risk of false-positive findings. We apply this method focusing on the role of perceived parental support, psychological control, and harsh punishment in depressive symptoms in adolescence. Methods Analyses were conducted on 982 adolescents of Caucasian origin (Mage (SD) = 13.78 (.94) years) genotyped for 4,947 SNPs in 263 genes, selected based on a literature survey. The Leuven Adolescent Perceived Parenting Scale (LAPPS) and the Parental Behavior Scale (PBS) were used to assess perceived parental psychological control, harsh punishment, and support. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was the outcome. We used gene-based testing taking into account linkage disequilibrium to identify genes containing SNPs exhibiting an interaction with environmental factors yielding a p-value per single gene. Significant results at the corrected p-value of p < 1.90 × 10−4 were examined in an independent replication sample of Dutch adolescents (N = 1354). Results Two genes showed evidence for interaction with perceived support: GABRR1 (p = 4.62 × 10−5) and GABRR2 (p = 9.05 × 10−6). No genes interacted significantly with psychological control or harsh punishment. Gene-based analysis was unable to confirm the interaction of GABRR1 or GABRR2 with support in the replication sample. However, for GABRR2, but not GABRR1, the correlation of the estimates between the two datasets was significant (r (46) = .32; p = .027) and a gene-based analysis of the combined datasets supported GABRR2 × support interaction (p = 1.63 × 10−4). Conclusions We present a gene-based method for gene–environment interactions in a polygenic context and show that genes interact differently with particular aspects of parenting. This accentuates the importance of polygenic approaches and the need to accurately assess environmental exposure in G × E. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12766 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Unraveling psychosis risk in sexual minorities: temporal dynamics of social defeat and suspiciousness in adolescence / Margaux SAGEOT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 67-2 (February 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 67-2 (February 2026) . - p.296-304 Titre : Unraveling psychosis risk in sexual minorities: temporal dynamics of social defeat and suspiciousness in adolescence Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Margaux SAGEOT, Auteur ; Robin ACHTERHOF, Auteur ; Anu P. HIEKKARANTA, Auteur ; Aleksandra LECEI, Auteur ; Kristof VANSTEELAND, Auteur ; Inez MYIN-GERMEYS, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.296-304 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychotic experiences  sexual minority youth  belonging  ESM  exclusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous research suggests that sexual minorities are at higher risk for psychotic experiences, possibly due to repeated social defeat experiences. However, empirical research investigating this hypothesis is largely lacking. This study examined how experiences of ?feeling excluded? and ?not belonging? impact the prospective development of psychotic experiences in an adolescent sexual minority group, defined here as non-heterosexual attraction to others. Methods Experience sampling method (ESM) data from 1913 Flemish adolescents (aged 11?20) in the SIGMA study were analyzed. They reported their momentary feelings of exclusion when alone, belonging when in the company of others (both operationalizations of social defeat), and suspiciousness. Multilevel linear regression models tested the bidirectional, within- and between-person associations between social defeat and suspiciousness, and the effects of sexual minority status. Results Lower feelings of belonging when in company significantly predicted higher suspiciousness at the next beep [95% CI: ?0.03, ?0.01], whereas increased feelings of exclusion when alone did not. Moreover, suspiciousness did not significantly predict feelings of exclusion and belonging at the next beep, confirming the direction of effect. Sexual minority participants reported generally lower belonging in social settings [95% CI: ?0.68, ?0.29] and higher suspiciousness [95% CI: 0.16, 0.57], but not higher feelings of exclusion. The interaction between social defeat and sexual minority status was not significant, indicating no differential sensitivity to social defeat experiences. Conclusions The experience of ?not fitting in? when in company may be the most poignant social factor increasing risk for psychotic experiences in sexual minority youth. The findings highlight the need for inclusive environments where sexual minority individuals feel supported and integrated. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70042 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=579 [article] Unraveling psychosis risk in sexual minorities: temporal dynamics of social defeat and suspiciousness in adolescence [texte imprimé] / Margaux SAGEOT, Auteur ; Robin ACHTERHOF, Auteur ; Anu P. HIEKKARANTA, Auteur ; Aleksandra LECEI, Auteur ; Kristof VANSTEELAND, Auteur ; Inez MYIN-GERMEYS, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur . - p.296-304. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 67-2 (February 2026) . - p.296-304 Mots-clés : Psychotic experiences  sexual minority youth  belonging  ESM  exclusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous research suggests that sexual minorities are at higher risk for psychotic experiences, possibly due to repeated social defeat experiences. However, empirical research investigating this hypothesis is largely lacking. This study examined how experiences of ?feeling excluded? and ?not belonging? impact the prospective development of psychotic experiences in an adolescent sexual minority group, defined here as non-heterosexual attraction to others. Methods Experience sampling method (ESM) data from 1913 Flemish adolescents (aged 11?20) in the SIGMA study were analyzed. They reported their momentary feelings of exclusion when alone, belonging when in the company of others (both operationalizations of social defeat), and suspiciousness. Multilevel linear regression models tested the bidirectional, within- and between-person associations between social defeat and suspiciousness, and the effects of sexual minority status. Results Lower feelings of belonging when in company significantly predicted higher suspiciousness at the next beep [95% CI: ?0.03, ?0.01], whereas increased feelings of exclusion when alone did not. Moreover, suspiciousness did not significantly predict feelings of exclusion and belonging at the next beep, confirming the direction of effect. Sexual minority participants reported generally lower belonging in social settings [95% CI: ?0.68, ?0.29] and higher suspiciousness [95% CI: 0.16, 0.57], but not higher feelings of exclusion. The interaction between social defeat and sexual minority status was not significant, indicating no differential sensitivity to social defeat experiences. Conclusions The experience of ?not fitting in? when in company may be the most poignant social factor increasing risk for psychotic experiences in sexual minority youth. The findings highlight the need for inclusive environments where sexual minority individuals feel supported and integrated. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70042 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=579

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